This document outlines the fundamentals of information systems, including their definition, project phases, and various development methodologies such as waterfall, spiral, and agile. It emphasizes the significance of information systems in achieving strategic business objectives and lists different types of information systems along with their roles in organizations. Additionally, it highlights the infrastructure necessary for effective information system implementation, including organizational and technological requirements.

1. ‘In the Name of Kind ALLAH’
Information
Systems
Fereshte Shabany Moghadam
f_sh_moghadam@yahoo.com
Amir-Kabir University of Technology
Tehran, Iran
Department of Industrial Engineering

2. Introduction
 Definition of a system:
A set of components that interact together to achieve a common
goal
 System Goal
SMART
Specific, Measurable, Assignable, Realistic, Tamable
 System Boundaries
Inputs Outputs
Process
Actions
Analysis
Actions
Feedback
2
Fereshte Shabany Moghadam

3. Introduction
 Definition of an Information System (IS):
Set of procedures, processes, objects and people that will produce
useful information for members & customers of an organization
 Project phases:
 Planning
Why build the system?
 Analysis
Who, what, when, where will the system be?
 Design
How will the system work?
 Implementation
System delivery
3 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam

4. Introduction
 Planning Phase
Project Initiation
System Request
4 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam
Feasibility Analysis
Approval Committee
Project Management

5. Introduction
Analysis Phase
Analysis
+ System Concept
+ Models
are combined into the
5 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam
System Proposal

6. Introduction
 Design Phase
Decides how the system will operate
 Architecture design
 User interface design (UI)
 Database design
 Program design
 Implementation Phase
 Construction
 Conversion/Installation
 Maintenance & Support
6 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam

7. IS Development Methodologies
1- Structured design
Waterfall Development Method
7 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam

8. IS Development Methodologies
 Parallel development
8 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam

9. IS Development Methodologies
 Spiral Model
9 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam

10. 10 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam
IS Development Methodologies
2- Rapid Application Development (RAD)
 Phased Development
- Break overall system into a series of versions
- Each version has Analysis, Design, and Implementation
- Output from on version is the input to the next
- Incorporate ideas, issues, lessons learned in one version into
the next version

11. IS Development Methodologies
 Prototyping
11 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam
- Analysis, Design, Implementation are performed concurrently
- Start with a "quick-and-dirty" prototype
- Provides minimal functionality
- Repeat process, refining the prototype each time
- Stop when prototype is a working system

12. 12
IS Development Methodologies
Fereshte Shabany Moghadam

13.  Throw-Away Prototyping
- Use prototypes only to understand requirements
Example: use html to show UI
- Prototype is not a working design
- Once requirements are understood,
the prototypes are thrown away
- The system is then built using SDLC
13 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam
IS Development Methodologies

14. 14
IS Development Methodologies
Fereshte Shabany Moghadam

15. 15 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam
IS Development Methodologies
3- Agile development
 XP streamline SDLC
- Just a few rules that are easy to learn and follow Streamline
the SDLC
- Eliminate much of the modeling and documentation
- Emphasize simple, iterative application development

16. 16
Fereshte Shabany Moghadam
IS Development Methodologies

17. How Select the Appropriate Methodology?
 Clarity of User Requirements
 Familiarity with Technology
 System Complexity
 System Reliability
 Short Time Schedules
 Schedule Visibility
17 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam

18. 18 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam
Criteria for Selecting a Methodology

19. 19 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam
Contemporary Approaches to Information Systems

20. Why Information Systems?
 Business firms invest heavily in information systems to
achieve six strategic business objectives:
 Operational excellence
 New products, services, and business models
 Customer and supplier intimacy
 Improved decision making
Without accurate information:
Managers must use forecasts, best guesses, luck
 Competitive advantage
 Survival
20 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam

21. 21 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam
Types of Information Systems
 ESS: Executive Support Systems
 DSS: Decision Support Systems
 MIS: Management Information Systems
 KWS: Knowledge Work Systems
 GIS: Geographical Information Systems
 GSS: Group Support Systems
 TPS: Transaction Processing Systems
 OAS: Office Automation Systems
 EDP: Electronic Database Processing

22. 22 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam
Types of Information Systems

23. 23 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam
Information Systems Roles
 Business analyst
 System analyst
 Infrastructure analyst
 Change management analyst
 Project manager
o Important aspects in IS development

24. 24 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam
Infrastructures needed for IS implementation
 Organizational structures
 Management willing and support, Cooperative staff,
Distributed and decentralized organization ,Proper data
management, Staff learning courses
 Information technology
 Knowledge discovery and acquisition, Data mining, Data
warehousing
 Human resources
 Expert teams; System analysts, IT engineers, Data mining
experts, Market analysts, …

25. Thanks
Finished
25 Fereshte Shabany Moghadam