In machining operations, achieving desired surface quality features of the machined product,
is really a challenging job. Because, these quality features are highly correlated and are expected to be
influenced directly or indirectly by the direct effect of process parameters or their interactive effects
(i.e. on process environment). However, the extents of significant influence of the process parameters
are different for different responses. Therefore, optimization of surface roughness is a multi-factor,
multi-objective optimization problem. Therefore, to solve such a multi-objective optimization problem, it
is felt necessary to identify the optimal parametric combination, following which all objectives could be
optimized simultaneously. In this context, it is essential to convert all the objective functions into an
equivalent single objective function or overall representative function to meet desired multi-quality
features of the machined surface. The required multi-quality features may or may not be conflicting in
nature. The representative single objective function, thus calculated, would be optimized finally. In the
present work, Design of Experiment (DOE) with Design of Expect software, Mini Tab & optimized
using genetic algorithm by MAT Lab and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) by “C” program in
straight turning operation. Collected data related to surface roughness have been utilized for
optimization. Due to complexity of this machining optimization problem, a genetic algorithm (GA) and
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are applied to resolve the problem and the results obtained from
GA and PSO are compared
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF MACHINING PARAMETERS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS USING RES...IAEME Publication
A series of experiments to determine the character of surface of the alloy steel have been conducted. The main objective of this work is to develop a holistic understanding of the effects of
feed rate, spindle speed, depth of cut and type of coolant on the surface roughness and to create a model for the conducted study. Such an understanding can provide sapience about the shortcomings of controlling the finish of machined surfaces when the process parameters are adjusted to obtain a certain surface finish. The model, which includes the effect of spindle speed, cutting feed rate and depth of cut, and any three variable interactions, predicted the surface roughness values.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Investigation and Parametric Studies of Surface Roughness Analy...IJMER
The modern machining industries are focused on achieving high quality, in terms of part/component accuracy, surface finish, high production rate and increase in product life. Surface roughness of machined components has received serious attention of researchers for many years. It has
been an important design feature and quality measure in machining process. There are a large number of
parameters which affect the surface roughness. The typical controllable parameters for the CNC machines
include cutting tool variables, work piece material variables, cutting conditions etc. The desired output is
surface roughness, material removal rate, tool wear, etc. Optimization of machining parameters needs to
determine the most significant parameter for required output. Many techniques are used for optimization
of machining parameters including Taguchi, RSM and ANOVA approach to determine most significant
parameter. The present work is therefore in a direction to integrate effect of various parameters which affect
the surface roughness. This paper investigates the parameters affecting the surface roughness and / or
material removal rate with CNC turning process studied by researchers. It also discusses some other parameters such as cutting force and power consumption in different conditions
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF MACHINING PARAMETERS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS USING RES...IAEME Publication
A series of experiments to determine the character of surface of the alloy steel have been conducted. The main objective of this work is to develop a holistic understanding of the effects of
feed rate, spindle speed, depth of cut and type of coolant on the surface roughness and to create a model for the conducted study. Such an understanding can provide sapience about the shortcomings of controlling the finish of machined surfaces when the process parameters are adjusted to obtain a certain surface finish. The model, which includes the effect of spindle speed, cutting feed rate and depth of cut, and any three variable interactions, predicted the surface roughness values.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Investigation and Parametric Studies of Surface Roughness Analy...IJMER
The modern machining industries are focused on achieving high quality, in terms of part/component accuracy, surface finish, high production rate and increase in product life. Surface roughness of machined components has received serious attention of researchers for many years. It has
been an important design feature and quality measure in machining process. There are a large number of
parameters which affect the surface roughness. The typical controllable parameters for the CNC machines
include cutting tool variables, work piece material variables, cutting conditions etc. The desired output is
surface roughness, material removal rate, tool wear, etc. Optimization of machining parameters needs to
determine the most significant parameter for required output. Many techniques are used for optimization
of machining parameters including Taguchi, RSM and ANOVA approach to determine most significant
parameter. The present work is therefore in a direction to integrate effect of various parameters which affect
the surface roughness. This paper investigates the parameters affecting the surface roughness and / or
material removal rate with CNC turning process studied by researchers. It also discusses some other parameters such as cutting force and power consumption in different conditions
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Taguchi Method for Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Turning OperationsIDES Editor
Surface roughness an indicator of surface quality is
one of the prime customer requirements for machined parts.
For efficient use of machine tools, optimum cutting
parameters are required. The turning process parameter
optimization is highly complex and time consuming. In this
paper taguchi parameter optimization methodology is applied
to optimize cutting parameters in turning. The turning
parameters evaluated are, cutting velocity, feed rate, depth of
cut, and nose radius of tool and hardness of the material each
at two levels. The results of analysis show that feed rate,
cutting velocity and nose radius have present significant
contribution on the surface roughness and depth of cut and
hardness of material have less significant contribution on the
surface roughness.
