Basic principles of infection control
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basic principle of infection control measures prepared by Dr.Anajalatchi ,HOD for Community health nursing
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Transmission based precautions (TBP) by Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
This document discusses transmission-based precautions for preventing the spread of infectious diseases. It describes three main types of precautions - contact, droplet, and airborne - based on the route of transmission.
Contact precautions are used for diseases spread through direct or indirect contact and include practices like wearing gloves and gowns. Droplet precautions are used for diseases transmitted through respiratory droplets within 1 meter and include wearing a surgical mask. Airborne precautions are used for diseases transmitted through small particles that remain suspended in the air like tuberculosis, and require an N95 respirator mask and isolation in a negative pressure room. The document outlines the specific protective measures needed for each precaution type.
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Hospital Infection Control
The document discusses hospital-associated infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections. It defines HAIs as infections that patients acquire during treatment in a hospital setting. The document outlines some key points about HAIs, including that they account for significant illness and death worldwide. It also discusses factors that contribute to HAIs spreading in hospitals, such as host susceptibility, infectious agents, and environmental conditions. Finally, it provides recommendations for preventing HAIs, such as implementing infection control committees, surveillance systems, proper sterilization and hygiene practices, and isolating infected patients.
Hospital acquired infection and its prevention
Hospital acquired infections: The different common sources of infection, their routes of spread and the growing antimicrobial resistance. Also includes a discussion on hospital Infection prevention and control guidelines and the universal and standard precautions.
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Hospital acquired infections, also known as nosocomial infections, are infections that patients acquire during the course of receiving treatment for other conditions within a healthcare setting. These infections can spread through direct contact or indirectly through hands, equipment, and the environment. Standard precautions like proper hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment are important for preventing the transmission of infections between patients and staff. Additional precautions tailored to specific infection types may also be implemented, such as isolating patients, wearing protective masks, and limiting movement. Regular surveillance and adherence to infection control guidelines and manuals are necessary to effectively reduce hospital acquired infections.
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The document discusses biomedical waste management. It begins by noting the rapid increase in hospitals and disposable products has led to more medical waste. Proper waste management is important for quality assurance and public health. The document then covers waste characteristics, legislation around management, categories of waste, health hazards of improper management, and strategies for proper segregation, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste.
universal precautions
Standard precautions are evidence-based practices designed to prevent transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. They are implemented to protect all patients and healthcare workers regardless of infection status. Standard precautions break the chain of infection through proper hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe handling of sharps and linens, appropriate disposal of biowaste, routine cleaning and disinfection of equipment and the environment, and precautions during patient care and resuscitation.
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Recommended
Transmission based precautions (TBP) by Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
This document discusses transmission-based precautions for preventing the spread of infectious diseases. It describes three main types of precautions - contact, droplet, and airborne - based on the route of transmission.
Contact precautions are used for diseases spread through direct or indirect contact and include practices like wearing gloves and gowns. Droplet precautions are used for diseases transmitted through respiratory droplets within 1 meter and include wearing a surgical mask. Airborne precautions are used for diseases transmitted through small particles that remain suspended in the air like tuberculosis, and require an N95 respirator mask and isolation in a negative pressure room. The document outlines the specific protective measures needed for each precaution type.
Infection control in operation room
The document outlines recommendations for infection prevention and control in the operating room, including maintaining sterile zones, following standard precautions like proper hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment, and CDC guidelines for preventing surgical site infections such as administering antimicrobial prophylaxis within 1 hour before incision. Risk factors for infection are classified and procedures for cleaning spills of blood and body fluids are described. Evaluation of infection control practices involves using checklists to monitor compliance and surveillance to identify infections and associated risk factors.
Hospital Infection Control
The document discusses hospital-associated infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections. It defines HAIs as infections that patients acquire during treatment in a hospital setting. The document outlines some key points about HAIs, including that they account for significant illness and death worldwide. It also discusses factors that contribute to HAIs spreading in hospitals, such as host susceptibility, infectious agents, and environmental conditions. Finally, it provides recommendations for preventing HAIs, such as implementing infection control committees, surveillance systems, proper sterilization and hygiene practices, and isolating infected patients.
