This document discusses infection prevention and control (IPC) in healthcare settings. IPC is a scientific approach to prevent harm from infections to patients and healthcare workers. The goals of IPC are to prevent the spread of infections between patients, patients and healthcare workers, and among healthcare workers. Routine IPC practices include hand hygiene, aseptic techniques, safe handling of sharps, single-use devices, sterilization and disinfection of equipment, appropriate antibiotic use, management of blood and body fluids, and proper medical waste disposal. Adhering to IPC practices is important to reduce infection rates in healthcare facilities and protect patients and staff.

1. INFECTION
PREVENTION AND
CONTROL
NABUKEERA SWALHA AND OCHEN HILARY K.

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• The concept of IPC
• Importance of IPC
• Goals of IPC
• Explain routine infection prevention practices.

4. WHAT IS INFECTION CONTROL AND
PREVENTION?
• A scientific approach and practical solution designed to
prevent harm caused by infection to patients and health
workers. (WHO,2018)

5. INTRO CNTD
It focuses on evidence –based practices and procedures that can
prevent or reduce the risk of transmission of organisms to;
▪ Health Care providers
▪ Patients
▪ Residents
▪ Visitors

6. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
• Infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in
Healthcare settings
• They lead to prolonged hospital stays. (In a private setting
Y£$)

7. COMPONENTS OF ICP
• Basic measures for infection control, i.e. standard and additional
precautions
• Education and training of health care workers
• Protection of health care workers, e.g. immunization
• Identification of hazards and minimizing risks.

8. GOALS
To prevent the spread of infections from;
✓Patient-patient
✓Patients to health care providers
✓Health care providers to patients
✓Health care providers to health care providers and to visitors
and others to the health care involvement

9. ROUTINE PRACTICE ESSENTIALS ICP
1. Aseptic techniques
2. Use of single use devices
3. Reprocessing of instruments and equipment
4. Anti-biotic usage
5. Management of blood/body fluid and exposure
6. Sound management of medical waste

10. 1. ASEPTICTECHNIQUES
• Aseptic techniques are methods by which contamination with
micro organisms is prevented
• Prevention of sepsis by the exclusion, destructions, or inhibition of
growth and multiplication of microorganisms from body tissues
and fluids.
These include; sterilisation, disinfection and decontamination

11. • Decontamination
-process or method by which all contaminating materials that
can cause diseases are removed

12. ROUTINE INFECTION PREVENTION
• Hand washing
• Universal precautions
• Safe handling of sharps

13. Hand washing
• Hand washing is the single most important
measure for the prevention of infection.
• Hand washing removes contamination and
decreases the natural bacterial load.

16. Safe handling of sharps
▪ Blood-borne infections are usually transmitted by injuries from
sharps i.e. needles
▪ Most injuries happen after use, before or during disposal.
Therefore,
▪ Do not recap needles.
▪ If recapping is necessary, use a one-handed method of
recapping.

17. 2. USE OF SINGLE USE DEVICES

18. 3. REPROCESSING OF INSTRUMENTS AND
EQUIPMENT
• Disinfection
-is a chemical or physical process of destroying all pathogenic
microorganisms except spore baring ones, used for inanimate
objects but not on skin
• Sterilisation
-a process by which all pathogenic and non pathogenic
microorganisms including spores are killed

19. Sterilization
Instruments must be cleaned first
Sterilize with steam autoclave or hot-air oven
Preferable over disinfection for “critical”
instruments

20. High-level disinfection
Chemical Solution: bleach 1:50
dilution
for 20 minutes, completely covered
(very corrosive to stainless steel)

22. Chapter 7 – 22
Antiseptics (effective for 20 Minutes !)
Suitable for:
Patient skin prep
Wound cleanser
Hand washing/surgical scrub
Examples:
isopropyl alcohol
chlorhexidine gluconate
iodine/iodophor

23. 4. ANTI-BIOTIC USAGE

24. 5. MANAGEMENT OF BLOOD/BODY FLUID AND
EXPOSURE
▪ Every patient is potentially infected with HIV or Hepatitis B or
another blood borne pathogen.
▪ Avoid contact with blood, body fluids, and any possibly
contaminated articles or surfaces.
Use of gloves is mandatory

26. 6. SOUND MANAGEMENT OF MEDICALWASTE

27. TAKE HOME
• Each health care provider should be familiar with
universal precautions to protect themselves, the woman,
and her family.
• To prevent infections, routine preventative practices must
be used in conjunction with the disinfection and
sterilization of instruments, use of antiseptics, and
disinfection of work area.

28. REFERENCES
• WHO Infection Prevention and Control 2018