The Indian nationalist movement developed in response to the increasing British presence in India, as Indians began to feel a stronger sense of shared identity and unity in opposition to foreign rule. Key figures and organizations in the movement included the Indian National Congress, established in 1885, which was split between more moderate and more radical factions. Important leaders were Jawaharlal Nehru, who supported Gandhi and was imprisoned multiple times before becoming independent India's first Prime Minister, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who led the All India Muslim League and insisted on the creation of Pakistan upon independence.