Hospital acquired infection and its prevention
Hospital acquired infections: The different common sources of infection, their routes of spread and the growing antimicrobial resistance. Also includes a discussion on hospital Infection prevention and control guidelines and the universal and standard precautions.
Nosocomial infection
Hospital acquired infections, also known as nosocomial infections, are infections that patients acquire during the course of receiving treatment for other conditions within a healthcare setting. These infections can spread through direct contact or indirectly through hands, equipment, and the environment. Standard precautions like proper hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment are important for preventing the transmission of infections between patients and staff. Additional precautions tailored to specific infection types may also be implemented, such as isolating patients, wearing protective masks, and limiting movement. Regular surveillance and adherence to infection control guidelines and manuals are necessary to effectively reduce hospital acquired infections.
Biomedical waste management
The document discusses biomedical waste management. It begins by noting the rapid increase in hospitals and disposable products has led to more medical waste. Proper waste management is important for quality assurance and public health. The document then covers waste characteristics, legislation around management, categories of waste, health hazards of improper management, and strategies for proper segregation, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste.
universal precautions
Standard precautions are evidence-based practices designed to prevent transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. They are implemented to protect all patients and healthcare workers regardless of infection status. Standard precautions break the chain of infection through proper hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe handling of sharps and linens, appropriate disposal of biowaste, routine cleaning and disinfection of equipment and the environment, and precautions during patient care and resuscitation.
Nosocomial infection & control
Nosocomial infections (Hospital acquired infections): sources, microorganisms, mode of transmission, diagnosis and prevention. Hospital Infection Control Committee
Hospital infection control guidelines
1. Healthcare-associated infections are one of the most common complications of healthcare and can increase patient morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, and costs. Common healthcare infections include catheter-associated urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
2. Infections in hospitals can be transmitted via direct contact, airborne routes like coughing and sneezing, or ingestion of contaminated items. Standard precautions like hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and equipment are recommended to prevent transmission.
3. The hospital infection control committee is responsible for implementing infection control policies and programs. This includes surveillance of healthcare-associated infections, training of
Hospital acquired infections
The document discusses hospital acquired infections, also known as nosocomial infections. It defines nosocomial infections as infections acquired during or after hospitalization. It discusses the epidemiological interaction between host factors, infectious agents, and the hospital environment. It also summarizes common bacterial, viral, and fungal agents that cause nosocomial infections and how they are transmitted. Prevention and control methods like isolation precautions, hand hygiene, and surveillance programs are also outlined.
Hospital acquired infection presentation
Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are a major issue for patients and hospitals. Around 10% of hospital patients acquire an infection, costing twice as much to treat compared to patients without infections. Common HAIs include urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and surgical site infections. Proper hand hygiene and limiting unnecessary visits and procedures can help reduce the spread of infections. It is important for patients to be aware of infection risks and symptoms so they can advocate for their own care.
Nosocomial infections
Nosocomial infections, also known as hospital-acquired infections, are infections that patients acquire during a hospital stay that were not present at the time of admission. These infections can occur through contact with microorganisms from other patients, staff, or equipment in the hospital environment. A study across 55 hospitals in 14 countries found the overall rate of nosocomial infections to be 8.7%, with the highest rates in East Mediterranean and Southeast Asian countries. The major causes of nosocomial infections are imbalances between infectious agents, patient susceptibility as hosts, and environmental factors in healthcare settings.
Infection control
The document discusses infection control practices in hospitals, including how infections spread, standard and transmission-based precautions, environmental management, and methods for decontamination, sterilization, and disinfection. It provides details on the various disinfectants used in the hospital and guidelines for cleaning different equipment and environmental surfaces. The history and importance of infection control is also reviewed.
