This chapter discusses the systems analysis phase of the SDLC. The objectives are to understand the proposed project, ensure it supports business needs, and provide a foundation for design. Key activities include requirements modeling using tools like use case diagrams, data and process modeling, and considering development strategies. The chapter also covers fact-finding techniques like interviews, documentation review and questionnaires to understand requirements and system stakeholders.
This chapter introduces information systems analysis and design. It describes the types of information systems as transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. It explains the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) process of planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. It also discusses newer agile methodologies like rapid application development, prototyping, joint application development, and eXtreme programming that involve iterative development processes. Finally, it covers object-oriented analysis and design and the Rational Unified Process.
This document provides an overview of systems and the system development life cycle (SDLC). It defines a system as an organized grouping of interdependent components linked together to achieve an objective. The characteristics of a system include elements, inputs/outputs, a processor, control, feedback, environment, and boundaries/interfaces. An SDLC represents the major stages of an information systems development project, including planning, analysis, design, and implementation. Planning involves feasibility studies and creating a project plan. Analysis breaks the system down into parts and gathers requirements. Design decides where the system will be created and how it will operate. Implementation builds, purchases, or tests the system and provides training and support.
This chapter discusses data and process modeling tools used during systems analysis, including data flow diagrams (DFDs), a data dictionary, and process descriptions. DFDs use symbols like processes, data flows, data stores, and entities to graphically represent how data moves through a system. A data dictionary centrally documents all data elements, data flows, processes, and other system components. Process descriptions explain the business logic and processing steps using structured tools like structured English, decision tables, and decision trees. The end goal of modeling is a logical model that shows what the system does at a high level without details of how it is implemented physically.
This document provides an overview of system analysis and design (SAD) by Yared Yenealem. It begins with biographical information about Yenealem and the objectives of the SAD course. It then covers key topics in SAD including what a system is, the elements and characteristics of systems, different types of information systems, and the importance of project management in SAD. Methods for representing and scheduling projects like Gantt charts and PERT charts are also discussed. The document aims to give students foundational knowledge on concepts and processes in SAD.
This document provides an overview of systems analysis, which involves decomposing a system into its components to study how well they work together. It describes various systems analysis approaches, including structured analysis, information engineering, object-oriented analysis, prototyping, and agile methods. It also outlines the typical phases of systems analysis: scope definition, problem analysis, requirements analysis, logical design, and decision analysis. For each phase, it identifies the key tasks, terms, and typical deliverables.
Software Development Methodologies-HSM, SSADMNana Sarpong
SSADM is a structured methodology for analyzing and designing computer systems. It is a waterfall approach with 5 main stages: 1) Feasibility study, 2) Requirements analysis, 3) Requirements specification, 4) Logical system specification, and 5) Physical system design. Each stage produces specific outputs and further refines the system requirements and design. SSADM provides standards and guidelines for documentation, techniques, and project structure.
This document provides an overview of a course on system analysis and design (SAD) taught by Yared Yenealem at Debre Tabor University in Ethiopia. It includes information about the instructor, required textbooks, course objectives, and an outline of chapter topics covering system overview, managing information system projects, the system development life cycle, and systems planning and selection. The goal of the course is to help students understand the analysis, design, development and management of computer-based information systems.
The document describes the system development process, which involves a set of activities, methods, deliverables and tools used to develop information systems. It discusses the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) which assesses the maturity of an organization's development processes. The system development life cycle is separated from the methodology, which is the formal process used. Principles of system development include getting user involvement, using a problem-solving approach, establishing phases and activities, and justifying systems as investments.
This chapter introduces information systems analysis and design. It describes the types of information systems as transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. It explains the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) process of planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. It also discusses newer agile methodologies like rapid application development, prototyping, joint application development, and eXtreme programming that involve iterative development processes. Finally, it covers object-oriented analysis and design and the Rational Unified Process.
This document provides an overview of systems and the system development life cycle (SDLC). It defines a system as an organized grouping of interdependent components linked together to achieve an objective. The characteristics of a system include elements, inputs/outputs, a processor, control, feedback, environment, and boundaries/interfaces. An SDLC represents the major stages of an information systems development project, including planning, analysis, design, and implementation. Planning involves feasibility studies and creating a project plan. Analysis breaks the system down into parts and gathers requirements. Design decides where the system will be created and how it will operate. Implementation builds, purchases, or tests the system and provides training and support.
This chapter discusses data and process modeling tools used during systems analysis, including data flow diagrams (DFDs), a data dictionary, and process descriptions. DFDs use symbols like processes, data flows, data stores, and entities to graphically represent how data moves through a system. A data dictionary centrally documents all data elements, data flows, processes, and other system components. Process descriptions explain the business logic and processing steps using structured tools like structured English, decision tables, and decision trees. The end goal of modeling is a logical model that shows what the system does at a high level without details of how it is implemented physically.
This document provides an overview of system analysis and design (SAD) by Yared Yenealem. It begins with biographical information about Yenealem and the objectives of the SAD course. It then covers key topics in SAD including what a system is, the elements and characteristics of systems, different types of information systems, and the importance of project management in SAD. Methods for representing and scheduling projects like Gantt charts and PERT charts are also discussed. The document aims to give students foundational knowledge on concepts and processes in SAD.
