Enzymes are used as catalysts in many industrial applications where highly specific catalysts are needed. However, enzymes have limitations in the number of reactions they can catalyze and lack stability in some conditions. As a result, research aims to engineer new enzymes through rational design or directed evolution to create enzymes that catalyze novel reactions not found in nature. Some examples where enzymes are used industrially include food processing, brewing, dairy production, biofuels, detergents, and molecular biology.

1. Biology
Presented By:-
Hamail
Ghayam
Sohaib

2. Industrial Applications Of
Enzymes
• Enzymes are used in the chemical industry and other
industrial applications when extremely specific
catalysts are required. However, enzymes in general
are limited in the number of reactions they have
evolved to catalyze and also by their lack of stability in
organic solvents and at high temperatures. As a
consequence, protein engineering is an active area of
research and involves attempts to create new
enzymes with novel properties, either through rational
design or in vitro evolution. These efforts have begun
to be successful, and a few enzymes have now been
designed "from scratch" to catalyze reactions that do
not occur in nature.

3. Application-Enzymes-Used
1. Food Processing
2. Amylases from fungi and plants.
3. Production of sugars from starch, such as
in making high-fructose corn syrup. In
baking, catalyze breakdown of starch in
the flour to sugar. Yeast fermentation of
sugar produces the carbon dioxide that
raises the dough.

4. Application-Enzymes-Used
1. Baby Foods
2. Trypsin
3. To predigest baby foods

5. Application-Enzymes-Used
1. Brewing Industry
2. Enzymes from barley are released during
the mashing stage of beer production.
3. They degrade starch and proteins to
produce simple sugar, amino acids and
peptides that are used by yeast for
fermentation.

6. Application-Enzymes-Used
1. Fruit Juices
2. Cellulases & Pectinases
3. Clarify fruit juices.

7. Application-Enzymes-Used
1. Dairy Industry
2. Lipases
3. Is implemented during the production of
Roquefort cheese to enhance the
ripening of the blue-mold cheese.

8. Application-Enzymes-Used
1. Meat Tenderizers
2. Papain
3. To soften meat for cooking

9. Application-Enzymes-Used
1. Starch Industry
2. Amylases, Amyloglucosideases &
Glucoamylases
3. Converts starch into glucose and various
syrups.

10. Application-Enzymes-Used
1. Paper Industry
2. Amylases, Xylanases, Cellulases &
Ligninases
3. Degrade starch to lower viscosity, aiding
sizing and coating paper. Xylanases reduce
bleach required for decolorizing; cellulases
smooth fibers, enhance water drainage, and
promote ink removal; lipases reduce pitch
and lignin-degrading enzymes remove lignin
to soften paper.

11. Application-Enzymes-Used
1. Biofuel Industry
2. Cellulases
3. Used to break down cellulose into sugars
that can be fermented (see cellulosic
ethanol).

12. Application-Enzymes-Used
1. Biological Detergent
2. Primarily Proteases, produced in an
extracellular form from bacteria.
3. Used for presoak conditions and direct
liquid applications helping with removal of
protein stains from clothes.

13. Application-Enzymes-Used
1. Contact Lens Cleaners
2. Proteases
3. To remove proteins on contact lens to
prevent infections.

14. Application-Enzymes-Used
1. Rubber Industry
2. Catalase
3. To generate oxygen from peroxide to
convert latex into foam rubber.

15. Application-Enzymes-Used
1. Photographic Industry
2. Protease (Ficin)
3. Dissolve gelatin off scrap film, allowing
recovery of its silver content.

16. Application-Enzymes-Used
1. Molecular Biology
2. Restriction Enzymes, DNA Ligase &
Polymerases
3. Used to manipulate DNA in genetic
engineering, important in
pharmacology, agriculture and medicine.
Essential for restriction digestion and the
polymerase chain reaction. Molecular
biology is also important in forensic
science.