Asepsis
This document discusses asepsis, antisepsis, and sterilization techniques. It begins with definitions of asepsis as preventing contact with microorganisms and antisepsis as using chemical disinfectants. Next, it discusses the history starting with Louis Pasteur's germ theory of disease. It then focuses on Joseph Lister who pioneered antiseptic surgery through the use of carbolic acid. The document outlines proper surgical aseptic techniques including scrubbing, gowning, gloving, skin preparation, and draping. It emphasizes maintaining sterility in the operating room through limiting contamination sources and following strict protocols. Finally, it discusses optimizing the operation theatre structure and ventilation to establish different
Infection Control & Prevention
Pathogenic microorganisms proliferate and invade bodily tissue, causing tissue harm and disease.
The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites those are not normally present within the body.
An infection may cause no symptoms and be subclinical, or it may cause symptoms and be clinically apparent.
An infection may remain localized, or it may spread through the blood or lymphatic vessels to become systemic (body wide).
Microorganisms that live naturally in the body are not considered infections.
For example, bacteria that normally live within the mouth and intestine are not infections.
Infection prevention policies and practices are used in hospitals and other health care facilities to reduce the spread of infections.
Hand washing
This document discusses the importance of hand hygiene in healthcare settings. It states that healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) place a significant disease and economic burden on patients and healthcare systems. The document outlines that hand hygiene, including cleaning hands at the appropriate times and using the proper technique, can prevent the spread of infectious diseases and save lives. It recommends following the "My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene" approach and notes that compliance is still sub-optimal globally. The document emphasizes that hand hygiene, including washing with soap and water or using alcohol-based handrubs, is the most effective way to reduce infection rates when performed correctly and frequently by healthcare workers.
Surveillance of HAI
The presentation discusses healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and strategies for surveillance and prevention. It provides historical context on the development of germ theory and initiatives that reduced HAIs like hand hygiene. Surveillance is presented as important for establishing baselines, detecting outbreaks, and evaluating prevention efforts. Standardized surveillance allows for benchmarking while local adaptation considers unique situations. Both endogenous and exogenous sources of HAIs are noted. International research consortiums like INICC have found some HAIs higher in developing world ICUs despite similar device use.
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The document discusses infection prevention and control, including standard precautions and personal protective equipment. It defines infection, outlines the chain of infection and ways to break it, and describes various infection prevention strategies like hand hygiene, proper waste disposal, and use of masks, gloves, and other protective gear. Standard precautions aim to prevent transmission of pathogens and include practices like hand washing, gloving, gowning, and use of protective eyewear when exposed to bodily fluids.
Prevent Needlestick Injuries
This document discusses needlestick injuries and prevention strategies. It defines needlestick injuries as accidental skin punctures from medical sharps. Needlesticks can expose healthcare workers to bloodborne pathogens like HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. The document provides epidemiological data on needlestick injuries, discusses who is at risk, outlines steps to take if injured, and recommends multiple prevention strategies like safety devices, sharps disposal procedures, training, and vaccination.
Principles in Operation Theatre
This document discusses principles of operating theatre sterility and traffic flow. It describes the different zones of an operating theatre complex from the outer unrestricted zone to the sterile core. Strict adherence to sterile technique is required, including proper attire, scrubbing, gowning and gloving procedures. Microbiological monitoring and sterilization methods like formaldehyde fumigation help maintain sterility. A surgical safety checklist is also outlined.
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Concepts of infection control
This document discusses key concepts of infection control, including definitions of infection and colonization. It notes that healthcare-associated infections are a major problem, with higher rates in developing countries. Factors influencing infection risk include microbial agents, patient susceptibility, and environmental factors. The document outlines standard and transmission-based precautions to prevent infection spread. It emphasizes hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and cleaning and disinfection as core infection control measures.
Hand Hygiene..
Ignaz Semmelweis discovered that handwashing with antiseptic solutions could prevent the spread of disease between patients. He observed that women giving birth in clinics where doctors examined corpses first without washing hands had a higher rate of puerperal fever than clinics where this did not occur. Proper hand hygiene, including washing with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rub, is important in medical settings to remove pathogens and prevent transmission of infection between patients and staff. The World Health Organization recommends cleaning hands at five key moments: before touching a patient, before clean procedures, after risk of body fluid exposure, after touching a patient, and after contact with patient surroundings.