This document provides an overview of systems analysis, which involves decomposing a system into its components to study how well they work together. It describes various systems analysis approaches, including structured analysis, information engineering, object-oriented analysis, prototyping, and agile methods. It also outlines the typical phases of systems analysis: scope definition, problem analysis, requirements analysis, logical design, and decision analysis. For each phase, it identifies the key tasks, terms, and typical deliverables.
Software Development Methodologies-HSM, SSADMNana Sarpong
SSADM is a structured methodology for analyzing and designing computer systems. It is a waterfall approach with 5 main stages: 1) Feasibility study, 2) Requirements analysis, 3) Requirements specification, 4) Logical system specification, and 5) Physical system design. Each stage produces specific outputs and further refines the system requirements and design. SSADM provides standards and guidelines for documentation, techniques, and project structure.
This document provides an overview of a course on system analysis and design (SAD) taught by Yared Yenealem at Debre Tabor University in Ethiopia. It includes information about the instructor, required textbooks, course objectives, and an outline of chapter topics covering system overview, managing information system projects, the system development life cycle, and systems planning and selection. The goal of the course is to help students understand the analysis, design, development and management of computer-based information systems.
The document describes the system development process, which involves a set of activities, methods, deliverables and tools used to develop information systems. It discusses the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) which assesses the maturity of an organization's development processes. The system development life cycle is separated from the methodology, which is the formal process used. Principles of system development include getting user involvement, using a problem-solving approach, establishing phases and activities, and justifying systems as investments.
The document discusses systems analysis and its various phases. It defines systems analysis as a problem-solving technique that breaks down a system into components to study how well they work and interact. The key phases of systems analysis discussed are: scope definition, problem analysis, requirements analysis, logical design, and decision analysis. Each phase involves various tasks like identifying problems, analyzing requirements, designing logical structures, and selecting solutions. The document provides details on the objectives, techniques, and deliverables involved in each task and phase of the systems analysis methodology.
Basic concept on Systems/Software Analysis, Design & Development, how software engineering, large projects are done, collaborated, best practices & standards.
This document provides an overview of systems analysis and design. It discusses key concepts including:
1. Systems analysis involves collecting and interpreting facts to identify problems and decompose a system into components. Design focuses on planning how to accomplish system objectives.
2. A system has components, interrelated components, a boundary, purpose, environment, interfaces, constraints, inputs, and outputs. Characteristics are discussed.
3. Models used in analysis include schematic, flow, static, and dynamic models. Important concepts are decomposition, modularity, coupling, and cohesion. Open and closed systems are also covered.
This document provides an overview of the system development life cycle (SDLC) and object-oriented analysis and design. It discusses the four main phases of the SDLC - planning, analysis, design, and implementation. Within each phase, common techniques and deliverables are described, such as creating use case diagrams and class diagrams during analysis, and designing system architecture and user interfaces during design. Object-oriented concepts like classes, objects, and relationships are also explained.
The document discusses different approaches to software system development including structured approach, object-oriented approach, and information engineering approach. The structured approach uses structured programming, structured design, and structured analysis techniques. It focuses on processes rather than data. The object-oriented approach views a system as interacting objects that work together to accomplish tasks. Analysis and design involve defining object types and interactions. The information engineering approach aims to model the real world and support business processes through information systems.
The document summarizes the systems development life cycle (SDLC) which includes four phases - planning, analysis, design, and implementation. Each phase consists of steps that produce deliverables and moves the system design forward through refinement. Methodologies like waterfall, RAD, agile help structure the SDLC process. Key factors in selecting a methodology include requirements clarity, technology familiarity, system complexity, reliability needs, and time schedules.
CIS 2303 LO1: Introduction to System Analysis and DesignAhmad Ammari
This document provides an overview of the Systems Analysis and Design course, including describing the evolution of software development methodologies and outlining the learning objectives. It defines key terms like information systems, systems analysis and design, and IT. It also explains the systems development life cycle (SDLC) model and its phases of planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support.
The document provides an overview of systems analysis and design (SAD). It discusses that SAD is the process of understanding what an information system should do through analysis, and specifying how it will be implemented through design. It also outlines some key aspects of SAD including the importance of good requirements gathering and design. The document aims to give the reader a basic understanding of SAD concepts.
The document provides an overview of systems concepts and the system development life cycle (SDLC). It defines a system and lists its key characteristics as organization, interaction, interdependence, integration, and a central objective. The document also describes the elements of a system including inputs, outputs, processors, controls, boundaries/interfaces, environment, and feedback. It then discusses different types of systems and the phases of the SDLC including planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance.
This document discusses system analysis methods. It defines system analysis as a problem solving technique that decomposes a system into component pieces to study how well they work and interact. The document outlines the objectives, stages, and phases of system analysis. It describes two main approaches: model-driven analysis which uses models like data flow diagrams; and accelerated system analysis which uses prototypes. Model-driven analysis can be structured analysis, information engineering, or object-oriented analysis. Accelerated approaches emphasize prototypes to rapidly identify requirements.
The document discusses the planning phase of the systems development lifecycle. It explains that the planning phase involves building a business case, conducting a strategic plan and SWOT analysis. The business case justifies the project, describes the problem it solves, outlines the scope and costs, and identifies risks and benefits. A strategic plan includes a mission statement and identifies goals and stakeholders. SWOT analysis examines a company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to inform the strategic plan. Systems requests are evaluated using a standardized request form to streamline the process.