The inspiration driving CNC machining undertakings is to make explicit shapes or surface
characteristics for a thing. In view of math and surface completion determinations, conditions for machining
assignments have for the most part been chosen. Assembling ventures endeavor to make high phenomenal things
at decay cost to stay serious inside the market. This exploration zeroed in on growing the advantage of benefit
on PC mathematical control (CNC) by enhancing machining boundaries by processing activities. In this
exploration, the profundity of cut, cutting velocity and feed rate on the aluminum amalgam work piece by the
utilization of carbide unit, embed shaper, HSS were utilized to enhance the advantage of CNC processing
measures by advancing machining boundaries picked to be assessed in this investigation by utilizing Taguchi's
System approach including symmetrical exhibit. The Taguchi strategy is utilized to notice the impact of cycle
boundaries and to look at a portion of the decrease speed, feed and profundity with acknowledgment of the
essential machinability part, surface end. The surface completion has been portrayed as quality attributes and is
accepted to be straightforwardly identified with efficiency.
Analysis of Parameter using Fuzzy Genetic Algorithm in E-learning SystemHarshal Jain
The aim of this project is to analyze the parameter, for the inputs to find an optimization problem than the candidate solution we have. This will help us to find more accurate knowledge level of user, using Genetic Algorithm (GA). In this algorithm a population of candidate solutions (called individuals, creatures, or phenotypes) to an optimization problem is evolved toward better solutions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Taguchi Method for Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Turning OperationsIDES Editor
Surface roughness an indicator of surface quality is
one of the prime customer requirements for machined parts.
For efficient use of machine tools, optimum cutting
parameters are required. The turning process parameter
optimization is highly complex and time consuming. In this
paper taguchi parameter optimization methodology is applied
to optimize cutting parameters in turning. The turning
parameters evaluated are, cutting velocity, feed rate, depth of
cut, and nose radius of tool and hardness of the material each
at two levels. The results of analysis show that feed rate,
cutting velocity and nose radius have present significant
contribution on the surface roughness and depth of cut and
hardness of material have less significant contribution on the
surface roughness.
The inspiration driving CNC machining undertakings is to make explicit shapes or surface
characteristics for a thing. In view of math and surface completion determinations, conditions for machining
assignments have for the most part been chosen. Assembling ventures endeavor to make high phenomenal things
at decay cost to stay serious inside the market. This exploration zeroed in on growing the advantage of benefit
on PC mathematical control (CNC) by enhancing machining boundaries by processing activities. In this
exploration, the profundity of cut, cutting velocity and feed rate on the aluminum amalgam work piece by the
utilization of carbide unit, embed shaper, HSS were utilized to enhance the advantage of CNC processing
measures by advancing machining boundaries picked to be assessed in this investigation by utilizing Taguchi's
System approach including symmetrical exhibit. The Taguchi strategy is utilized to notice the impact of cycle
boundaries and to look at a portion of the decrease speed, feed and profundity with acknowledgment of the
essential machinability part, surface end. The surface completion has been portrayed as quality attributes and is
accepted to be straightforwardly identified with efficiency.
Analysis of Parameter using Fuzzy Genetic Algorithm in E-learning SystemHarshal Jain
The aim of this project is to analyze the parameter, for the inputs to find an optimization problem than the candidate solution we have. This will help us to find more accurate knowledge level of user, using Genetic Algorithm (GA). In this algorithm a population of candidate solutions (called individuals, creatures, or phenotypes) to an optimization problem is evolved toward better solutions.
Development of Nanocomposite from Epoxy/PDMS-Cyanate/Nanoclay for Materials w...IJMER
Dicyanate monomer viz bis-4-cyanato-polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS-CY) containing
siloxane known as thermally stable structural unit was prepared. The PDMS-CY/DGEBA-stability, thermal degradation kinetics and microstructures
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Reduction of Topology Control Using Cooperative Communications in ManetsIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Experimental Investigations of Exhaust Emissions of four Stroke SI Engine by ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Experimental Investigation and Parametric Studies of Surface Roughness Analys...IJMER
The modern machining industries are focused on achieving high quality, in terms of
part/component accuracy, surface finish, high production rate and increase in product life. Surface
roughness of machined components has received serious attention of researchers for many years. It has
been an important design feature and quality measure in machining process. There are a large number of
parameters which affect the surface roughness. The typical controllable parameters for the CNC machines
include cutting tool variables, work piece material variables, cutting conditions etc. The desired output is
surface roughness, material removal rate, tool wear, etc. Optimization of machining parameters needs to
determine the most significant parameter for required output. Many techniques are used for optimization
of machining parameters including Taguchi, RSM and ANOVA approach to determine most significant
parameter.
