Imperialism refers to the policy of extending a nation's authority over foreign territories or people. It has historically been used to justify acquiring lands and asserting political and economic dominance. There are varying degrees of imperialism from direct colonial rule to weaker forms like neo-colonialism. Motives for imperialism include economic gains, prestige, security, and surplus population adjustment. While it provided some benefits like development, imperialism is ultimately seen as inherently exploitative, undemocratic, and a violation of human rights. Decolonization movements have succeeded in dismantling some traditional forms of imperialism and colonial rule.

1. IMPERIALISM
Rajat Dixit

2. INTRODUCTION
• IMPERIALISM ESSENTIALLY CONNECTSTHE
IDEA OF SUBORDINATE, “A POWER
RELATIONSHIPWITHOUT MORAL
IMPLICATION OF ANY KIND”.
• IT ISAN URGE OF STATE TO ACQUIRE
JURISDICTION AND EXERCISE DOMINATION
OVER THE OTHER STATES.

3. • IT HASBEEN A TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENT
OF NATIONAL POLICY.
• IT WASJUSTIFIED ASA MORAL AND
LEGITIMATE INSTRUMENT AND USED IT FOR
SECURING THE GOALSOF NATIONAL
INTERESTS.

4. • IMPERIALISM ISESTABLISHED BY A SUPER
POWER AND IT ISBASED ON SUPERIOR
SUBORDINATE RELATIONSHIP.
• IMPERIALISM DOESNOT COME IN A
STANDARD FORM. THE TIGHT FORM
IMPERIALISM ISCOLONIALISM. THE
WEAKER FORM OF CONTROL ISNEO-
COLONIALISM.

5. MEANING
• THE POLICY OF FORCEFULLY EXTENDING A
NATION’SAUTHORITY BY TERRITORIAL
GAIN OR BY THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DOMINANCE
OVER OTHER NATIONS.

6. DEFINITION
• THE ATTEMPT TO CONQUER OTHER
COUNTRIES.
- N.L.
BUKHARIN

7. • IMPERIALISM ISTHE EMPLOYMENT OF THE
ENGINESOF GOVERNMENT DIPLOMACY TO
ACQUIRE TERRITORIES, PROTECTORATES,
AND/OR SPHERESOF INFLUENCE OCCUPIED
USUALLY BY OTHER RACESOR PEOPLES,
AND TO PROMOTE INDUSTRIAL, TRADE, AND
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES.
- CHARLESA.
BEARD

8. • IMPERIALISM ISA POLICY WHICH AIMSAT
CREATING, ORGANISING, MAINTAINING AN
EMPIRE THAT IS, A STATE OF VAST SIZE
COMPOSED OF VARIOUSMORE OR LESS
DISTRICT NATIONAL UNITSAND SUBJECTS
TO A SINGLE CENTRALIZED WILL.
- MORITZ JULIUS
BONN

9. • IT ISAN EXPANSION OF A STATE’SPOWER
BEYOND IT’SBORDER.
- HANSMORGENTHAU

10. FEATURES OF IMPERIALISM
• IT MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE ECONOMIC
MOTIVE.
• WIDER AND LIMITED OPERTIONS.
• IT MAY BE PLANNED OR UNPLANNED.
• THERE MAY OR MAY NOT BE DIFFERENCE OF
RACES.
• IT MAY BE PROFITABLE OR UNPROFITABLE.
• IT MAY BE DEVELOPMENTAL OR
EXPLOITATIVE.

11. METHODS OF IMPERIALISM
1. MILITARY IMPERIALISM:
• OLDEST & CRUDEST FORM
• IT ISA GAMBLE PLAYED FOR THE HIGHEST
STAKE.

12. 2. ECONOMIC IMPERIALISM:
• OUTCOME OF MODERN AGE.
• INDIRECT METHOD TO GAIN FOOTHOLD IN
FOREIGN TERRITORIES.

13. 3. CULTURAL IMPERIALISM :
• IT DOESNOT ATTEMPT TO CONQUER
TERRITORIESRATHER IT ATTEMPTSTO CONQUER
THE MINDSOF PEOPLE ASA MEANSOF
CHANGING THE POWER RELATIONS.

14. MOTIVES OF IMPERIALISM
1. ECONOMIC GAINS
2. POWER AND PRESTIGE
3. HUMANITARIAN MOTIVE
4. PSYCHOLOGICAL SATISFACTION
5. SECURING OF NATIONAL DEFENCE
6. ADJUSTMENT OF SURPLUSPOPULATION.