The document discusses planning for systems analysis. It emphasizes the importance of carefully planning the approach to ensure adequate understanding of requirements. The analyst should understand project objectives and constraints. Face-to-face meetings with clients help build rapport and gather key information. Time management is also important, as there are many tasks to complete within limited time. The feasibility study determines if a project is possible and beneficial, considering operational, technical, economic and schedule feasibility.
The document discusses the systems analysis and design process for developing systems like a Management Information System (MIS). It describes the key stages in the systems development life cycle, including problem recognition, feasibility study, systems analysis, design, testing, implementation, and maintenance. It provides details on various techniques and considerations used at each stage, such as classifying problem types during problem recognition, assessing technical, operational, and economic feasibility, gathering requirements, and designing system components. The iterative nature of systems development is also emphasized.
The document provides an overview of the Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM). It describes SSADM as a comprehensive, structured approach to systems development that is considered the true successor to traditional system development lifecycles. The key techniques of SSADM are described as logical data modeling, data flow modeling, and entity event modeling. The stages of the SSADM methodology are then outlined, including feasibility study, investigation of the current environment, business system options, requirements specification, technical system options, logical design, and physical design.
discuss about System system analysis, system design, system analyst's role, Development of System through analysis, SDLC, Case Tools of SAD, Implementation, etc.
The document discusses SSADM, a structured systems analysis and design methodology. It breaks down SSADM into stages including feasibility, requirements analysis, requirements specification, logical system specification, physical design, logical data modeling, data flow modeling, and entity behavior modeling. The document notes some criticisms of SSADM including that it is too detailed, emphasizes documentation too much, and is difficult to apply for large projects.
This chapter discusses using use cases to model system requirements. It defines key use case concepts like actors, use cases, relationships between use cases. It describes the benefits of use case modeling and the process of developing a use case model, including identifying actors and use cases, constructing diagrams, documenting narratives. It also discusses how use case models can be used for project management and prioritization.
01 isad-information system analysis and design intro by S. A. AHSAN RAJONAHSAN RAJON
This document provides an overview of a course on Information System Analysis and Design (ISAD). It discusses key topics that will be covered, including systems concepts, the system development life cycle, the role of the system analyst, and tools for structured analysis. Students are advised to focus on understanding topics, taking notes on key points, and relating concepts to real-world examples. The course will involve class tests and case studies of various information systems. The goal is to learn how to analyze existing systems and design new systems using a structured approach.
The document discusses the key activities involved in system implementation: coding, testing, installation, documentation, training, and support. It describes the processes of coding, testing, and installation. Testing involves various types of tests, including static/dynamic, automated/manual, inspection, integration, system, and acceptance testing. Installation strategies like direct, parallel, single-location, and phased installation are outlined. The importance of documentation, training, and supporting users is also highlighted.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It states that system analysis describes what a system should do to meet user needs, while system design specifies how the system will accomplish this through design activities that produce specifications satisfying requirements developed in analysis. The document then provides details on various aspects of systems analysis, design, feasibility, lifecycles and more.
The document discusses the five steps of an effective Joint Application Development (JAD) session for gathering requirements: 1) Planning ahead with the project team and executive sponsor, 2) Assembling the right team with defined roles, 3) Ensuring all team members are committed, 4) Staying on course during sessions, and 5) Following through by producing deliverables and evaluating the process. JAD sessions bring together key stakeholders to jointly discuss needs, develop solutions, and gain consensus in a structured workshop format.
The document discusses systems analysis and its various phases. It defines systems analysis as a problem-solving technique that breaks down a system into components to study how well they work and interact. The key phases of systems analysis discussed are: scope definition, problem analysis, requirements analysis, logical design, and decision analysis. Each phase involves various tasks like identifying problems, analyzing requirements, designing logical structures, and selecting solutions. The document provides details on the objectives, techniques, and deliverables involved in each task and phase of the systems analysis methodology.
Basic concept on Systems/Software Analysis, Design & Development, how software engineering, large projects are done, collaborated, best practices & standards.
This document provides an overview of systems analysis and design. It discusses key concepts including:
1. Systems analysis involves collecting and interpreting facts to identify problems and decompose a system into components. Design focuses on planning how to accomplish system objectives.
2. A system has components, interrelated components, a boundary, purpose, environment, interfaces, constraints, inputs, and outputs. Characteristics are discussed.
3. Models used in analysis include schematic, flow, static, and dynamic models. Important concepts are decomposition, modularity, coupling, and cohesion. Open and closed systems are also covered.
This document provides an overview of the system development life cycle (SDLC) and object-oriented analysis and design. It discusses the four main phases of the SDLC - planning, analysis, design, and implementation. Within each phase, common techniques and deliverables are described, such as creating use case diagrams and class diagrams during analysis, and designing system architecture and user interfaces during design. Object-oriented concepts like classes, objects, and relationships are also explained.
The document discusses different approaches to software system development including structured approach, object-oriented approach, and information engineering approach. The structured approach uses structured programming, structured design, and structured analysis techniques. It focuses on processes rather than data. The object-oriented approach views a system as interacting objects that work together to accomplish tasks. Analysis and design involve defining object types and interactions. The information engineering approach aims to model the real world and support business processes through information systems.
The document summarizes the systems development life cycle (SDLC) which includes four phases - planning, analysis, design, and implementation. Each phase consists of steps that produce deliverables and moves the system design forward through refinement. Methodologies like waterfall, RAD, agile help structure the SDLC process. Key factors in selecting a methodology include requirements clarity, technology familiarity, system complexity, reliability needs, and time schedules.
