IJSRED-V2I2P54

ISSN : 2581-7175
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development
Formulation and Characterization of
Glycolic Acid Gel in Treatment of
SuryaprakashVis
1*
Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Department of
2*
EncubeEthicals Pharmaceutical
---------------------------------------************************
Abstract:
Pustules are very common
remains its scars, wrinkles and fine lines.
Treatment of Pigmentation, Suntanning,
some pharmaceutical preparation. In this Research work Citric acid is use with Glycoli
which have poor penetration so here Citric acid Provide benefits to skin as well as enhance
permeation of Glycolic acid. Glycolic ac
Combination of both drug provide
skin problems. Gel is suitable of dosage form for these drugs. It is greaseless, transparent,
pleasing appearance, easily spreadable, easily removable, thixotropic, emollient, non
staining, and longer shelf life. Due to its seve
Compliance.
Keyword--- Pustules and Scars, Gel
---------------------------------------************************
Introduction:
“Pustules are the type of Acne vulgaris. It is a very common skin problem.
peoples are suffering from Acne in that Pustules are more common.it is originate from
sebaceous gland. Propionibacterium acne and staphylococcus is responsible for acne
are present in sebaceous gland.”
Fig.1. Formation of Pustules
RESEARCH ARTICLE
©IJSRED:All Rights are Reserved
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume2 Issue 2, Mar
Available at
ation and Characterization of Citric Acid and
Gel in Treatment of Pustules and Scars
rakashVishvakarma*1,
Anubhav Yadav*2
Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Department of Pharmaceutical Packing,Senior Officer, Goa
Ethicals Pharmaceutical Ltd., Department of Quality Assurance,Officer,
************************------------------------------
Pustules are very common problem, it is also known as pimple. After the treatment it
wrinkles and fine lines.Citric acid is very useful compound it is use in
Pigmentation, Suntanning, wrinkles and Pustules. It is also use as penetration in
some pharmaceutical preparation. In this Research work Citric acid is use with Glycoli
permeation of Glycolic acid. Glycolic acid is act on wrinkles, lines, scarsand oiliness.
provide a beneficial effect to skin and helps to fight against various
Gel is suitable of dosage form for these drugs. It is greaseless, transparent,
pleasing appearance, easily spreadable, easily removable, thixotropic, emollient, non
staining, and longer shelf life. Due to its several properties it will provide good patient
Scars, Gel, Citric Acid, Glycolic Acid
************************------------------------------
Pustules are the type of Acne vulgaris. It is a very common skin problem. Around
sebaceous gland. Propionibacterium acne and staphylococcus is responsible for acne
Fig.1. Formation of Pustules
Page 480
Issue 2, Mar –Apr 2019
Available at www.ijsred.com
Citric Acid and
and Scars
Senior Officer, Goa India
,Goa India
---------------------
as pimple. After the treatment it
compound it is use in
. It is also use as penetration in
some pharmaceutical preparation. In this Research work Citric acid is use with Glycolic acid
, scarsand oiliness.
ps to fight against various
Gel is suitable of dosage form for these drugs. It is greaseless, transparent,
pleasing appearance, easily spreadable, easily removable, thixotropic, emollient, non-
ral properties it will provide good patient
---------------------
Around 85%n
sebaceous gland. Propionibacterium acne and staphylococcus is responsible for acne. They
OPEN ACCESS

ISSN : 2581-7175
Types of Acne
Pustules
“Pustules are characterised as small bumps on the skin which is consist of fluid
are appear as white bumps which is surrounded
very similar to pimples, it can grow as big white pimples. They
the body, but they most commonly form on the back
inany part of body area.”
Cause of Pustules
Allergic reaction to food
Environmental allergens
Excessive sweating
Hormonal imbalance
Poisonous insect bites
Common locations for pustules are the:
Back
Chest
Face
Hairline
Neck
Pubic area
Shoulders
Underarms
Available at
Fig.2. Types of Acne
are characterised as small bumps on the skin which is consist of fluid
which is surrounded by reddish skin. Bumps of pustules are
it can grow as big white pimples. They may develop on any part of
the body, but they most commonly form on the back, chest, and face. They may be
Common locations for pustules are the:
Page 481
are characterised as small bumps on the skin which is consist of fluid or pus. They
of pustules are look
may develop on any part of
, chest, and face. They may be present

ISSN : 2581-7175
Pathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris
Fig.3.
Scars
“A scar is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury.
the biological process of wound repair in the skin of
other organs and tissues of the body. Thus, scarring is a natural part of the
Types of scars
Atrophic
Hypertrophic
Keloid
Stretch marks
Umbilical
Materials and Methods[3, 4, 5]
Table 5.1: List of materials used
Sr. no Material
1. Citric Acid
2. Glycolic Acid
3. Carbopol 934
4 Methyl Paraben
5. Methyl Paraben
6. Triethanolamine
Available at
Pathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris
Fig.3. Pathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris
is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury. Scars
wound repair in the skin of wound repair in the skin, as well as in
of the body. Thus, scarring is a natural part of the healing
Table 5.1: List of materials used
Supplier
Wockhardtpvt.Ltd (Daman)
Page 482
Scars result from
repair in the skin, as well as in
healing process.”

ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED:All Rights are Reserved Page 483
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume2 Issue 2, Mar –Apr 2019
Equipment and Instruments
Table 5.2: List of instruments and equipment
Sr. no. Equipment/Instrument Name
1 Electronic Balance
2 Melting point apparatus
3 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer
4 Franz diffusion cell
5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer
6 Overhead laboratory Stirrer
7 PH meter
8 Brookfield Viscometer
Composition of Different formulation Batches (%W/W)
Ingredients F1 F2 F3 F4
Citric Acid 1 1 1 1
Glycolic acid 1 1 1 1
Carbopol-940 2 - - -
HPMC-k100 - 2 - -
Ethyl cellulose - - 2 -
Carbopol-934 - - - 2
Propyl Paraben 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003
Methyl Paraben 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
Water q.s q.s q.s q.s
Triethanolamine 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Formulation of Citric Acid and Glycolic Acid Gel
Preparation of gel base
“Carbopol 934 is added in purified water with continuous stirring and keep it
overnight for Proper swelling of Carbopol -934.”

Preparation of Citric Acid and Glycolic Acid gel
Addition of Methyl Paraben and Propyl Paraben as Preservatives
Incorporation of Citric Acid and Glycolic acid in prepared base
pH is adjust with triethanolamine
Experimental Methodology
Drug Excipient Compatibility Study[6]
FTIR spectra of pure drug and mixture of drug with excipient were recorded on KBr disc in
the range of 400 to 4000 cm-1 by using FTIR spectrophotometer. FTIR study was carried out.
Evaluation of gel
pH of gel [7]
pH of the formulated gel was measured by pH meter.
Viscosity measurement [7, 8]
The Brookfield digital viscometer was used. A Viscosityof gel was measured by spindle
No.7.
Appearance of formulation [8, 9]
Color, odor, consistency,grittiness was measure visually.
Spreadability[8]
Spreadability of gel was measured by put sample of gel formulation between two glass slides.
Above slide is attach with weight. According to weight present in pan glass slide was slipped
or dragged on bottom glass slide.
Spreadability was then calculated using the following formula:
S = M × L/ T
Where,
S = is the spreadability
M = is the weight in the pan (tied to the upper slide)
L = is the length moved by the glass slide and
T = represents the time in seconds taken to separate the slide completely.
Extrudability [9]
Theformulated gels was filled into collapsible tubes and 0.5mm hole is done. The
extrudability of the formulation has been checked.
Where + average, ++ good, +++ excellent
% Drug content [10]
“Take 1gm of Gel. Mix it in suitable solvent. Filter it to obtain clear solution. Determine its
absorbance using UV spectrophotometer. Concentration and drug content was determined by
using the same standard plot by putting the value of absorbance in the standard plot
equation.”

In vitro drug diffusion study
“In vitro drug diffusion study was performed by using Franz diffusion cell. The samples were
assayed spectrophotometricallyand the concentration of the drug was determined from the
previously constructed calibration curve.”
In-vitro skin irritation study [11, 12]
HET-CAM (Hen's Egg Test on the Chorioallantoic Membrane)
Materials: -
White Hen’s Eggs
Fresh (not older than 7 days), fertile,
Weight:-between 50 and 60 gms.
Incubator
Preparation of test system:
Fertile 50-60 g eggs was selected.
Incubation of the egg’s for 9 days: Eggs should be rotated at least 5 times daily for the
first 8 days of incubation.
Incubation for additional 24 hours without rotation.
Out white cell was removed and moist inner membrane with 0.9% (w/v) Nacl
solution.
Remove inner membrane before 20 minute to use.
Treatment with the test substance:
Application of test substance directly to the CAM
• Exposure of the CAM to the test substance for at least 300 sec.
End point measured by visual inspection:
Haemorrhage: Bleeding out of the blood vessels of the CAM with red blood dots
around the vessels.
Lyesis: Optical disappearance of small blood vessels in the CAM cave. This is not a
real Lyesis according to principles of general pathology.
Coagulation: Thrombosis (Intravascular dark spots), extravascular blood coagulation
(dark spots), denaturation of albumin.
Stability study [10]
“The prepared Gels was packed in aluminium collapsible tubes (5 g) and subjected to
stability studies at studies were carried out at 40° C ± 2°C and 75% ± 5% relative humidity
(RH).Samples was withdrawn at 1 month time intervals and evaluated for physical
appearance, pH, drug content, spreadability and %CDR.”
Result and Discussion
5.1. Physical Appearance:
“Gel formulations were white preparation with a smooth homogeneous texture and glossy
appearance. Results have been discussed in Table 3.”

