This document discusses Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and their implementation in municipal water corporations in India. SCADA systems allow for remote monitoring and control of water distribution networks. They collect data from sensors, transmit it to a central control room, and enable control of infrastructure like pumps and valves. The document outlines the components of SCADA systems and how they can help address issues in Indian cities like water losses and equitable distribution. It provides examples of SCADA implementation improving monitoring of water quality and levels as well as generating management reports.

1. Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

2.  Cities represent 2% of the world’s surface area and hold more than
50% of its population
 Distribution losses(NRW/UFW) are estimated at 34% in Indian cities
(average)
 90% of wastewater in developing countries is discharged into rivers
and water bodies without treatment.
 India ranked 120thamong 122 countries in terms of quality of water
available to its citizens(2010)
 38 million Indians suffer from water borne diseases –resulting in
780,000 deaths annually

3. Utilizable water, demand, and available water
Source World bank report on Water in India

4. Municipal Corporation in India are facing with aging infrastructure
and negative operating budgets, serious water leakages, which
resulted in spending lakhs of rupees for the water going waste
Implementation of appropriate measures receiving the full
attention of the water industry, It has been exploring how
technology can contribute to these efforts.
Technology for such a system is nothing new. Many of them are in
operation, today, throughout the water industry. One of them is
SCADA system.

5. "SCADA" stands for “Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition”
It is the principal automated and integrated tool for State Public Works
Departments and Municipal Corporations in India to implement
remote monitoring for effective control
A SCADA system performs four functions:
 Data acquisition
 Networked data communication
 Data presentation
 Control

6. Major objectives of implementing SCADA System in Municipal Corporation
 To obtain real time hydraulic data at central location
 Centralized data analysis
 Nodal water supply analysis through trunk main metering
 Identifying root causes to non compliance to equitable distribution

8. These functions are performed by four kinds of SCADA components:
 Sensors
It is directly interface with the managed system
 Remote telemetry units (RTUs)
These are small computerized units deployed in the field at specific sites and locations.
RTUs serve as local collection points for gathering reports from sensors and delivering
commands to control relays
 SCADA master units
These are larger computer consoles that serve as the central processor for the SCADA
system. Master units provide a human interface to the system and automatically
regulate the managed system in response to sensor inputs
 The communications network
It connects the SCADA master unit to the RTUs in the field
SCADA SYSTEM COMPONENTS

9. SCADA SYSTEM COMPONENTS

11. Sensor measures water flowing into a reservoir (input), valve pressure as water
is released from the reservoir (output)

12. Functions of SCADA System
Networked Data Communication

13. Functions of SCADA System
Data Presentation
SCADA systems report to human operators over a master station, HMI (Human-Machine
Interface) or HCI (Human-Computer Interface).
SCADA master station has several different functions:
 continuously monitors all sensors and alerts the operator when there is an “alarm”
 presents a comprehensive view of the entire managed system,
 presents more detail in response to user requests
 performs data processing on information gathered from sensors
 maintains report logs and summarizes historical trends.

14. Functions of SCADA System
Controls

16. Features Of SCADA System
To capture real time hydraulic data and the level of ESRs/GSRs, various instruments such
as Ultrasonic multipath flow meters, Electromagnetic flow meters, Ultrasonic level
transmitters, Pressure transmitters, etc. are installed for
Capturing accurate velocity measurement through multiple velocity scanning through pipe
cross section
Online installation by hot tapping method, no need to water shut down
 In built data logger to store the data locally for 5 years
Wireless data transmission of flow records on GSM/GPRS to Central control room

17. IMPLEMENTING SECURITY MEASURES

18. IMPLEMENTING SITE SECURITY MEASURES
A pump station is an example of a vulnerable area in which an RTU is normally
present. Functions of the RTU are generally limited to pump control, using input
from flow or level sensors.
The figure below shows such an installation augmented with a highly informative
surveillance system that is resistant to concerted attempts to overcome security.

19. Secure SCADA System
SCADA systems very commonly employ measures such as back-up power systems,
redundancy, distributed workstations, password security and remote paging.
Redundancy is a common technique, especially for plant LAN's. Two, live networks are
used. If one is damaged, communication continues on the other.

20. SCADA at Water Treatment Plant

21. Changes after implementation of SCADA At Water Treatment Plan
 Continuous Monitoring Of water Quality parameters like Chlorine, PH &
turbidity made available. Data generated & Supervisory control via alarm
programming is done to maintain quality of water
 Installed &commissioned Accurate Multipath Flow meters to work
satisfactory at Limited straight run pipe conditions. Rate of Flow monitoring
which is real derivative to acknowledge clogged bed condition is utilized to
generate automatic BED WASH ALARM.

22. Changes after implementation of SCADA system at Elevated Storage
Reservoir (ESR)/ Ground Storage Reservoir (GSR)
 Continuous Monitoring Of water Quality parameters like Chlorine, Data
generated & Supervisory control via alarm programming is done to maintain
quality of water.
 Continuous Monitoring of ESR Level made possible by installing ultrasonic
level transmitters, Data generated & Supervisory control via alarm
programming is done to maintain quality of water

23. MIS reports generated through the SCADA system
SCADA system enables to generate MIS data for zone wise water distribution
for analysis and also helps further to provide equitable water distribution to
zones.
MIS reports generated daily and monthly basis which is shared with Executive
Engineer water supply on regular basis.
It was learnt that the billing for more than seventy thousand consumers are
being done effectively and timely due to Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)

24. Conclusion
Since SCADA systems exist in most water operations, they allow water companies to
leverage existing infrastructure and available resources.
The SCADA system is typically distributed throughout the entire operation. It should be
central to a water company's security and, at the same time, can provide the added
benefit of more efficient operation.
Practices typical in SCADA provide security for the system, itself:
· Backup power systems
· Redundant networks
· Distributed operator workstations
· Alarm system alerts operators to failures of SCADA components
· Typically private networks that are not accessible to the outside world
· Password security
· Dialup and paging
Furthermore, the value of the SCADA system can be enhanced if it incorporates
advanced capabilities, such as modelling and simulation.