CIS 2303 LO1: Introduction to System Analysis and DesignAhmad Ammari
This document provides an overview of the Systems Analysis and Design course, including describing the evolution of software development methodologies and outlining the learning objectives. It defines key terms like information systems, systems analysis and design, and IT. It also explains the systems development life cycle (SDLC) model and its phases of planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support.
The document provides an overview of systems analysis and design (SAD). It discusses that SAD is the process of understanding what an information system should do through analysis, and specifying how it will be implemented through design. It also outlines some key aspects of SAD including the importance of good requirements gathering and design. The document aims to give the reader a basic understanding of SAD concepts.
The document provides an overview of systems concepts and the system development life cycle (SDLC). It defines a system and lists its key characteristics as organization, interaction, interdependence, integration, and a central objective. The document also describes the elements of a system including inputs, outputs, processors, controls, boundaries/interfaces, environment, and feedback. It then discusses different types of systems and the phases of the SDLC including planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance.
This document discusses system analysis methods. It defines system analysis as a problem solving technique that decomposes a system into component pieces to study how well they work and interact. The document outlines the objectives, stages, and phases of system analysis. It describes two main approaches: model-driven analysis which uses models like data flow diagrams; and accelerated system analysis which uses prototypes. Model-driven analysis can be structured analysis, information engineering, or object-oriented analysis. Accelerated approaches emphasize prototypes to rapidly identify requirements.
The document discusses the planning phase of the systems development lifecycle. It explains that the planning phase involves building a business case, conducting a strategic plan and SWOT analysis. The business case justifies the project, describes the problem it solves, outlines the scope and costs, and identifies risks and benefits. A strategic plan includes a mission statement and identifies goals and stakeholders. SWOT analysis examines a company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to inform the strategic plan. Systems requests are evaluated using a standardized request form to streamline the process.
The document discusses planning for systems analysis. It emphasizes the importance of carefully planning the approach to ensure adequate understanding of requirements. The analyst should understand project objectives and constraints. Face-to-face meetings with clients help build rapport and gather key information. Time management is also important, as there are many tasks to complete within limited time. The feasibility study determines if a project is possible and beneficial, considering operational, technical, economic and schedule feasibility.
The document discusses the systems analysis and design process for developing systems like a Management Information System (MIS). It describes the key stages in the systems development life cycle, including problem recognition, feasibility study, systems analysis, design, testing, implementation, and maintenance. It provides details on various techniques and considerations used at each stage, such as classifying problem types during problem recognition, assessing technical, operational, and economic feasibility, gathering requirements, and designing system components. The iterative nature of systems development is also emphasized.
The document provides an overview of the Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM). It describes SSADM as a comprehensive, structured approach to systems development that is considered the true successor to traditional system development lifecycles. The key techniques of SSADM are described as logical data modeling, data flow modeling, and entity event modeling. The stages of the SSADM methodology are then outlined, including feasibility study, investigation of the current environment, business system options, requirements specification, technical system options, logical design, and physical design.
discuss about System system analysis, system design, system analyst's role, Development of System through analysis, SDLC, Case Tools of SAD, Implementation, etc.
The document discusses SSADM, a structured systems analysis and design methodology. It breaks down SSADM into stages including feasibility, requirements analysis, requirements specification, logical system specification, physical design, logical data modeling, data flow modeling, and entity behavior modeling. The document notes some criticisms of SSADM including that it is too detailed, emphasizes documentation too much, and is difficult to apply for large projects.
This chapter discusses using use cases to model system requirements. It defines key use case concepts like actors, use cases, relationships between use cases. It describes the benefits of use case modeling and the process of developing a use case model, including identifying actors and use cases, constructing diagrams, documenting narratives. It also discusses how use case models can be used for project management and prioritization.
01 isad-information system analysis and design intro by S. A. AHSAN RAJONAHSAN RAJON
This document provides an overview of a course on Information System Analysis and Design (ISAD). It discusses key topics that will be covered, including systems concepts, the system development life cycle, the role of the system analyst, and tools for structured analysis. Students are advised to focus on understanding topics, taking notes on key points, and relating concepts to real-world examples. The course will involve class tests and case studies of various information systems. The goal is to learn how to analyze existing systems and design new systems using a structured approach.
The document discusses the key activities involved in system implementation: coding, testing, installation, documentation, training, and support. It describes the processes of coding, testing, and installation. Testing involves various types of tests, including static/dynamic, automated/manual, inspection, integration, system, and acceptance testing. Installation strategies like direct, parallel, single-location, and phased installation are outlined. The importance of documentation, training, and supporting users is also highlighted.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It states that system analysis describes what a system should do to meet user needs, while system design specifies how the system will accomplish this through design activities that produce specifications satisfying requirements developed in analysis. The document then provides details on various aspects of systems analysis, design, feasibility, lifecycles and more.
The document discusses the five steps of an effective Joint Application Development (JAD) session for gathering requirements: 1) Planning ahead with the project team and executive sponsor, 2) Assembling the right team with defined roles, 3) Ensuring all team members are committed, 4) Staying on course during sessions, and 5) Following through by producing deliverables and evaluating the process. JAD sessions bring together key stakeholders to jointly discuss needs, develop solutions, and gain consensus in a structured workshop format.