The present work is therefore in a direction to integrate effect of various parameters which affect
the surface roughness. This paper investigates the parameters affecting the surface roughness and / or
material removal rate with CNC turning process studied by researchers. It also discusses some other
parameters such as cutting force and power consumption in different conditions.
Experimental Investigation and Parametric Analysis of Surface Roughness in C...IJMER
The manufacturing industries are very much concerned about the quality of their products.
They are focused on producing high quality products in time at minimum cost. Surface finish is one of the
crucial performance parameters that have to be controlled within suitable limits for a particular process.
Surface roughness of machined components has received serious attention of Researchers for many years.
It has been an important design feature and quality measure in machining process. There are a large
number of parameters which affect the surface roughness. These include cutting tool variables, work
piece material variables, cutting conditions etc. Therefore, prediction or monitoring of the surface
roughness of machined components has been challenging and unexplored area of research
The present work is therefore in a direction to integrate effect of various parameters which effect the
surface roughness. Experiments were carried out with the help of factorial method of design of
experiment (DOE) approach to study the impact of turning parameters on the roughness of turned
surfaces. A mathematical model was formulated to predict the effect of machining parameters on surface
roughness of a machined work piece. Model was validated with the experimental data and the reported
data of other researchers. Further parametric investigations were carried out to predict the effect of
various parameters on the surface research
Optimization of cutting strategies for forging die manufacturing on cnc milli...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
optimization of process parameters for cnc turning using taguchi methods for ...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Coated and uncoated tool inserts offers certain degrees of control on the desired rate of tool wear and surface roughness to an extent. This work pursues the quest for realizing the optimal values for the significant process parameters that bears an influence on the response parameters. Experiments were conducted on the samples of EN 24 alloy steel material with the help of PVD coated TiAlN insert and uncoated carbide insert. The experimental runs carried out with proper variation in the levels. Levels are selected with the help of manufacturing catalogue and by pilot experimentation and results are recorded for further analysis. For this study, 9 runs designed using L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi Design of Experiment. Surface roughness was measured using a Mitutoyo surface tester at test lab and material removal rate is calculated by mathematical equation. The data was compiled into Minitab 17 software for analysis. The relationship between the machining parameters and the response variables were analyzed using the Taguchi Method. Optimization of process parameters is carried out by Grey Relational Analysis method (GRA). GRA method is a powerful and most versatile tool which can manipulate the input data as per requirement and comes with results that can be used to have best multi-objective in respective concerns
EFFECT OF NOSE RADIUS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS DURING CNC TURNING USING RESPONSE ...ijmech
The work and study presented in this paper aims to investigate the effect of nose radius on surface
roughness, in CNC turning of Aluminium (6061) in dry condition. The effect of cutting conditions (speed,
feed and depth of cut) and tool geometry (nose radius) on surface roughness were studied and analysed.
Design of Experiments (DOE) were conducted for the analysis of the influence of the turning parameter on
the surface roughness by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and then followed by optimization of
the results using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to minimize surface roughness. The nose radius was
identified as the most significant parameter. Surface roughness value decreased with increase in nose
radius.
Process parameter optimization of SLM process and application of Taguchi appr...ijsrd.com
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an emerging powder based additive layer manufacturing technology that used to fabricate three-dimensional fully functional parts from metal powders by fusing the material in a layer by layer manner as per a CAD model. The quality of SLM produced parts is significantly affected by various manufacturing parameters of SLM machine. Hence optimization of SLM process parameters is necessary in order to improve the quality of parts. The purpose of this paper is to explore the reviews for various optimization methods used for process parameter optimization of SLM process and application of Taguchi approach. This review of work can be helpful to the other researchers to carry out further work in the same era.
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Application of Parabolic Trough Collectorfor Reduction of Pressure Drop in Oi...IJMER
Pipelines are the least expensive and most effective method for the oil transportation.
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Optimization of Cutting Parameters Using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization
1. International
OPEN ACCESS Journal
Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 6| June. 2014 | 45|
Optimization of Cutting Parameters Using Genetic Algorithm
and Particle Swarm Optimization
G. Bala Subramanyam1
, P. Punna Rao2
M.Tech (Student) Mechanical Engineering, NIMRA College of Engineering & technology
M.Tech Asst Professor of Mechanical Engineering Department, NIMRA College of Engineering & Technology,
Jupudi, Vijayawada. A.P
I. Introduction
Surface roughness has received serious attention for many years. It has formulated an important design
feature in many situations such as parts subject to fatigue loads, precision fits, fastener holes, and aesthetic
requirements. In addition to tolerances, surface roughness imposes one of the most critical constraints for the
selection of machines and cutting parameters in process planning. A considerable number of studies have
investigated the general effects of the speed, feed, and depth of cut on the surface roughness.
