This document discusses preimplantation genetic screening and diagnosis (PGS/PGD) which involves biopsy of embryos during in vitro fertilization to test for genetic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities. It notes that PGS can provide useful information on embryo quality in addition to morphology. Several biopsy techniques are mentioned including blastomere biopsy, trophectoderm biopsy, and PB biopsy. The benefits of PGS are debated but PGD is seen as a solid diagnostic tool. Ethical issues surrounding PGS/PGD are also noted. The document also discusses factors important for blastocyst implantation like LIF and the role of p53 in regulating LIF expression.
We are Leading IVF Clinic India offer IVF treatments with state of art facility and High Success rate. We are pioneering the field of Fertility Managment
Successful implantation requires
a receptive endometrium,
a normal embryo at the blastocyst developmental stage and
a synchronized dialogue between maternal and embryonic tissues
We are Leading IVF Clinic India offer IVF treatments with state of art facility and High Success rate. We are pioneering the field of Fertility Managment
Successful implantation requires
a receptive endometrium,
a normal embryo at the blastocyst developmental stage and
a synchronized dialogue between maternal and embryonic tissues
Mark Perloe, MD Atlanta, 404-843-2229 Learn about the factors that can adversely affect fertility and the tests that can help pinpoint problems. Fertility treatment options including IVF and other high tech options are presented.
This presentation consist brief introduction about the IVF (In-vitro fertilization) in humans.
There are more than 15 slides which gives you basic study about the history of IVF, causes of IVF, basic steps involved in IVF process, ethical issues and etc.
Hope it will help you and make you easy to understand the IVF.
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is a medical procedure used to address infertility issues.It involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), cryopreservation of gametes or embryos, and/or the use of fertility medication.
This slide has been prepared for educational purpose using various standard medical books. This is prepared by medical student and if any mistakes are there please comment.
Mark Perloe, MD Atlanta, 404-843-2229 Learn about the factors that can adversely affect fertility and the tests that can help pinpoint problems. Fertility treatment options including IVF and other high tech options are presented.
This presentation consist brief introduction about the IVF (In-vitro fertilization) in humans.
There are more than 15 slides which gives you basic study about the history of IVF, causes of IVF, basic steps involved in IVF process, ethical issues and etc.
Hope it will help you and make you easy to understand the IVF.
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is a medical procedure used to address infertility issues.It involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), cryopreservation of gametes or embryos, and/or the use of fertility medication.
This slide has been prepared for educational purpose using various standard medical books. This is prepared by medical student and if any mistakes are there please comment.
Fragile X associated primary ovarian insufficiency
Fragile X associated decreased ovarian reserve
Fragile X syndrome and reproduction
evidence based
Dr.Anu.M - Mch Resident - Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery
“Inheritance” in images, from Darwin’s “tree of life” to DNA’s iconic crystallography to the epigenetic dynamics However, the script needs to be interpreted and receives meaning only from the interplay with the environment
Luteal phase insufficiency is one of the most important aspect of fertility treatment . But due to lack of proper understanding many unwanted medications are prescribed . This ppt will give an idea on the best evidence based luteal phase support for an ivf cycle.
'GENETICS OF MALE & FEMALE INFERTILITY.pptxRahul Sen
This presentation briefs about an important aspect of infertility which deals about genes and its occurrence in future progeny. Genetics of Male & Female infertility which is not always discussed usually until unless a couple doesn't exhibit pregnancy losses or a major cause of infertility. lets read about Genetics of male and female infertility. Happy Reading <3
PGD is a state-of-the-art procedure used in conjunction with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in which the embryo is tested for certain conditions prior to being placed in the womb of the woman.
Includes physiological skin changes in pregnancy, specific dermatoses such as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy - PUPP), pemphigoid gestationalis and atopic eruption of pregnancy, as well as non-specific dermatoses ranging from infections, infestations, inflammations and immune disorders.
Powerpoint made by Dr. Jerriton, second year MD post graduate in DVL, SVMC, Pondy.
Newer Modalities for Semen Testing | Male Infertility | Seeds Of InnocenceSOI Delhi
Male Infertility is a inability that causes pregnancy in a female fertile. Male infertility is commonly due to Low sperm Count. Soi provides best male infertility treatment in delhi, ghaziabad - India. For more information call us 9810350512
Diverse and heritable lineage imprinting of early
haematopoietic progenitors
Shalin H. Naik1{, Leı¨la Perie´1,2, Erwin Swart1, Carmen Gerlach1, Nienke van Rooij1, Rob J. de Boer2 & Ton N. Schumacher1
AMPK Protects Leukemia-Initiating Cells in Myeloid Leukemias from Metabolic S...Michael M
AMPK Protects Leukemia-Initiating Cells
in Myeloid Leukemias from Metabolic
Stress in the Bone Marrow
Yusuke Saito, Richard H. Chapple,
Angelique Lin, Ayumi Kitano, Daisuke
Nakada
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
12. Summary
• To date, PGS is the only commonly available testing procedure that can provide
useful information on embryo quality, in addition to morphology.
• The technical execution of biopsy requires a high level of training. The technique
includes PB biopsy, blastomere biopsy and trophectoderm cells from blastocyst
biopsy.
• The benefit of PGS has been strongly debated. However, PGD is a solid diagnostic
tool.
• Technological improvements, such as the use of microarrays are developed.
• Ethical issues should be considered.
13. Blastocyst Implantation Essential
Factors (BIEFs)
The blastocyst implantation essential factors (BIEFs) are a collective name
given to the molecules that are indispensable for successful implantation of a
mature and healthy blastocyst.
Paracrine, juxtacrine or autocrine
mechanisms.
Expressed in the luminal epithelium in the
entire uterus during the receptive state.
Estrogen, estrogen receptor a (ERa),
progesterone and its receptor (PR), Hoxa-10,
and amphiregulin…
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-
like growth factor (HB-EGF), epiregulin
and amphiregulin…
Systemic vs. Local BIEFs
Koji Yoshinaga 2010
14. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)
• LIF is an interleukin 6 class cytokine that affects cell growth by inhibiting
differentiation.
• High LIF expression is an indicator of a receptive endometrium in fertile
women.
• In the LIF-null mice, the luminal epithelial surface fails to produce
pinopods, thus LIF appears to play an important role in the loss of polarity
that occurs in the receptive luminal epithelial cells.
15. p53 regulates LIF expression
LIF was identified as a potential p53 target gene with a putative p53-binding
element in intron 1 of both mouse and human LIF genes.
- Day 0
- Day 4
Wenwei Hu et. al. 2007
16. Administration of LIF (day 4) to
pregnant p53 -/- mice restores
maternal reproduction by
improving implantation.
Wenwei Hu et. al. 2007
Day 5
Day 7
Clinical study
???
17. N – normal
M – treated with
mifepristone
A – acupuncture
treatment
P – progestin
treatment
Immunohistochemical protein levels