The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) describes the stages of a software development project. It involves planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. In the analysis stage, tools like interviews and documentation are used to understand business needs. The design stage separates logical design, which specifies user needs, from physical design, which specifies how the system will function. Testing occurs at the unit, integration, and system levels to ensure quality before implementation. Post-implementation review evaluates whether the new system meets requirements.
Required field - Field must contain a value
Data type - Field must contain correct data type (text, number, etc.)
Range check - Field value must fall within specified range of values
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Length check - Field value must be correct length
Format check - Field value must match specified format
Check digit validation - Field value must pass check digit test
Table lookup - Field value must exist in reference table
Cross-field check - Value of one field constrains values of other fields
Validation rules and input masks help ensure data quality and reduce errors. The chapter discusses principles of user-centered design and guidelines for effective user
Joint Application Design (JAD) was developed by IBM in the late 1970s. It is a requirements determination method that brings together business and IT professionals in a structured workshop to determine and discuss system requirements
The document discusses software testing techniques. It describes static and dynamic testing, with white box and black box testing as two types of dynamic testing. White box testing involves knowledge of internal code logic and structure, while black box testing interacts with the user interface without knowledge of internal workings. The document also covers advantages and disadvantages of black box testing, as well as different levels of testing including functional testing techniques like unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing and non-functional testing techniques like performance, security, and portability testing.
Social Anxiety Disorder, also called social phobia, is an intense fear or inability to function in social situations. It affects 5% of adults in the US and can range from performance-only situations to everyday interactions. It has genetic and environmental causes and is linked to neurotransmitter and brain region differences. Symptoms include cognitive dread, physiological symptoms like blushing, and avoidance behaviors. Treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy and medication.
This document provides an overview of social anxiety disorder. It begins by defining social anxiety and noting that it will focus on using the term "social anxiety" in this presentation. It then outlines that it will present information separately on social anxiety in adults and children. The main points covered include: what social anxiety looks like, characteristics of specific vs. generalized social anxiety, how social anxiety manifests differently in children, brain characteristics associated with social anxiety, how it is differentiated from other disorders, and examples of differential diagnoses.
The chapter discusses implementation and deployment activities for a new system. It covers various types of software testing including unit testing, integration testing, usability testing, system testing, and user acceptance testing. Implementation includes programming and testing, while deployment includes data conversion, training users, system testing, and deploying the final solution. Effective planning and management of implementation, testing, and deployment is also discussed.
This document discusses user stories and requirements elicitation. It defines user stories and explains the three parts - the card, conversation, and confirmation. The card is a simple statement written in a certain format. The conversation involves discussion to clarify and expand on the user story. The confirmation is a test case to validate that the goal of the user story is met. An example user story is provided for a video uploading feature on YouTube. Requirements and test steps are added during the conversation and confirmation parts. The document also discusses using user stories to capture requirements and ensure they are independent, negotiable, valuable, estimable, small, and testable.
The document describes several methods for collecting information during the initial systems analysis stage: observation, examining documents, questionnaires, and interviews. Observation allows analysts to see real work processes and how data flows. Examining documents provides information on what documents are used currently. Questionnaires can gather data from many people but have low response rates. Interviews are the most important technique as they allow analysts to clarify any unclear answers. Collecting information from multiple sources helps analysts understand current systems and user needs.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the best approach for treating social anxiety disorder based on its past higher success rates compared to other approaches. CBT combines cognitive therapy to examine how negative thoughts contribute to anxiety with behavior therapy to examine how patients behave and react to anxiety-triggering situations. Studies have shown CBT to be superior to biological treatments like medication in the long run, with more successful outcomes than psychoanalysis, trait theory, and other approaches. While no approach is perfect, CBT provides patients with effective tools to overcome social anxiety by addressing both cognitions and behaviors.
The document discusses various software life cycle models, including waterfall, V-model, incremental, prototype, spiral, RAD and 4GT. It provides descriptions of each model's phases, advantages and disadvantages. The waterfall and V-model are presented as classic sequential models. Incremental and spiral models iterate through phases to allow for flexibility. Prototype and RAD models emphasize early prototypes. Risk analysis is a key part of the spiral model.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Risk Factors , Signs and Symptoms of GAD, DSM V Diagnostic Criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder, ICD 10 CriteriaF41.1 Generalized anxiety disorder, Prevalence and Age of Onset, Treatment, Self-help Strategies For GAD
This document outlines the learning objectives and content for a Systems Analysis and Design course. It covers logical modeling techniques including functional decomposition diagrams, use case diagrams, and data flow diagrams (DFDs). Students will learn to produce logical models using these techniques, including how to draw context diagrams, diagram 0 DFDs, and lower-level balanced and leveled DFDs. The document provides examples and exercises for students to practice applying these modeling skills.
The document discusses the waterfall model of software development. It describes the five phases of the waterfall model as requirements gathering and analysis, design, coding, testing, and maintenance. It provides details on the activities in each phase, including documenting requirements, designing logical modules, writing code, testing software, and maintaining the system. The waterfall model is advantageous for small projects but inflexible if requirements change, as it is a sequential process where each phase must be completed before the next.
This document describes an online book store project created using ASP.NET and SQL Server. It includes an introduction to .NET technologies, objectives to simulate an actual online book store and allow browsing/purchasing of books, requirements including minimum hardware/software specifications, screenshots of the home, contact, and admin login pages, and advantages like cost and time savings. The conclusion restates that the online book store allows customers to search, select, and purchase books online.
