This document discusses assisted reproduction and infertility. It defines assisted reproduction as treatments that involve handling eggs, sperm, or embryos to establish a pregnancy. Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse. The main causes of infertility are discussed for both females and males. The document also outlines several technologies and medical procedures that can help with infertility, including in vitro fertilisation (IVF), artificial insemination (IUI), zygote/gamete intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT/GIFT), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). It provides brief descriptions of IVF and ICSI procedures. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is also mentioned as a technique to test

1. Assisted reproduction

2. What and when?
Definition
Treatments or procedures that include the handling of human eggs and
sperm or embryos for the purpose of establishing a pregnancy
Infertility - the inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected
intercourse.

3. What are the causes of
infertility?
Female:
o Tubal infertility – non functional fallopian tube
o Ovarian failure and diminished ovarian
reserve
o Endometriosis
o Pelvic malignancy
o Mullerian anomaly
o Genetic

4. What are the causes of
infertility?
Male:
o Oligospermia
o Azoospermia
o Genetic

5. What can biotechnology and
medicine offer?
 In vitro fertilisation (IVF)
 Artificial insemination (IUI)
 Zygote/Gamete intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT/GIFT)
 Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

6. In vitro Fertilisation (IVF)

7. In vitro Fertilisation (IVF)

8. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
(ICSI)

9. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

10. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
 Aneuploidy
 Structural abnomalites
 Inherited gene disorder
 Cystic fibrosis
 Thalassemia
 Haemophelia
 Sex
 Down Syndrome
 Turner/Klifinger Syndrome