This document discusses referencing and copyright. It explains that when using others' work like quotes, images or ideas, you must credit the original author through referencing. There are different referencing styles and you should check which one your department uses. Reference management software can help save and insert references. Images and media may have copyright restrictions on reuse so permission is needed or creative commons sources should be used. Proper referencing of images is also important. The library can provide help on referencing and finding copyright-friendly sources.

1. Library & Information Skills (Natural Sciences):
4. Referencing & Copyright
Vashti Zarach, Academic Support Librarian. CC BY-NC 3.0.

2. 1.Crediting
2.Referencing
3.Image copyright
Contents

3. An Afternoon in the Stacks
Closing the book, I find I have left my head
inside. It is dark in here, but the chapters open
their beautiful spaces and give a rustling sound,
words adjusting themselves to their meaning.
Long passages open at successive pages. An echo,
continuous from the title onward, hums
behind me. From in here the world looms,
a jungle redeemed by these linked sentences
carved out when an author traveled and a reader
kept the way open. When this book ends
I will pull it inside-out like a sock
and throw it back in the library. But the rumor
of it will haunt all that follows in my life.
A candleflame in Tibet leans when I move.
William Stafford (The Way It Is: New and Selected Poems. Graywolf Press, 1998.)
1. Crediting
Pic: V. Zarach.
Shankland Room sunlight.
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

4. On the previous slide, there is a poem and a picture.
It is pretty much taken for granted in academia that you “credit” i.e.
reference words. If you quote some words from a book you have a
read, you cite the book and the author.
It is far less understood that, depending on copyright permissions,
you may also need to credit the author of a picture, and can only use
a picture, graph, etc if copyright allows.
Crediting

5. Referencing enables you to show what you have read, and where you
have sourced the ideas and quotes in your essays and research. It
also enables people conducting similar research to find your sources.
Whether using your own words, or quoting someone else, if the ideas
or words come from a specific source, you will need to cite the
author/s and date of the source in text and at the end of your essay.
“Academic study involves not just presenting and describing ideas,
but also being aware of where they came from, who developed
them, why and when.” (Neville, p.8).
Neville, C. 2010. The complete guide to referencing and avoiding plagiarism.
Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill.
2. Referencing

6. There are many different referencing styles, and a variety are used
across Bangor University. Always consult your School or tutor to
confirm which referencing style you should use, and which version of
it they recommend you use.
For example, Harvard is a common referencing style, but there are
slightly different versions of it in various online sources and reference
management systems.
As tutors will be marking your referencing, it is essential to ensure
you are following the guidelines they prefer.
Referencing styles

7. Reference management software simply means a tool which enable
to save your references (details of books, articles, etc) and then
upload the references into essays and create reference lists.
There are various free tools online such as Mendeley, which is very
user friendly: https://www.mendeley.com/home/.
The university also buys Refworks: https://www.refworks.com/.
There is a help guide here: https://
www.bangor.ac.uk/library/help/documents/Refworks-26-November-20
.
Reference management software

8. Images, film clips, sound clips, figures, graphs and so forth are subject
to copyright restrictions, and may not be reused without permission.
If there is no copyright permission attached to something, you may
not use it (unless you obtain the copyright owner’s permission).
The library can give more advice, and there are places online to find
copyright free or creative commons licensed resources. The six
creative commons licenses specify how you can reuse an image (e.g.
in any way, with a citation; only for non commercial purposes, etc):
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/.
You may wish to use your own images, in which case state that they
are your photos / images, and attach a creative commons license.
3. Image Copyright

9. Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/
(search for a keyword, then click on the any license dropdown and
select All Creative Commons)
Google images: https://images.google.co.uk/
(search for a keyword, then click on Search Tools, click Usage Rights,
and Labeled for Reuse, check individual image to be sure reusable).
Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/
Wikimedia Commons:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Useful Image Sites

10. There is no standardised way of referencing images, but there are a
range of online sources which give guidance.
You may wish to cite the author, the title of the image, the source of
the image, and the date you accessed the image.
e.g. Smith, P. Apple slices. Online at:
http://www.freeimages.appleslices.com. Accessed: 17th
Oct 2016.
Referencing Images

11. Library Contact Details:
Tel: 01248 382981
Email: library@bangor.ac.uk
Or use live chat via library website or catalogue, Mon-Fri, 9-4
Social Media:
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/bangorunilib/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/BangorUniLib
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bangorunilib/
Photos by V. Zarach.
6. Contact Details