The document discusses infection control processes in modern hospitals. It outlines key principles for effective infection control, including that measurement and feedback impact compliance, and active interventions are required to change compliance. Ignoring these principles can result in suboptimal patient safety and care. The document also notes that while guidelines exist from organizations like the CDC and WHO, there is still controversy around whether meticulous surveillance alone can increase adherence to best practices and reduce hospital-acquired infections.

1. Infection Control in Modern Hospitals
definitions, surveillance and practice
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
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2. WHAT IS
Process of
Care
• Process of care refers to an
evidence based action or
intervention performed during
the delivery of patient care.
Process of care measures reflect
a healthcare facilities' ability to
execute and comply with
recommended best patient care
practices.
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3. WHAT IS
Infection control
process
• Infection control process
measures provide
actionable and
measurable indicators
for performance
improvement, and
provide opportunities to
reduce risk healthcare
associated infections
(HAIs).
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4. IMPORTANCE
OF infection
control process
• Healthcare facilities
use infection control
process measures to
improve quality of
care and to
implement risk
reduction
interventions and
reduce hospital
acquired infections
(HAIs)
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7. Key principles
related to process of
care measures are:
• Measurement and
feedback impact
compliance
•Active
interventions are
required to
produce a change
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9. What process of care
principles are necessary for
effective infection control?
• Key principles related to
process of care measures
are:
• Measurement and
feedback impact
compliance
• Active interventions are
required to produce a
change in compliance
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10. Key principles related to
process of care
measures are:
•Different feedback strategies
may lead to distinctively
different outcomes
•Measuring the benefit seen
by the improvement in the
process can result in
improved HAI rates
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11. Need for feed back
on Infection matters
• Different feedback
strategies may lead
to distinctively
different outcomes
• Measuring the
benefit seen by the
improvement in the
process can result in
improved HAI rates
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12. What are the consequences of
ignoring key process of care
principles regarding infection
control?
• Noncompliance with
nationally recognized
guidelines (e.g., CDC's NHSN
Guidelines, AORN Standards,
etc.) with evidence based
recommended for infection
control practices (e.g., hand
hygiene, surgical antibiotic
prophylaxis, central venous
and urinary catheter
insertion and maintenance)
results in suboptimal patient
safety and clinical care.
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13. Current
Controversies
on Surveillance
• Controversy exists as to
whether meticulous
surveillance and feedback
of process of care measures
will fully increase
adherence to recommended
best practices and result in
a concomitant reduction or
eliminating HAIs.
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14. Applications of
Interventions
•Application
interventions from
observational
studies remain
controversial.
Potential biases in
the original clinical
outcome studies
are a concern.
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15. • Owing to the diversity
of both process of care
study designs and
populations, definitive
conclusions are
problematic and results
may not be generalized
to all patient
populations.
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16. What national and international guidelines exist for
process of care measures and infection control?
•The most significant International Guidelines that
include process of care measures for infection
control are written by the World Health
Organization (e.g., Practical Guidelines for
Infection Control in Health Care Facilities and
Hand Hygiene, etc.) and nationally the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s Hospital
Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
(HICPAC)
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17. Regulation on Hand Hygiene
• Guidelines for Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Facilities).
Professional organizations that have contributed
guidelines or position papers include: the Association of
Professional in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC),
the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America
(SHEA), the Surgical Infection Society (SIC), the Infectious
Disease Socity of America (IDSA), the Pediatric Infectious
Disease Society (PIDS), as well as governmental and
regulatory agencies including: the Centers for Medicare
and Medicaid (CMS),
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18. SAFETY
RECOMMENDATION BY
OSHA
• The Joint Commission (TJC),
and the Occupational Safety
and Health Organization
(OSHA) all with a focus on HAI
control and prevention use the
expertise of their members and
staff to develop and publish a
wide variety of useful
recommendations and
guidelines containing process
measures for infection control.
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19. WHY THE WORLD SWITICHING TO CDC
GUIDELINES ON HEALTH CARE SAFETY
• The CDC Guidelines and
Professional Societies' consensus
papers are developed from review
of the evidence-based literature,
and provide the basis on which
standards process of care
measures are used for developing
institutional healthcare policies
and procedures. The use of
process measures as performance
indicators has been proposed in
HICPAC CDC Guidelines.
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20. What are the consequences of ignoring
key process of care principles regarding
infection control?
• Noncompliance with
nationally recognized
guidelines (e.g., CDC's
NHSN Guidelines,
AORN Standards, etc.)
with evidence based
recommended for
infection control
practices (e.g., hand
hygiene, surgical
antibiotic prophylaxis,
central venous and
urinary catheter
insertion and
maintenance) results in
suboptimal patient
safety and clinical care.
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21. CLEAN HANDS SAVE THE LIVES
HAND WASHING THE BEST CHOICE TO SAVE
LIVES
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22. Infection
control
Role for
everyone
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23. References
• Hospital Infection Control Process of care measures and infection
control By Karen Hoffman
• Resources on Infection control CDC and WHO
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24. •Program File Created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD
as Educational Source on Health Care
related Infections
• Email.
•doctortvrao@gmail.com
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