The document discusses standard infection control precautions including safe management of body fluids, waste disposal, and prevention of occupational exposure. It outlines 10 key elements of infection control such as patient assessment, hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, cleaning and disinfection of equipment and environment, and safe disposal of waste including sharps. Specific guidelines are provided for proper handling of blood and body fluid spillages, segregating and disposing of different categories of waste, safely disposing of sharps in puncture-proof containers, and first aid measures for sharps injuries. The importance of occupational health and safety measures to minimize risk of exposure for healthcare workers is also highlighted.

1. INFECTION PREVENTION AND
CONTROL (IPC)
LECTURE III
Standard Infection Control Precautions (SICPs)
By
Dr. Mohammed Salah
Microbiology and Immunology Department
Mail: mohammed_salah@Azhar.edu.eg
Office: B19
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2. Standard Infection Control Precautions (SICPs)
elements
1. Patient Placement/Assessment Of Infection Risk
2. Hand Hygiene
3. Respiratory And Cough Hygiene
4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
5. Safe Management Of The Care Environment
6. Safe Management Of Care Equipment
7. Safe Management Of Healthcare Linen
8. Safe Management Of Blood And Body Fluids
9. Safe Disposal Of Waste (Including Sharps)
10. Occupational Safety/Managing Prevention Of Exposure (Including Sharps)
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3.  8. Safe management of body fluid spillages
►Body fluids include:
☺Blood
☺Vomit
☺Sputum
☺Faeces and Urine
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►Spillages of blood and other body fluids may
transmit blood borne viruses such as Hepatitis
B and other.

4.  Important considerations:
1. Spillages must be treated immediately by
trained staff, to undertake this safely.
2. Responsibilities for the treatment of
blood/body fluid spills must be clear within
each area/care setting.
3. Appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE) should be worn and standard infection
control precautions followed.
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5.  The five main steps in a safe management of body
fluid spillages
1. Cordoon the spillage off
2. Assess the type of spillage
3. Collect the correct equipments
4. Protect yourself with PPE
5. Disinfect and clean
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6. Dealing with body fluids spillages
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►Disinfectant used:
1. Chlorine-based disinfection, e.g. Milton.
2. Hypochlorite tablets or granules can be used.

7. Dr. Mohammed Salah 7
►Method of disinfection
1. Protect the area
2. Clean hands and put on disposable apron and gloves (PPE)
3. Place solution or granules directly onto the spillage. Leave
for the required contact time 20 minutes..
4. Clear away the spillage and dispose of as infectious waste
(for blood spillage) / offensive waste (for non blood
spillage
Dealing with body fluids spillages

8. Dr. Mohammed Salah 8
►Method of disinfection (cont.)
5. With pH neutral detergent and warm water and disposable
cloth, clean the area, then leave to air dry or dry with
paper towels.
6. Dispose of cloth and paper towels as infectious waste /
offensive waste (for non blood spillage)
7. Wash, rinse and dry hands thoroughly to prevent the
transmission of infection
Dealing with body fluids spillages

9. Dealing with blood/blood stained spillages

10.  9. Safe disposal of waste (including sharps)
Biohazard:- Viable micro-
organisms or their toxins
Contains a biologically active
pharmaceutical agent
Contain a sharps & blades
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Hazard effects of healthcare (including clinical) waste:

11.  Categories of waste:
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12.  Safe disposal of waste (including sharps)
Important considerations:
Always dispose of waste:
a) immediately after used
b) close to the point of use as possible;
c) into the correct segregated colour approved
waste bag or container (rigid container or
sharps box if sharp)
d) liquid waste, e.g. blood must be rendered safe
by adding a polymer gel before placing in an
orange lidded leak proof bin
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13. e) waste bags must be no more than 3/4
full and use a ratchet tag/or tape (for
healthcare waste bags only) using a
‘swan neck’ to close.
f) store all waste in a designated, safe,
lockable area while awaiting uplift.
g) Items like used gloves, aprons, swabs,
dressings and other non-sharps that
are contaminated with blood and
bodily fluids will need segregation.
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14.  healthcare waste colour coding
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15. Dr. Mohammed Salah 15

16.  Safe management of sharps
What are sharps?
“Sharps' are needles, blades and other instruments that are used in healthcare
work and could cause an injury by cutting or pricking the skin.”
To make a safe handling of sharps:-
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17.  First aid in case of sharps injury
1. Encourage the wound to gently bleed, ideally
holding it under running water
2. Wash the wound using running water and plenty of
soap
3. Don't scrub the wound while you are washing it
4. Don't suck the wound
5. Dry the wound and cover it with a waterproof
plaster or dressing
6. Seek medical advice
7. Report the injury to your employer.
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18.  10. Occupational safety:
Prevention of exposure (including sharps injuries)
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 Occupational Hazards
are the problems that HCWs face due to their occupation
1. A percutaneous injury
e.g. injuries from needles, instruments, bone
fragments, or bites which break the skin; and/or
2. Exposure of broken skin
(abrasions, cuts, eczema, etc); and/or
3. Exposure of mucous membranes
including the eye from splashing of blood or other
high risk body fluids.

19.  10. Occupational safety:
Prevention of exposure (including sharps injuries)
Occupational health should aims to the promotion and maintenance of the
highest degree of physical, mental, and social well being of all HCWs
It includes:-
1. Follow arrangements for the safe use
and disposal of sharps;
2. provision of information and
training to employees;
3. investigations and actions required
in response to
work related sharps injuries
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