This document summarizes a seminar on infection control and safety measures. It defines various types of infections and microorganisms commonly found in hospitals. It also identifies individuals at risk of infection and discusses the chain of infection. The document outlines the goals and importance of infection control programs. It describes standard precautions like hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, respiratory hygiene and safe injection practices that are part of infection control measures. It emphasizes the role of nurses in implementing infection control programs and standard safety measures to prevent the spread of infections.

1. SEMINAR ON
INFECTION CONTROL AND
SAFETY MEASURES
Prepared by-
Deepak Patel
M.Sc. Nursing 1st year

2. INTRODUCTION
• Infection is the one of the leading
causes of the preventable death in
hospitals every year. The center of
disease control and prevention
estimated that there are
approximately 2 million preventable
infections in the hospital every year,
leading to 90000 unnecessary
deaths.

3. DEFINITION OF
INFECTION
•An infection the entry
and multiplication of
an infectious agent in
tissues of host

4. TYPES OF INFECTION
1. Generalized or
systemic infection
2. Localized infection

5. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
OF INFECTION
1. Generalized or
systemic infection
2. Localized infection

6. CHAIN OF INFECTION

7. THE INFECTIOUS
PROCESS

8. COURSE OF INFECTION
BY STAGES
1. Incubation period
2. Prodromal stage
3. Illness stage
4. convalescene

9. INDIVIDUALS AT RISK
OF INFECTION
1. Medical staff
2. Clients
3. community

10. INFECTION RISK OR
PROBALITY
1. Immunity
2. Quantity of agent
3. Agent virulence
4. Duration of exposure

11. TYPES OF INFECTION
BASED ON SOURCE
1. Community acquired
infection
2. Hospital acquired
infection

12. DEFINITION OF HOSPITAL
ACQUIRED INFECTION
A hospital acquired infection is
usually one that first appeare
3 days after a patient is
admitted to a hospital or other
health facility

13. HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED
COMMON INFECTIONS
1. Urinary tract infections
2. Surgical wound infection
3. Respiratory tract infections
4. Catheter related blood
stream infections, etc

14. SOURCES OF HOSPITAL
ACQUIRED INFECTION
1. Endogenous
2. exogenous

15. RISK AREAS
1. Nurseries
2. ICU
3. Dialysis units
4. Transplant units
Continue…..

16. RISK AREAS
5. Emergency units
6. Oncology ward
7. Operation theatre
8. Delivery room
9. Post operative room

17. COMMON MICROORGANISMS
IN HOSPITAL/ICU
1. Staphylococcus aureus
2. Enterococcus
3. Pseudomonas
4. Klebsiella
5. E.coli
6. HIV
Continue…..

18. COMMON MICROORGANISMS
IN HOSPITAL/ICU
7. Hepatitis B
8. Hepatitis C
9. Cytomegalovirus
10. Candida
11. Protozoa
12. Mycobacterium

19. DEFINITION OF
INFECTION CONTROL

20. GOALS OF INFECTION
1. Immunization
2. Defining precausions
3. Restricting exposure
4. Protecting the patient and
medical staff
5. Reducing number of pathogens
6. Implementing high standard

21. IMPORTANCE OF
INFECTION CONTROL
1. Prevent post procedure infection
2. Provide High quality and safe services
3. Prevent infections in service providers
4. Protect the community
5. Prevent antibiotic resistance
6. Lower the cost of health care services

22. REGULATORY
AGENCIES

23. INFECTION CONTROL
PROGRAME
•Need for infection
control programs

24. FUNCTIONS OF INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAME
• Set relevant national objectives
• Develop and periodically update
guidelines
• Develop a national system for
monitoring
Continue…..

25. FUNCTIONS OF INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAME
• Harmonize initial and continue
training programs
• Facilitates access to materials of
hygiene and safety
• Encourage health care
establishments to monitor
nosocomial infections

26. COMPONETS OF INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAME
• Standard and additional precautions
• Education and training of health care
workers
• Protection of health care workers
(immunization)
• Identification of hazards and
minimizing risks Continue…..

27. COMPONETS OF INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAME
• Routine practices (asepsis)
• Effective work practices and procedures
• Surveillance
• Incident monitoring
• Outbreak investigation
• Infection control and specific situations
and
• research

28. ORGANIZATION OF AN INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAM
The hospital administrator/ head of
institute should-
• Establish an infection control
committee which will in turn
appoint an infection control team
• Provide adequate resources

29. INFECTION CONTROL
COMMITTEE
• Members
• functions

30. INFECTION CONTROL
TEAM
• Members
• functions

31. INFECTION CONTROL
MANUAL
• Containing rules, regulations
regarding patient care, waste
disposal and management,
instructions and practices

32. EDUCATION AND TRAING OF
HEALTH CARE STAFF
• Assess needs of the staff and
provide required training
• Organize regular training program
• Provide periodic re-training
• Review the effectiveness of
training

33. INFECTION CONTROL
MEASURES
BREAKING THE CHAIN OF
INFECTION

34. 1. CONTROL OR ELIMINATION
OF INFECTIOUS AGENT
• Cleaning
• Asepsis
• Disinfection
• Sterilization

35. 2. CONTROL OR ELIMINATION
OF RESSERVOIRS
• Employee health (immunization)
• Hospital environment
• Handling of linen
• Pest control
• Visitors control

36. 3. CONTROL OF PORTAL
OF EXIT
• Practice Aseptic precautions
• Using Personal protective
equipment's
• Careful handing of waste
• Coughing etiquette

37. 4. CONTROL OF
TRANSMISSION
• Contact precautions
• Droplet precautions
• Airborne precautions
• Vector control/Pest control
• Isolation
• hygienic cooking and handling of
food

38. 5. CONTROL OF PORTAL
OF ENTRY
• Maintain skin integrity
• Preventing injuries/Bed sores
• Maintain frequent oral hygiene
• Closed dressing to wound
• Ensure patient hygiene
• Periodic changing of catheters

39. 6. PROTECTING
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
• Encourage proper immunization
• Adequate nutrition
• Patient education
• Isolation / separate room
• Prophylactic antibiotics

40. STANDARD SAFETY
MESURES

41. DEFINITION OF STANDARD
SAFETY MEASURES
Set of practices designed to
prevent the transmission of
HIV, hepatitis B, and other
blood borne pathogens
(bacteria and viruses)
-CDC

42. STANDARD SAFETY
MEASURES / PRECAUTIONS
1. Hand hygiene
2. Personal protective equipment
3. Respiratory hygiene
4. Safe injection practice
5. Cleaning and disinfections
6. Safe handing of sharps
Continue…..

43. STANDARD SAFETY
MEASURES / PRECAUTIONS
7. Waste management
8. Linen or laundry management
9. Spill management
10. Pre and post prophylaxis
11. Immunization

44. 1. HAND HYGIENE

45. 2. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENTS

46. 3. RESPIRATORY HYGIENE

47. 4. SAFE INJECTION
PRACTICE

48. 5. CLEANING AND
DISINFECTION

49. 6. SAFE HANDLING OF
SHARPS

50. 7. WASTE MANAGEMENT

51. 8. LINEN OR LAUNDRY
MANAGEMENT

52. 9. SPILL MANAGEMENT

53. 10. PROPHYLAXIS

54. 11. IMMUNIZATION

55. ROLE OF NURSE