Impressionism began in the 19th century as artists painted outdoors to capture fleeting effects of light and color, influenced by photography, and Expressionism originated in Germany as a reaction to styles like naturalism that sought to distort reality and convey emotional experience rather than physical forms through vivid colors and compositions. Major Impressionist artists included Monet, Renoir, Degas, Cassatt, Pissarro and Sisley and Expressionist works aimed to provoke strong emotional responses.

1. Impressionism
and
Expressionism

2. Pierre - Auguste Renoir
Le Moulin de la Galette - 1876

3. • Impressionism was a 19th-century movement
that began as a loose association of Paris-
based artists whose independent exhibitions
brought them to prominence in the 1870s and
1880s.

4. • The name of the movement is derived from
the title of a Claude Monet work, Impression,
Sunrise (Impression, soleillevant), which
provoked the critic Louis Leroy to coin the
term in a satiric review published in Le
Charivari.

5. • They also took the act of painting out of the
studio and into the modern world. Previously,
still life’s and portraits as well as landscapes
had usually been painted indoors.

6. Pierre - Auguste Renoir
La Grenouillere – 1869

7. Characteristics of Impressionist
Paintings
• Radicals in their time, early Impressionists
broke the rules of academic painting.
• They began by giving colours, freely brushed,
primacy over line.

8. Mary Cassatt
Mrs. Cassatt reading to her grandchildren -1888

9. Characteristics of Impressionist
Paintings
• The Impressionists found that they could
capture the momentary and transient effects
of sunlight by painting en plein air. (outdoors)

10. Claude Monet
Haystacks at sunset, frosty weather 1891

11. • Painting realistic scenes of modern life, they
emphasized vivid overall effects rather than
details. They used short, "broken" brush
strokes of pure and unmixed colour, not
smoothly blended, as was customary, in order
to achieve the effect of intense colour
vibration.

12. Edgar Degas
The Pedicure - 1873

13. George Whistler
Nocturne: blue and silver –Chelsea - 1871

14. Characteristics of Impressionist
Paintings
• Open composition, emphasis on light in its
changing qualities
• The play of natural light is emphasized. Close
attention is paid to the reflection of colours
from object to object.
• The inclusion of movement as a crucial
element of human perception and experience,
and unusual visual angles

15. EdouardManet
Argenteuil -1874

16. The Impressionists relaxed the boundary
between subject and background so that the
effect of an Impressionist painting often
resembles a snapshot, a part of a larger reality
captured as if by chance.

17. Berthe Morisot
Eugene Manet and His daughter in the garden at Bougival -1881

18. • Photography was gaining popularity, and as
cameras became more portable, photographs
became more candid. Photography inspired
Impressionists to capture the moment, not
only in the fleeting lights of a landscape, but in
the day-to-day lives of people.

19. • The rise of the impressionist movement can
be seen in part as a reaction by artists to the
newly established medium of photography.
• The taking of fixed or still images challenged
painters by providing a new medium with
which to capture reality.

20. Whistler James
Nocturne in grey and gold: Chelsea snow - 1876

21. Impressionistic Painters
• Frédéric Bazille, (1841-1870)
• Gustave Caillebotte (who, younger than the others, joined forces with them in the mid 1870s),
(1848-1894)
• Mary Cassatt (American-born, she lived in Paris and participated in four Impressionist exhibitions),
(1844-1926)
• Paul Cézanne (although he later broke away from the Impressionists), (1839-1906)
• Edgar Degas (a realist who despised the term Impressionist, but is considered one, due to his
loyalty to the group), (1834-1917)
• Armand Guillaumin, (1841-1927)
• Édouard Manet (who did not regard himself as an Impressionist, but is generally considered one),
(1832-1883)
• Claude Monet (the most prolific of the Impressionists and the one who most clearly embodies their
aesthetic), [17] (1840-1926)
• Berthe Morisot, (1841-1895)
• Camille Pissarro, (1830-1903)
• Pierre-Auguste Renoir, (1841-1919)
• Alfred Sisley, (1839-1899)

22. Expressionism

23. • Expressionismwas a cultural movement
originating in Germany at the start of the
20th-centuryas a reaction to positivism and
other artistic movements such as naturalism
and impressionism.

24. • It sought to express the meaning of "being
alive” and emotional experience rather than
physical reality. It is the tendency of an artist
to distort reality for an emotional effect; it is a
subjective art form.

25. Edvard Munch
The Scream (1893)

26. Characteristics of Expressionist
Paintings
• Expressionism worked with arbitrary colors as
well as jarring compositions.
• In reaction and opposition to French
Impressionism which focused on rendering
the sheer visual appearance of objects,
Expressionist artists sought to capture
emotions and subjective interpretations:

27. Wassily Kandinsky
On White II - 1923

28. Characteristics of Expressionist
Paintings
• It was not important to reproduce an
aesthetically pleasing impression of the
artistic subject matter; the Expressionist's
focused on capturing vivid emotional
reactions through powerful colors and
dynamic compositions instead.

30. • Expressionistic style is present when the artist
or designer is seeking to evoke a maximum
emotional response from the viewer.

31. "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" a silent film by Robert Wiene, 1920

32. Realism

36. Witness
( Copying Vermeer)