Process models describe the life cycle of software development from requirements gathering to maintenance. The main process models discussed are waterfall, incremental, RAD, prototype, spiral and concurrent development. Each model represents the phases and flow of activities in the software development process in a different way. Process models help develop software in a systematic manner and ensure all team members understand responsibilities and timelines.
This chapter discusses systems analysis phase activities like requirements modeling, data and process modeling, and object modeling. It describes techniques like joint application development (JAD), rapid application development (RAD), and agile methods. The chapter objectives are to explain these techniques and how to document requirements, conduct interviews, and develop effective documentation for systems development.
Chapter 4 Requirements ModelInformation Technology Project Management - part ...AxmedMaxamuudYoonis
The chapter discusses requirements modeling techniques used in systems analysis to understand business needs and visualize the proposed system. This includes modeling outputs, inputs, processes and security requirements. It also covers fact-finding methods like interviews, documentation review and questionnaires to gather requirements, as well as documenting findings. The overall goal of systems analysis is to ensure the new system supports business needs before designing it.
This chapter discusses requirements modeling techniques used in systems analysis, including joint application development, rapid application development, and agile methods. It also covers identifying system requirements through fact-finding techniques like interviews, documentation review, and questionnaires. The goal of systems analysis is to understand business needs and create a foundation for subsequent system design.
This chapter discusses requirements modeling techniques used in systems analysis, including joint application development (JAD), rapid application development (RAD), and agile methods. It covers modeling tools like functional decomposition diagrams and data flow diagrams. System requirements like outputs, inputs, processes and controls are defined. Fact-finding techniques like interviews, documentation review and observation are also introduced.
The document discusses systems analysis activities including requirements modeling. It describes key objectives of the systems analysis phase such as understanding business needs and building a foundation for development. Common techniques used in systems analysis are then outlined, including joint application development (JAD), rapid application development (RAD), and agile methods. Modeling tools that can be used in analysis like functional decomposition diagrams, business process models, data flow diagrams, and unified modeling language diagrams are also introduced.
The document describes the systems development life cycle (SDLC) as a framework for developing information systems using well-defined sequential phases: planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. It explains the key tasks for each phase and also discusses newer approaches like prototyping, outsourcing options, and agile methodologies.
The document discusses requirement gathering and analysis. It emphasizes the importance of requirements in project success and describes key tasks in requirements engineering including inception, elicitation, and elaboration. During inception, questions are asked to understand the problem, stakeholders, and desired solution. Elicitation involves discovering requirements through collaboration and techniques like use cases. Elaboration refines information through analysis modeling with elements like use cases, classes, and behaviors. The goal is a model that defines the functional, informational, and behavioral domains of the problem.
The document discusses systems development and the systems development life cycle (SDLC). It describes the seven phases of the SDLC as planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance. It also discusses different systems development methodologies like waterfall methodology, rapid application development, extreme programming, and agile methodology. Finally, it covers outsourcing and the different forms it can take, including onshore, nearshore and offshore outsourcing.
The document discusses systems development and the systems development life cycle (SDLC). It describes the seven phases of the SDLC as planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance. It also discusses different systems development methodologies like waterfall methodology, rapid application development, extreme programming, and agile methodology. Finally, it covers outsourcing and the different forms it can take, including onshore, nearshore and offshore outsourcing.
The document provides an overview of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which is a process used to develop software in a logical, structured manner. It consists of six phases - system planning, system analysis, system design, system coding, system testing, and deployment and maintenance. The goal of the SDLC is to produce high-quality software that meets customer expectations with the highest quality, lowest cost, and shortest time. Each phase results in deliverables for the next phase and aims to gradually develop the system from inception of an idea through implementation and delivery.
This chapter discusses analyzing the business case for IT projects and conducting a preliminary investigation. It explains that a business case justifies a project based on benefits like reducing costs or increasing revenue. The preliminary investigation evaluates a project request through fact-finding, analyzing costs/benefits, and assessing feasibility. The analyst then reports findings and recommendations to management.
This chapter discusses analyzing the business case for IT projects. It explains that a business case justifies a proposed project based on reasons and benefits for the company. The chapter also describes strategic planning, which examines a company's vision and mission and leads to goals and objectives. Finally, the chapter outlines the preliminary investigation process, which includes understanding requirements, analyzing costs/benefits, and evaluating feasibility before presenting recommendations to management.
The document summarizes key points from Chapter 11 of a systems analysis textbook. It discusses the systems implementation phase, which includes application development, testing, training users, converting data, and installing the new system. It also covers post-implementation tasks like evaluating the new system and presenting a final report to management. The chapter objectives are to explain various implementation and testing processes, as well as techniques for training, converting data, installing systems, and evaluating results.
The chapter discusses the systems implementation phase, which includes application development, testing, training users, converting data, and installing the new system. It covers structured, object-oriented, and agile development methods. Testing strategies like unit, integration, and system testing are explained. The chapter also discusses documenting the system, training users, converting data, changing over to the new system, and evaluating the new system after implementation.
The document discusses various approaches to creating information systems, including custom development, off-the-shelf software selection, and end user development. It describes the system development life cycle (SDLC) methodology, including definition, build, and implementation phases. Alternative approaches like prototyping are also covered. The benefits and risks of different creation methods are outlined.
