This document defines and discusses the concept of imperialism. It provides several definitions of imperialism from different scholars and outlines the key features and methods of imperialism, including military, economic and cultural imperialism. The document also discusses the motives, theories, merits and demerits of imperialism. It describes the relationship between imperialism and colonialism, distinguishing their differences. The concept of neo-imperialism is introduced and its key features are outlined. The document concludes by stating that while imperialism and colonialism have been reduced, they have not been fully eliminated from international relations.

1. IMPERIALISM
SHASHANK TIWARI
BA LLB (IIIrd Sem)
R450212139

2. INTRODUCTION
• IMPERIALISM ESSENTIALLY CONNECTS THE
IDEA OF SUBORDINATE, “ A POWER
RELATIONSHIP WITHOUT MORAL
IMPLICATION OF ANY KIND” .
• IT IS AN URGE OF STATE TO ACQUIRE
JURISDICTION AND EXERCISE DOMINATION
OVER THE OTHER STATES.

3. • IT HAS BEEN A TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENT
OF NATIONAL POLICY.
• IT WAS JUSTIFIED AS A MORAL AND
LEGITIMATE INSTRUMENT AND USED IT FOR
SECURING THE GOALS OF NATIONAL
INTERESTS.

4. • IMPERIALISM IS ESTABLISHED BY A SUPER
POWER AND IT IS BASED ON SUPERIOR
SUBORDINATE RELATIONSHIP.
• IMPERIALISM DOES NOT COME IN A
STANDARD FORM. THE TIGHT FORM
IMPERIALISM IS COLONIALISM. THE
WEAKER FORM OF CONTROL IS NEOCOLONIALISM.

5. MEANING
• THE POLICY OF FORCEFULLY EXTENDING A
NATION’ S AUTHORITY BY TERRITORIAL
GAIN OR BY THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DOMINANCE
OVER OTHER NATIONS.

6. DEFINITION
• THE ATTEMPT TO CONQUER OTHER
COUNTRIES.
BUKHARIN
- N.L.

7. • IMPERIALISM IS THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE
ENGINES OF GOVERNMENT DIPLOMACY TO
ACQUIRE TERRITORIES, PROTECTORATES,
AND/OR SPHERES OF INFLUENCE OCCUPIED
USUALLY BY OTHER RACES OR PEOPLES,
AND TO PROMOTE INDUSTRIAL, TRADE, AND
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES.
- CHARLES A.
BEARD

8. • IMPERIALISM IS A POLICY WHICH AIMS AT
CREATING, ORGANISING, MAINTAINING AN
EMPIRE THAT IS, A STATE OF VAST SIZE
COMPOSED OF VARIOUS MORE OR LESS
DISTRICT NATIONAL UNITS AND SUBJECTS
TO A SINGLE CENTRALIZED WILL.
BONN
- MORITZ JULIUS

9. • IT IS AN EXPANSION OF A STATE’ S POWER
BEYOND IT’ S BORDER.
- HANS MORGENTHAU

10. FEATURES OF IMPERIALISM
• IT MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE ECONOMIC
MOTIVE.
• WIDER AND LIMITED OPERTIONS.
• IT MAY BE PLANNED OR UNPLANNED.
• THERE MAY OR MAY NOT BE DIFFERENCE OF
RACES.
• IT MAY BE PROFITABLE OR UNPROFITABLE.
• IT MAY BE DEVELOPMENTAL OR
EXPLOITATIVE.

11. METHODS OF IMPERIALISM
1. MILITARY IMPERIALISM :
•
•
OLDEST & CRUDEST FORM
IT IS A GAMBLE PLAYED FOR THE HIGHEST
STAKE.

12. 2. ECONOMIC IMPERIALISM :
• OUTCOME OF MODERN AGE.
• INDIRECT METHOD TO GAIN FOOTHOLD IN
FOREIGN TERRITORIES.

13. 3. CULTURAL IMPERIALISM :
• IT DOES NOT ATTEMPT TO CONQUER
TERRITORIES RATHER IT ATTEMPTS TO CONQUER
THE MINDS OF PEOPLE AS A MEANS OF
CHANGING THE POWER RELATIONS.

14. MOTIVES OF IMPERIALISM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ECONOMIC GAINS
POWER AND PRESTIGE
HUMANITARIAN MOTIVE
PSYCHOLOGICAL SATISFACTION
SECURING OF NATIONAL DEFENCE
6. ADJUSTMENT OF SURPLUS POPULATION.