2. hospital acquired infections
Hospital acquired infections, also known as nosocomial infections, can be contracted by patients or staff while receiving care in a hospital setting. They are usually caused by failure to follow aseptic techniques during procedures like surgery, IV insertion, or wound care. Patients, staff, and the hospital environment can all be sources of infection. Common routes of transmission include direct contact, droplets, contaminated equipment, and aerosols. Prevention strategies include isolating infectious patients, practicing good hand hygiene, wearing proper PPE, and thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting or sterilizing equipment between uses.
Infection control
The document discusses infection control and sterilization in dentistry. It outlines the objectives of infection control as removing or destroying microorganisms to prevent contamination and infection. It describes universal precautions for treating all patients as potentially infectious and discusses personal protective equipment like gloves, masks, and protective eyewear to act as barriers against transmission of infection. It also covers sterilization methods for destroying all microorganisms, as well as disinfection for reducing pathogenic microorganisms.
Biomedical waste
The document discusses bio-medical waste, its types and sources, health impacts, and management. It defines bio-medical waste as waste generated during diagnosis, treatment or testing of humans or animals. The major types are infectious, pathological, sharps, chemical, pharmaceutical, genotoxic, and radioactive waste. Hospitals and clinics are the main sources. Improper disposal can spread infections and contaminate water/air. Proper management includes segregation, collection, storage, transportation, and treatment usually by incineration, autoclaving or chemical treatment. Lack of awareness, training, funds and safety practices can lead to management failures.
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Hospital infection control guidelines
1. Healthcare-associated infections are one of the most common complications of healthcare and can increase patient morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, and costs. Common healthcare infections include catheter-associated urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
2. Infections in hospitals can be transmitted via direct contact, airborne routes like coughing and sneezing, or ingestion of contaminated items. Standard precautions like hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and equipment are recommended to prevent transmission.
3. The hospital infection control committee is responsible for implementing infection control policies and programs. This includes surveillance of healthcare-associated infections, training of
Hospital acquired infections
The document discusses hospital acquired infections, also known as nosocomial infections. It defines nosocomial infections as infections acquired during or after hospitalization. It discusses the epidemiological interaction between host factors, infectious agents, and the hospital environment. It also summarizes common bacterial, viral, and fungal agents that cause nosocomial infections and how they are transmitted. Prevention and control methods like isolation precautions, hand hygiene, and surveillance programs are also outlined.
Hospital acquired infection presentation
Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are a major issue for patients and hospitals. Around 10% of hospital patients acquire an infection, costing twice as much to treat compared to patients without infections. Common HAIs include urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and surgical site infections. Proper hand hygiene and limiting unnecessary visits and procedures can help reduce the spread of infections. It is important for patients to be aware of infection risks and symptoms so they can advocate for their own care.
Nosocomial infections
Nosocomial infections, also known as hospital-acquired infections, are infections that patients acquire during a hospital stay that were not present at the time of admission. These infections can occur through contact with microorganisms from other patients, staff, or equipment in the hospital environment. A study across 55 hospitals in 14 countries found the overall rate of nosocomial infections to be 8.7%, with the highest rates in East Mediterranean and Southeast Asian countries. The major causes of nosocomial infections are imbalances between infectious agents, patient susceptibility as hosts, and environmental factors in healthcare settings.
Infection control
The document discusses infection control practices in hospitals, including how infections spread, standard and transmission-based precautions, environmental management, and methods for decontamination, sterilization, and disinfection. It provides details on the various disinfectants used in the hospital and guidelines for cleaning different equipment and environmental surfaces. The history and importance of infection control is also reviewed.