15. THEORIES OF IMPERIALISM
• MARXIST THEORY: IT ISA PRODUCT OF
CAPITALISM.
• LIBERAL THEORY: ACCEPTSTHAT
CAPITALIST ECONOMY LEADSTO
IMPERIALISM BUT DOESNOT ACCEPT THAT
IMPERIALISM ISNATURAL RESULT OF
EXPANSION OF CAPITALISM.

16. • DEVILSTHEORY: RESULT OF CONSPIRACY
OF BIG BUSINESSMEN FOR THE PURPOSE OF
PRIVATE GAIN.

17. MERITS OF IMPERIALISM
• WHITE MAN’SBURDEN.
• POLITICAL UNITY
• ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• TRAINING FOR SELF GOVERNMENT.
• PROMOTESINTERNATIONALISM.
• NATURAL PHENOMENON IN IR.

18. DEMERITS OF IMPERIALISM
• POLITICAL DOMINATION.
• ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION.
• DESTROYSNATURAL CULTURE AND
MORALITY.
• RACIAL DISCRIMINATION ENCOURAGES.
• INTRODUCESINTERNATIONAL WAR AND
RIVALRY.

19. • INHUMAN.
• ANTI-DEMOCRATIC AND ANTI-LIBERAL.

20. IMPERIALISM AND
COLONIALISM
• WHAT ISCOLONIALISM?
COLONIALISM ISA NATURAL OVERFLOW OF
NATIONALITY, IT’STEST ISTHE POWER OF
THE COLONOLISTSTO TRANSPLANT THE
CIVILISATION THEY REPRESENT TO THE
NEW NATURAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
ISWHICH THEY FIND THEMSELVES.

21. RELATION BETWEEN IMPERIALISM AND
COLONIALISM:
•COLONIALISM AND IMPERIALISM, BOTH ARE
IDENTICAL IN SO FAR BOTH INVOLVE FOREIGN
RULE, ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION AND
CULTURAL SUBORDINATION.

22. DIFFERENCE B/W
IMPERIALISM&COLONIALISM
IMPERIALISM
• OLDER SYSTEM
• BASIC OBJECTIVE ISTO
ACQUIRE POWER
• IMPOSITION OF ALIEN RULE
UPON OTHER PEOPLE
• POLITICAL CONTROL IS
MORE AGGRESSIVE, RIGID
AND AUTOCRATIC
COLONIALISM
• MODERN SYSTEM
• BASIC OBJECTIVE ISTO
ACQUIRE ECONOMY.
• NATURAL OVERFLOW OF
ALIEN NATIONALITY IN THE
SUBJECT TERRITORY
• DOMINATION OF LIFE &
CULTURE OF ORGANISED
PEOPLE

23. NEO-IMPERIALISM
• IT ISDESIGNED TO HIGHLIGHT
CONTINUATION OF ECONOMIC OR
POLITICAL DEPENDENCIESOF FORMER
COLONIESBY THEIR MASTERS.

24. FEATURES OF NEO-IMPERIALISM
• INTERFERING THE INTERNAL AFFAIRSOF
THE SMALL AND NEW STATES.
• SUPPLY OF ARMSAND WEAPONS.
• FOREIGN AID AND LOANS.
• CONTROL OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANISATIONSTHROUGH MNC’s.
• CREATING ECONOMIC DEPENDENCIESAND
SATELLITE STATES.

25. CONCLUSION
IMPERIALISM ISINHERENTLY INHUMAN, ANTI-
LIBERAL, ANTI-DEMOCRATIC IN NATURE AND
SCOPE. IT ISA CURSE AND SLUR ON
COLONIALISM ASWELL AND NATIONAL
LIBERATION MOVEMENTSHAVE BEEN
SUCCESSFUL IN LIQUIDATING SVERAL SINSOF
TRADITIONAL IMPERIALISM AND
COLONIALISM FROM INTERNTIONAL
RELATIONSOF OUR TIMES. MUCH, HOWEVER,
STILL RREMAINSTO BE DONE. THE NEW
FORCE OF IMPERIALISM-COLONIALISM i.e.,
COLONIALISM ISYET TO BE ELIMINATED

26. REFERENCES
• AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS- GULAM MOHAMMAD DAR
• INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSED. II- PEU
GHOSH
• THE GLOBALIZATION OF WORLD POLITICS:
AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS- JOHN BAYLIS, STEVE SMITH,
PATRICIA OWENS
• www.historylearningsite.com