Table 3: Physical parameter of formulation batches.
Sr.no Formulation Colour Phase
separation
Homogeneity
1 F1 White None Excellent
2.pH Determination:
“The pH of the Gel formulation was in the range of 6.5 – 7.0which considered acceptable to
avoid the risk of skin irritation upon application to skin.”
Table 3: pH of emulgel formulation Formulation
Formulation F1 F2 F3 F4
pH 6.5 6.7 6.8 6.6
6. Rheological Studies:
“The tests were performed by using Brook-field Viscometer. Results are given in Table 6,
highest viscosity was found in formulation F3. It may be due to high level of the liquid
paraffin concentration and low level of emulsifying agent concentration.”
Rheological
Studies
4100 2300 3200 3100

3. Spreading Coefficient:
The spreading coefficient of various emulgel formulations are given below in Table 4
Table 4: Spreading coefficient of the formulation.
Spread
ability
(gm.cm/sec.)
5.31 5.98 5.15 5.67
Extrudability
More the quantity extruded, better is extrudability.
Diffusion study
4. Drug Content
“The drug content of different emulgel formulations was estimated by using UV
Spectrophotometer at 200-400 nm range. The release of drug through prepared formulation
was found to be”
Time (hrs.) F1 F2 F3 F4
0 0 0 0 0
15 21.18± 1.03 31.04± 1.28 36.08± 1.09 42.14± 2.04
30 42.26± 0.18 50.21± 0.55 48.19± 2.03 44.11± 1.15
60 55.60± 1.07 68.23± 1.69 57.24± 1.02 51.63± 1.84
120 66.23± 0.12 76.88± 0.36 66.61± 1.45 66.45± 1.18
180 72.25± 1.33 78.24± 0.89 69.23± 1.34 75.40± 0.23
240 85.40± 0.34 87.69± 0.68 77.89± 1.09 89.44± 1.65

ISSN : 2581-7175
Formulation F1 F2
Drug Content 96.76±0.14 95
5. Skin Irritation Test:
Table No. : End points for Skin irritation
End point
Hemorrhage
Lyesis
Coagulation
Available at
F2 F3 F4
95.58±0.35 96.15±0.35 97.87±0.14
: End points for Skin irritation
Observation
No
No
No
Fig.4. Gel of F1 Batch.
Fig.5. Gel of F2 Batch.
Page 488

ISSN : 2581-7175
Conclusion:
Effective treatment of black heads, white heads, Pustules and Scars can be done by citric acid
and Glycolic acid. In present study
form. Utilization of proper polymers such as Carbopol 940, HPMC K100, Ethyl Cellulose,
Carbopol 934 was provide better drug release, better stability and good patient compliance.
All the Excipients are compatible wi
black heads and white heads it also enhance permeability of Glycolic Acid which helps to
treat Scars and fine lines.
Reference:
1. Ryan T J. Diseases of the Skin
and Warrell D A. Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2nd Ed.
1987;20:43-45.
Available at
Fig.6 Gel of F3 Batch.
Fig.7 Gel of F4 Batch.
black heads, white heads, Pustules and Scars can be done by citric acid
study both drug was supplied topically in form of Gel dosage
All the Excipients are compatible with drug. Here , Citric acid was able to treat
T J. Diseases of the Skin - Acne Vulgaris. In: EdsWeatherall D J, Ledingham J G
Page 489
black heads, white heads, Pustules and Scars can be done by citric acid
supplied topically in form of Gel dosage
ble to treat pustules,
J, Ledingham J G

2.Ebling F J G and Cunliffe W J. Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands. In: Eds. Champion R
H, Burton J L and Ebling F J G. Textbook of Dermatology. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific
Publications, 5th Ed. 1992;1699-1744.
3.AGGARWAL G AND DHAWAN S. 1990. Development, fabrication and evaluation of
transdermal drug delivery system-A review. Pharmainfo Net 7: 1-28.
4.AKHTAR N, PATHAK K AND CAVAMAX W. 2012. Composite ethosomal gel of
clotrimazole for improved topical delivery: development and comparison with ethosomal gel.
AAPS PharmSciTech 13: 344-355.
5.ALLEN L, POPOVICH NG AND ANSEL H. 2004. Pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug
delivery systems. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA.
6. Khaled M, “Ketoprofen Emulgel: Preparation, Characterization, and Pharmacodynamic
Evaluation.” International Journal of Pharmaceutical science, 2013,20(2),306-310.
7. Singla V and Saini S ,“Development and evaluation of topical emulgel of lornoxicam using
different polymer bases.” International pharmaceuticasinica, 2012, 2(3), 36-44.
8. Khunt D and Mishra A, “Formulation design & development of piroxicam Emulgel.”
International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2012, 4(3), 1332-1344.
9. Helal A,“Formulation and evaluation of fluconazole topical gel.” International Journal of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,2012,4(5),302-310.
10. Joshi B and Sing G, “Development and characterization of clarithromycin emulgel for
topical delivery.” International journal of drug development and research, 2012, 4(3), 310-
313.
11.Alam s., Ali S., Shamim, HussainS.,Ali M., Alam N. Preparation, characterization and
invitro irritation study of Clodetasol propionate loaded nanoemulsion for Psoriasis and atopic
dermatitis. WJPPS. 2012: 1(4): 1189-1208.
12. Chatarjee P., Chandra S., Dey P., Bhattacharya S. Evaluation of antiiflammatory effects
of green tea and black tea: A comparative in vitro study. J.Adv.Pharm.Tech.Res. 2014: 3(2):
136-138.

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