The document discusses the system development life cycle (SDLC), which includes various phases for developing and maintaining systems. The key phases are: system investigation, feasibility study, system analysis, system design, coding, testing, implementation, and maintenance. The feasibility study phase evaluates the technical, operational, economic, motivational, and schedule feasibility of a proposed system. The system analysis phase involves studying user requirements and the current system. System design then specifies how the new system will meet requirements through elements like data design, user interface design, and process design. This produces specifications for the system.
This document discusses the key principles and learning objectives for Chapter 12 of the textbook "Principles of Information Systems, Tenth Edition". It covers the importance of teamwork in systems development and identifies the roles of key participants. It also discusses different systems development life cycles like traditional, prototyping, and rapid application development. Finally, it outlines factors that influence the success or failure of systems development projects, including project planning, managing change, and quality standards.
Planning, design and implementation of information systemsOnline
The document outlines the stages in the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), including system investigation, analysis, design, implementation, maintenance and evaluation. It describes the key activities in each phase such as conducting feasibility studies, gathering functional requirements, designing the user interface and data structures, testing the system, and ongoing maintenance. Alternative approaches like prototyping are also covered, which allow for rapid development and user feedback early in the process.
The document discusses the key stages in the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), including systems strategy, project initiation, development, and maintenance. It describes the objectives of each stage, such as assessing business needs during systems strategy and conducting feasibility studies and cost-benefit analysis during project initiation. Accountants play an important role by ensuring economic feasibility analysis, accurate cost reporting, and that systems have appropriate controls.
The document discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC) and different methodologies used in systems development. It describes the seven phases of the traditional waterfall SDLC model: planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance. It then covers agile methodologies like Scrum and Lean, which emphasize iterative development and customer collaboration. Key concepts in agile like user stories, estimating effort with story points, and Scrum ceremonies and roles are also explained.
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Phase Description
Systems analysis is the second of five phases in the
systems development life cycle (SDLC)
Uses requirements modeling and data and process
modeling to represent the new system
Before proceeding to the next phase, systems
design, you will consider system development
strategies
2
3. Chapter Objectives
Describe systems analysis phase activities and the
end product of the systems analysis phase
Explain joint application development (JAD) and
rapid application development (RAD)
Understand how systems analysts use a functional
decomposition diagram (FDD)
Describe the Unified Modeling Language (UML)
and explain use case diagrams and sequence
diagrams
3
4. Chapter Objectives
List and describe system requirements, including
outputs, inputs, processes, performance, and
controls
Explain the importance of scalability in system
design
Use fact-finding techniques, including interviews,
documentation review, observation,
questionnaires, sampling, and research
4
5. Chapter Objectives
Define total cost of ownership (TCO) and explain
the concept
Conduct a successful interview
Develop effective documentation methods to use
during systems development
5
6. Introduction
This chapter describes requirements modeling
techniques and team-based methods that systems
analysts use to visualize and document new
systems
The chapter then discusses system requirements
and fact-finding techniques, which include
interviewing, documentation review, observation,
surveys and questionnaires, sampling, and
research
6
7. Systems Analysis Phase
Overview
The overall objective is to understand the
proposed project, ensure that it will support
business requirements, and build a solid
foundation for system development
You use a models and other documentation tools
to visualize and describe the proposed system
7
9. Systems Analysis Phase
Overview
Systems Analysis
Activities
– Data and process
modeling
– Development Strategies
• System requirements
document
9
10. Systems Analysis Phase
Overview
Systems Analysis Skills
– Analytical skills
– Interpersonal skills
Team-Oriented Methods and Techniques
– Joint application development (JAD)
– Rapid application development (RAD)
10
11. Joint Application Development
User Involvement
– Users have a vital stake in an information system
and they should participate fully
– Successful systems must be user-oriented and
users need to be involved
– One popular strategy for user involvement is a
JAD team approach
11
12. Joint Application Development
JAD Participants and Roles
– JAD participants should be insulated from the
distraction of day-to-day operations
– Objective is to analyze the existing system, obtain
user input and expectations, and document user
requirements for the new system
12
13. Joint Application Development
JAD Advantages and Disadvantages
– Advantages
• Allows key users to participate effectively
• When properly used, JAD can result in a more accurate
statement of system requirements, a better
understanding of common goals, and a stronger
commitment to the success of the new system
– Disadvantages
• More expensive and can be cumbersome if the group is
too large relative to the size of the project
13
14. Rapid Application Development
Is a team-based technique that speeds up
information systems development and produces a
functioning information system
Relies heavily on prototyping and user
involvement
Process continues until the system is completely
developed and users are satisfied
14
16. Rapid Application Development
RAD Objectives
– To cut development time and expense by involving
the users in every phase of systems development
– Successful RAD team must have IT resources,
skills, and management support
– Helps a development team design a system that
requires a highly interactive or complex user
interface
16
17. Rapid Application Development
RAD Advantages and Disadvantages
– Advantages
• Systems can be developed more quickly with significant
cost savings
– Disadvantages
• RAD stresses the mechanics of the system itself and
does not emphasize the company’s strategic business
needs
• Might allow less time to develop quality, consistency,
and design standards
17
18. Modeling Tools and Techniques
CASE Tools
Functional
Decomposition
Diagrams
– Also called
structure charts
18
20. Modeling Tools and Techniques
Unified Modeling Language
– Widely used method of visualizing and
documenting software systems design
– Use case diagrams
• Actor
– Sequence diagrams
20
21. System Requirements Checklist
System requirement
Five general categories
– Outputs
– Inputs
– Processes
– Performance
– Controls
21
22. System Requirements Checklist
Outputs
– The Web site must report online volume statistics
every four hours, and hourly during peak periods
– The inventory system must produce a daily report
showing the part number, description, quantity on
hand, quantity allocated, quantity available, and
unit cost of all sorted by part number
22
23. System Requirements Checklist
Inputs
– Manufacturing employees must swipe their ID
cards into online data collection terminals that
record labor costs and calculate production
efficiency
– The department head must enter overtime hours on
a separate screen
23
24. System Requirements Checklist
Processes
– The student records system must calculate the
GPA at the end of each semester
– As the final step in year-end processing, the
payroll system must update employee salaries,
bonuses, and benefits and produce tax data
required by the IRS
24
25. System Requirements Checklist
Performance
– The system must support 25 users online
simultaneously
– Response time must not exceed four seconds
25
26. System Requirements Checklist
Controls
– The system must provide log-on security at the
operating system level and at the application level
– An employee record must be added, changed, or
deleted only by a member of the human resources
department
26
27. Future Growth, Costs, and
Benefits
Scalability
– A scalable system offers a better return on the
initial investment
– To evaluate, you need information about projected
future volume for all outputs, inputs, and processes
27
28. Future Growth, Costs, and
Benefits
Total Cost of Ownership
– Total cost of ownership (TCO) is especially
important if the development team is evaluating
several alternatives
– One problem is that cost estimates tend to
understate indirect costs
– Rapid Economic Justification (REJ)
28
29. Fact-Finding
Fact-Finding Overview
– The first step is to identify the information you
need
– Develop a fact-finding plan
Who, What, Where, When, How, and Why?