Asepsis
This document discusses asepsis, antisepsis, and sterilization techniques. It begins with definitions of asepsis as preventing contact with microorganisms and antisepsis as using chemical disinfectants. Next, it discusses the history starting with Louis Pasteur's germ theory of disease. It then focuses on Joseph Lister who pioneered antiseptic surgery through the use of carbolic acid. The document outlines proper surgical aseptic techniques including scrubbing, gowning, gloving, skin preparation, and draping. It emphasizes maintaining sterility in the operating room through limiting contamination sources and following strict protocols. Finally, it discusses optimizing the operation theatre structure and ventilation to establish different
Infection Control & Prevention
Pathogenic microorganisms proliferate and invade bodily tissue, causing tissue harm and disease.
The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites those are not normally present within the body.
An infection may cause no symptoms and be subclinical, or it may cause symptoms and be clinically apparent.
An infection may remain localized, or it may spread through the blood or lymphatic vessels to become systemic (body wide).
Microorganisms that live naturally in the body are not considered infections.
For example, bacteria that normally live within the mouth and intestine are not infections.
Infection prevention policies and practices are used in hospitals and other health care facilities to reduce the spread of infections.
Hand washing
This document discusses the importance of hand hygiene in healthcare settings. It states that healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) place a significant disease and economic burden on patients and healthcare systems. The document outlines that hand hygiene, including cleaning hands at the appropriate times and using the proper technique, can prevent the spread of infectious diseases and save lives. It recommends following the "My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene" approach and notes that compliance is still sub-optimal globally. The document emphasizes that hand hygiene, including washing with soap and water or using alcohol-based handrubs, is the most effective way to reduce infection rates when performed correctly and frequently by healthcare workers.
Surveillance of HAI
The presentation discusses healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and strategies for surveillance and prevention. It provides historical context on the development of germ theory and initiatives that reduced HAIs like hand hygiene. Surveillance is presented as important for establishing baselines, detecting outbreaks, and evaluating prevention efforts. Standardized surveillance allows for benchmarking while local adaptation considers unique situations. Both endogenous and exogenous sources of HAIs are noted. International research consortiums like INICC have found some HAIs higher in developing world ICUs despite similar device use.
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The document discusses infection prevention and control, including standard precautions and personal protective equipment. It defines infection, outlines the chain of infection and ways to break it, and describes various infection prevention strategies like hand hygiene, proper waste disposal, and use of masks, gloves, and other protective gear. Standard precautions aim to prevent transmission of pathogens and include practices like hand washing, gloving, gowning, and use of protective eyewear when exposed to bodily fluids.
Prevent Needlestick Injuries
This document discusses needlestick injuries and prevention strategies. It defines needlestick injuries as accidental skin punctures from medical sharps. Needlesticks can expose healthcare workers to bloodborne pathogens like HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. The document provides epidemiological data on needlestick injuries, discusses who is at risk, outlines steps to take if injured, and recommends multiple prevention strategies like safety devices, sharps disposal procedures, training, and vaccination.
Principles in Operation Theatre
This document discusses principles of operating theatre sterility and traffic flow. It describes the different zones of an operating theatre complex from the outer unrestricted zone to the sterile core. Strict adherence to sterile technique is required, including proper attire, scrubbing, gowning and gloving procedures. Microbiological monitoring and sterilization methods like formaldehyde fumigation help maintain sterility. A surgical safety checklist is also outlined.
Infection Prevention and Control in Hospitals by Dr Dele
Infection prevention and control is everybody's business! It is an essential, though often under-recognised and under supported part of the infrastructure of health care. However it saves lives and prevents avoidable morbidity and mortality. This presentation highlights the importance and the practical components of infection prevention and control in the hospital setting.
Concepts of infection control
This document discusses key concepts of infection control, including definitions of infection and colonization. It notes that healthcare-associated infections are a major problem, with higher rates in developing countries. Factors influencing infection risk include microbial agents, patient susceptibility, and environmental factors. The document outlines standard and transmission-based precautions to prevent infection spread. It emphasizes hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and cleaning and disinfection as core infection control measures.
Hand Hygiene..
