Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a prominent politician and lawyer, known as 'Quaid-i Azam,' who played a crucial role in Pakistan's independence from India, becoming its first Governor-General. He was born on December 25, 1876, in Karachi, and started his political career in the Indian National Congress before joining the Muslim League, where he advocated for Hindu-Muslim unity and later championed the demand for a separate Muslim state, leading to the creation of Pakistan in 1947. Jinnah's health declined after the partition, and he passed away on September 11, 1948, from tuberculosis and lung cancer.

1. Muhammad
Ali Jinnah
Catrine Carina
Kartika Yana
Tsamara Alifia

2. Who is he?
 A politician, lawyer and
Pakistan’s first Governor-
General
 Known as ‘Quaid-I Azam’ or
‘Great Leader’
 He successfully campaigned
and led Pakistan’s
independent from India and
became its first leader.

3. Early Life
• Born on December 25, 1876, in
Karachi, Pakistan.
• His father was a prosperous Muslim
merchant named Jinnah Poonja.
• Went to Bombay, India, when he
was 11 years old, but sent back to
Karachi because of his habit of
cutting classes.
• He received his early education at
the Sindh Madrasah and later at the
Mission School, Karachi

5. Departure to England (1)
His father decided to send him to England to acquire
business experience. However, he made up his mind to
become a barrister.
Married at the age of 16 years old before he left India and
go to London. However, both of his mother and wife died
when he was in London.
He then continue his study at Bombay University and at
Lincoln's Inn in London. He completed his study in 2
years and became the youngest barrister of India.

6. Departure to England (2)
 While he was in England, he was terrified by the fact that
so many people from India became slave there and
treated poorly.
 He realized that there‟s a different of treatment between
the rulers and the ruled.
 However, he was inspired by Dadabhai Naoroji, who won
an election & became a member of British parliament.
 It was for the 1st time in the 50-year British rule in India
that an Indian was able to made a way to the British
parliament.

8. Early Career (1)
• He started his political life as
Dadabhai Naoroji‟s personal secretary.
• Jinnah joined the Indian National
Congress, the largest political
organization in India in 1896.
• At this time, his role model was Gopal
Khrishna Gokhale.
• In his early career, he helped a lot of
his Muslim workmates since at that
time, Muslim people were minority.

9. Early Career (2)
• On January 25, 1910, he was elected to the Imperial
Legislative Council.
• He and many people in the congress used to support the
Great Britain in his early career because they thought the
Great Britain will grant Indians political freedom.

10. Membership Of The Muslim League (1)
• The Muslim League was founded in 1906.
• At first, Jinnah didn‟t have any interest at all. However, he joined
the Muslim League in 1913 but without leaving the congress.
• In 1916, he became the president of the Muslim League.
• As a member of the Muslim League, Jinnah began to work for
Hindu-Muslim unity.

11. Membership of the Muslim League (2)
• Mohammad Ali Jinnah really tried to bring the Muslim League
and the Congress closer to each other.
• Jinnah also made an agreement between Indian National
Congress and Muslim league in December 1916 known as
Lucknow Pact
• The pact dealt both with the structure of the government of India
and with the relation of the Hindu & Muslim communities.
• His effort to get the pact approved made him to a title of
“Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity” from Mrs. Sarojini Naidu
(the congress leader).

12.  Jinnah married again with a
woman named Rattanbai Petit in
1918.
 Rattanbai‟s religion was parsi,
which was different with
Jinnah‟s. Many people didn‟t like
the marriage between persons of
two religions.
 When Rattanbai hit 18, she
converted into Muslim and
changed her name into Maryam.
 In 1919, Rattanbai bore a
daughter named Dina.

13. • By 1918, Mohandas Gandhi had become one of the main leaders
of the Congress Party.
• Jinnah and Gandhi had different mind. Gandhi wanted a non-
violent protest to gain independence, while Jinnah wanted
constitutional struggle to gain independence.
• Their different thoughts led Jinnah to leave the Congress party in
1920.
• At this time, Jinnah brought out a program to reduce the
differences between the Congress party and the Muslim League,
which was called as Jinnah‟s fourteen points.