– Difference between asking what is being done and
what could or should be done
29
30. Fact-Finding
The Zachman Framework
– Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture
– Helps managers and users understand the model
and assures that overall business goals translate
into successful IT projects
30
31. Interviews
Systems analysts spend a
great deal of time talking
with people
Much of that time is
spent conducting
interviews
31
32. Interview
Step 1: Determine the People to Interview
– Informal structures
Step 2: Establish Objectives for the Interview
– Determine the general areas to be discussed
– List the facts you want to gather
32
33. Interviews
Step 3: Develop Interview Questions
– Creating a standard list of interview questions
helps to keep you on track and avoid unnecessary
tangents
– Avoid leading questions
– Open-ended questions
– Closed-ended questions
– Range-of-response questions
33
34. Interviews
Step 4: Prepare for the Interview
– Careful preparation is essential because interview
is an important meeting and not just a casual chat
– Limit the interview to no more than one hour
– Send a list of topics
– Ask the interviewee to have samples available
34
35. Interviews
Step 5: Conduct the Interview
– Develop a specific plan for the meeting
– Begin by introducing yourself, describing the
project, and explaining interview objectives
– Use engaged listening
– Allow the person enough time to think about the
question
– After interview, summarize the session and seek a
confirmation
35
36. Interviews
Step 6: Document the Interview
– Note taking should be kept to a minimum
– After the interview, record the information quickly
– After the interview, send memo expressing
appreciation, including the main points discussed
so the interviewee has a written summary and can
offer additions or corrections
36
37. Interviews
Step 7: Evaluate the Interview
– In addition to recording the facts obtained in an
interview, try to identify any possible biases
Unsuccessful Interviews
– No matter how well you prepare for interviews,
some are not successful
37
38. Other Fact-Finding Techniques
Document Review
Observation
– Seeing the system in action gives
you additional perspective and a
better understanding of the system
procedures
– Plan your observations in advance
– Hawthorne Effect
38
39. Other Fact-Finding Techniques
Questionnaires and Surveys
– When designing a questionnaire, the most
important rule of all is to make sure that your
questions collect the right data in a form that you
can use to further your fact-finding
– Fill-in form
39
40. Other Fact-Finding Techniques
Sampling
– Systematic sample
– Stratified sample
– Random sample
– Main objective of a sample is to ensure that it
represents the overall population accurately
40
41. Other Fact-Finding Techniques
Research
– Can include the Internet, IT magazines, and books
to obtain background information, technical
material, and news about industry trends and
developments
– Site visit
41
42. Other Fact-Finding Techniques
Interviews versus Questionnaires
– Interview is more familiar and personal
– Questionnaire gives many people the opportunity
to provide input and suggestions
– Brainstorming
– Structured brainstorming
– Unstructured brainstorming
42
43. Documentation
The Need for Recording the Facts
– Record information as soon as you obtain it
– Use the simplest recording method
– Record your findings in such a way that they can
be understood by someone else
– Organize your documentation so related material is
located easily
43
45. Documentation
Software Tools
– Graphics modeling software
– Personal information managers
• Personal information manager (PIM)
• Handheld computers
• Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
– Wireless communication devices
45
46. Preview of Data and Process
Modeling
At the conclusion of requirements modeling,
systems developers should have clear
understanding of business processes and system
requirements
The next step is to model the logical design of the
system
46
47. Chapter Summary
The systems analysis phase includes three
activities: requirements modeling, data and
process modeling, and consideration of
development strategies
The main objective is to understand the proposed
project, ensure that it will support business
requirements, and build a solid foundation for the
systems design phase
47
48. Chapter Summary
The fact-finding process includes interviewing,
document review, observation, questionnaires,
sampling, and research
Systems analysts should carefully record and
document factual information as it is collected,
and various software tools can help an analyst
visualize and describe an information system
Chapter 3 complete
48