Ignaz Semmelweis discovered that handwashing with antiseptic solutions could prevent the spread of disease between patients. He observed that women giving birth in clinics where doctors examined corpses first without washing hands had a higher rate of puerperal fever than clinics where this did not occur. Proper hand hygiene, including washing with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rub, is important in medical settings to remove pathogens and prevent transmission of infection between patients and staff. The World Health Organization recommends cleaning hands at five key moments: before touching a patient, before clean procedures, after risk of body fluid exposure, after touching a patient, and after contact with patient surroundings.
2. hospital acquired infections
Hospital acquired infections, also known as nosocomial infections, can be contracted by patients or staff while receiving care in a hospital setting. They are usually caused by failure to follow aseptic techniques during procedures like surgery, IV insertion, or wound care. Patients, staff, and the hospital environment can all be sources of infection. Common routes of transmission include direct contact, droplets, contaminated equipment, and aerosols. Prevention strategies include isolating infectious patients, practicing good hand hygiene, wearing proper PPE, and thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting or sterilizing equipment between uses.
Infection control
The document discusses infection control and sterilization in dentistry. It outlines the objectives of infection control as removing or destroying microorganisms to prevent contamination and infection. It describes universal precautions for treating all patients as potentially infectious and discusses personal protective equipment like gloves, masks, and protective eyewear to act as barriers against transmission of infection. It also covers sterilization methods for destroying all microorganisms, as well as disinfection for reducing pathogenic microorganisms.
Biomedical waste
The document discusses bio-medical waste, its types and sources, health impacts, and management. It defines bio-medical waste as waste generated during diagnosis, treatment or testing of humans or animals. The major types are infectious, pathological, sharps, chemical, pharmaceutical, genotoxic, and radioactive waste. Hospitals and clinics are the main sources. Improper disposal can spread infections and contaminate water/air. Proper management includes segregation, collection, storage, transportation, and treatment usually by incineration, autoclaving or chemical treatment. Lack of awareness, training, funds and safety practices can lead to management failures.
Infection Control Bundles
Bundle is Structure way of Improving Process of Care and Patient Outcome To improve patients outcome
Sterilization & Disinfection
This document discusses sterilization and disinfection methods. It defines key terms like sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis. It describes various physical and chemical methods for sterilization and disinfection like heat, chemicals, filtration and radiation. It discusses factors that influence method choice like intended use, risk of infection and degree of soilage. Methods are classified based on the level of sterility/disinfection needed. Monitoring methods like biological indicators are also outlined. Specific perspectives from dentistry are provided.
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The nursing department at ELMCH in Lucknow, India organized events to celebrate World Glaucoma Day 2023. Nursing students and faculty raised awareness about glaucoma through presentations, posters, and role plays for patients in wards and clinics. The goal was to educate about glaucoma's incidence, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. World Glaucoma Week from March 12-18 aims to spread understanding of early glaucoma detection, as early detection improves treatment outcomes and prevents blindness from this irreversible disease.
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The nursing department at ELMCH in Lucknow, India organized activities to celebrate World Tuberculosis Day 2023 with the theme "Yes! We can end TB!". Nursing students and faculty raised awareness about TB through charts, posters, presentations and role plays for patients in wards and the outpatient department. The goal of World TB Day 2023 is to promote leadership and investments to accelerate recommendations, innovations, and multi-sectoral cooperation to end the TB epidemic. Tuberculosis is a treatable lung disease that spreads through the air and the day aims to increase awareness.
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The document summarizes the events held from May 6-12 to celebrate International Nurses Week at ELMCH Era University. Various competitions were held including slogan, poster, essay writing, rangoli, painting, nursing care plan presentations. Winners were recognized in each category, with first place going to Reeta TBC for painting/slogan, Pushpa kanchan's team from NICU for the essay competition, and Shilpi Yadav from TBC for the rangoli competition. The celebration concluded on May 12th with ward competitions recognizing top performing wards.
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- 1. Basic principles of infection control
- 3. Hand washing
- 4. Hand washing
- 5. gloves
- 6. gowning
- 12. PPE
- 14. PPE
- 15. PPE
- 16. PPE
- 17. PPE
- 18. DISINFECTANTS
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- 23. autoclave
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- 26. PPE
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