14. Jinnah’s Fourteen Points
• Jinnah‟s fourteen points made it clear to Hindus and British
Government that Muslims wanted their own identity without
influence by Hindus
• The fourteen points of Jinnah were purpose as a constitutional reform
plan to protect the political rights of Muslims in India.
• His demands includes:
a) The government should be federal.
b) At least 1/3 of the central legislature will be Muslim.
c) Government should provide assistance and financial relief to
minorities so that they can fulfill their religious activities
d) There should be religious freedom to all the minorities of the
state.
e) Etc.

15. • However, his fourteen points
program didn‟t worked out because
the Congress party didn‟t accept it.
• Due to this, Jinnah‟s personal life
started to worsened. He was paying
too much attention to his work and
didn‟t pay attention to his family.
• His marriage didn‟t worked out, and
he got divorced in 1927.
• Not long after that, Rattanbai died
in 1929 due to a disease.

16. *Conflict between the Muslim League and Congress continued
throughout the 1930s.
*He thought the Hindu-Muslim Unity was possible, but the
conflict kept continuing and his thought was no longer
seemed realistic at that time.
*He had a thought that partition was necessary to safeguard
the rights of Indian Muslims.

17. *
*Also called as Tehrik-e-Pakistan.
*This movement was led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah,
and achieved success in 1947.
*A form of successful historical movement against
British and Indian to have an independent Muslim
state named Pakistan created from the separation of
the North-Western region of the Indian subcontinent.

18. Independence of
Pakistan
• Jinnah proposed the
partition of India and the
creation of Pakistan, in the
area where Muslims
constitute a majority (1940)
• In 1942 the Muslim League
adopted the Pakistan
Resolution to partition
India into states
• India was then divided into
three territories.
• The independent state of
Pakistan came to be on
August 14, 1947.
Territories:
1. Hindu Majority, makes
up present-day India.
2. A Muslim Area
(Northwest), Pakistan.
3. Made up of Bengal and
Assam, with a narrow
Muslim Majority

19. The British Movement
 Murder Muslims
 Snatch their properties
 Make bad economy
 Occupied on trade
 Drop the Muslims from the army

20. Two Nation Theory
• Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the founder of Two Nation Theory.
The word „two nation‟ was used for Hindus and Muslims after
being convinced of the Hindus and Congress hatred, hostility and
prejudice for the Muslims
• He tried to make the Muslims realise their differences with the
Hindus in religions, social and language, rational and
international identity
• To succeed this progress, he switched attention of the Indian
Muslims towards a new idea of “Two Nation” or “Two Entities”
• After the Hindu-Urdu controversy, he thought that it was
impossible for Hindus and Muslims to work as a single nation

21. Death
O Jinnah had been suffering from 1940s, but only his
close relatives knew about this.
O After the partition of India and the creation of
Pakistan, he became the governor general of Pakistan.
There are a lot of things he had to do. This made his
health got worsened.
O On 11 September 1948, Jinnah died from
Tuberculosis and lung cancer.

22. *
*Ahmed.A.S (1997), Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity, The NYTimes
(online). Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/a/ahmed-
jinnah.html (Assessed Date: 29 July 2013)
*(2013), Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Biography (online). Available
at:http://www.biography.com/people/muhammad-ali-jinnah-
9354710?page=4 (Assessed Date: 28 July 2013)
*(2013), Mohammad Ali Jinnah, BBC (online). Available
at:http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/jinnah_mohammad
_ali.shtml (Assessed Date: 29 July 2013)
*(2013), Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Biography (online). Available at:
http://www.biography.com/people/muhammad-ali-jinnah-
9354710?page=2 (Assessed Date: 28 July 2013)
*2013), Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Biography (online). Available
at:http://www.biography.com/people/muhammad-ali-jinnah-9354710
(Assessed Date: 29 July 2013)

23. Questions:
1. Who‟s Muhammad Ali Jinnah?
2. What does Quaid-I Azam stands
for?
3. Where did he received his early
education?
4. Why did Jinnah got inspired by
Dadabhai Naoroji?
5. When did he joined the Indian
National Congress?
6. Why did he and many people from
the Indian National Congress
supported the Great Britain back
then?
7. When did the Muslim League was
found, and when did Jinnah joined
it?
8. Who was the person who gave him
the title “Ambassador of Hindu-
Muslim Unity”?
9. Why did Jinnah left the Indian
National Congress?
10. Mention at least two of Jinnah‟s
fourteen points!
11. What was the cause of Jinnah‟s
death?