15. THEORIES OF IMPERIALISM
• MARXIST THEORY: IT IS A PRODUCT OF
CAPITALISM.
• LIBERAL THEORY: ACCEPTS THAT
CAPITALIST ECONOMY LEADS TO
IMPERIALISM BUT DOES NOT ACCEPT THAT
IMPERIALISM IS NATURAL RESULT OF
EXPANSION OF CAPITALISM.

16. • DEVILS THEORY: RESULT OF CONSPIRACY
OF BIG BUSINESSMEN FOR THE PURPOSE OF
PRIVATE GAIN.

17. MERITS OF IMPERIALISM
•
•
•
•
•
•
WHITE MAN’ S BURDEN.
POLITICAL UNITY
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
TRAINING FOR SELF GOVERNMENT.
PROMOTES INTERNATIONALISM.
NATURAL PHENOMENON IN IR.

18. DEMERITS OF IMPERIALISM
• POLITICAL DOMINATION.
• ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION.
• DESTROYS NATURAL CULTURE AND
MORALITY.
• RACIAL DISCRIMINATION ENCOURAGES.
• INTRODUCES INTERNATIONAL WAR AND
RIVALRY.

19. • INHUMAN.
• ANTI-DEMOCRATIC AND ANTI-LIBERAL .

20. IMPERIALISM AND
COLONIALISM
• WHAT IS COLONIALISM?
COLONIALISM IS A NATURAL OVERFLOW OF
NATIONALITY, IT’ S TEST IS THE POWER OF
THE COLONOLISTS TO TRANSPLANT THE
CIVILISATION THEY REPRESENT TO THE
NEW NATURAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
IS WHICH THEY FIND THEMSELVES.

21. RELATION BETWEEN IMPERIALISM AND
COLONIALISM:
•COLONIALISM AND IMPERIALISM, BOTH ARE
IDENTICAL IN SO FAR BOTH INVOLVE FOREIGN
RULE, ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION AND
CULTURAL SUBORDINATION.

22. DIFFERENCE B/W
IMPERIALISM&COLONIALISM
IMP R ISM
E IAL
COL
ONIAL
ISM
•
•
•
•
•
•
OLDER SYSTEM
BASIC OBJECTIVE IS TO
ACQUIRE POWER
IMPOSITION OF ALIEN RULE
UPON OTHER PEOPLE
POLITICAL CONTROL IS
MORE AGGRESSIVE, RIGID
AND AUTOCRATIC
•
•
MODERN SYSTEM
BASIC OBJECTIVE IS TO
ACQUIRE ECONOMY.
NATURAL OVERFLOW OF
ALIEN NATIONALITY IN THE
SUBJECT TERRITORY
DOMINATION OF LIFE &
CULTURE OF ORGANISED
PEOPLE

23. NEO-IMPERIALISM
• IT IS DESIGNED TO HIGHLIGHT
CONTINUATION OF ECONOMIC OR
POLITICAL DEPENDENCIES OF FORMER
COLONIES BY THEIR MASTERS.

24. FEATURES OF NEO-IMPERIALISM
• INTERFERING THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF
THE SMALL AND NEW STATES.
• SUPPLY OF ARMS AND WEAPONS.
• FOREIGN AID AND LOANS.
• CONTROL OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANISATIONS THROUGH MNC’ s.
• CREATING ECONOMIC DEPENDENCIES AND
SATELLITE STATES.

25. CONCLUSION
IMPERIALISM IS INHERENTLY INHUMAN, ANTILIBERAL, ANTI-DEMOCRATIC IN NATURE AND
SCOPE. IT IS A CURSE AND SLUR ON
COLONIALISM AS WELL AND NATIONAL
LIBERATION MOVEMENTS HAVE BEEN
SUCCESSFUL IN LIQUIDATING SVERAL SINS OF
TRADITIONAL IMPERIALISM AND
COLONIALISM FROM INTERNTIONAL
RELATIONS OF OUR TIMES. MUCH, HOWEVER,
STILL RREMAINS TO BE DONE. THE NEW
FORCE OF IMPERIALISM-COLONIALISM i.e.,
COLONIALISM IS YET TO BE ELIMINATED

26. REFERENCES
• AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS- GULAM MOHAMMAD DAR
• INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ED. II- PEU
GHOSH
• THE GLOBALIZATION OF WORLD POLITICS:
AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS- JOHN BAYLIS, STEVE SMITH,
PATRICIA OWENS
• www.historylearningsite.com