To improve the efficiency of these turning processes, it is necessary to have a complete process
understanding and model. To this end, a great deal of research has been performed in order to quantify the effect
of various hard turning process parameters to surface quality. These factors can be divided into a) setup
variables, b) tool variables, and c) work piece variables. In order to gain a greater understanding of the turning
process it is necessary to understand the impact of the each of the variables, but also the interactions between
them. It is impossible to find all the variables that impact surface roughness in turning operations. In addition, it
is costly and time consuming to discern the effect of the every variable on the output. In order to simplify the
problem, one needs to eliminate or select specific variables that correspond to practical applications.
II. Literature Survey
Parametric Analysis and Optimization of Cutting Parameters for Turning Operations based on Taguchi
Method by Dr. S.S.Mahapatra Amar Patnaik Prabina Ku. Patnaik (1) in this paper they have conducted
experiment work and done on Genetic Algorithm to optimization the experimental values. On-line optimization
of the turning using an inverse process neurocontroller, Transactions of ASME, Journal of Manufacturing
Science and Engineering by R. Azouzi, M. Guillot,(2) Process modeling and optimization are the two important
issues in manufacturing products. The manufacturing processes are characterized by a multiplicity of
dynamically interacting process variables
Surface roughness prediction models for fine turning; International Journal of Production Research by
A. Mital, M. Mehta (3) a greater attention is given to accuracy and surface roughness of product by the
Abstract: In machining operations, achieving desired surface quality features of the machined product,
is really a challenging job. Because, these quality features are highly correlated and are expected to be
influenced directly or indirectly by the direct effect of process parameters or their interactive effects
(i.e. on process environment). However, the extents of significant influence of the process parameters
are different for different responses. Therefore, optimization of surface roughness is a multi-factor,
multi-objective optimization problem. Therefore, to solve such a multi-objective optimization problem, it
is felt necessary to identify the optimal parametric combination, following which all objectives could be
optimized simultaneously. In this context, it is essential to convert all the objective functions into an
equivalent single objective function or overall representative function to meet desired multi-quality
features of the machined surface. The required multi-quality features may or may not be conflicting in
nature. The representative single objective function, thus calculated, would be optimized finally. In the
present work, Design of Experiment (DOE) with Design of Expect software, Mini Tab & optimized
using genetic algorithm by MAT Lab and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) by “C” program in
straight turning operation. Collected data related to surface roughness have been utilized for
optimization. Due to complexity of this machining optimization problem, a genetic algorithm (GA) and
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are applied to resolve the problem and the results obtained from
GA and PSO are compared.
Keywords: Turning Operation; Surface Roughness; Genetic Algorithm; Particle Swarm Optimization.
2. Optimization of Cutting Parameters Using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 6| June. 2014 | 46|
industry these days. Surface finish has been one of the most important considerations in determining the
machinability of materials. Surface roughness and dimensional accuracy are the important factors required to
predict machining performances of any machining operations.
Present situation and future trends in modeling of machining operations. Progress Report of the CIRP
working group on ‗Modeling of machining operations by C.A. Van Luttervelt, T.H.C. Childs, I.S. Jawahir,
F. Klocke, P.K.Venuvinod.(4) The predictive modeling of machining operations requires detailed prediction of
the boundary conditions for stable machining. The number of surface roughness prediction models available in
literature is very limited. Most surface roughness prediction models are empirical and are generally based on
experiments in the laboratory. In addition it is very difficult in practice, to keep all factors under control as
required to obtain reproducible results. Generally these models have a complex relationship between surface
roughness and operational parameters, work materials and chip-breaker types.
Multi machining output—multi independent variable turning research by response surface
methodology, International Journal of Production Research by K.Taraman(5) used Response Surface
Methodology (RSM) for predicting surface roughness of different materials. A family of mathematical models
for tool life, surface roughness and cutting forces were developed in terms of cutting speed, feed, and depth of
cut. Comparison of a full factorial experiment to fractional and taguchi designs in a lathe dry turning operation
by Youssef a. Youssef, yves beauchamp and marc Thomas(6) F~cole de technologie superieure 4750, ave
henri-julien, montr6al, Canada . This paper presents a comparison of three different Experimental designs aimed
at studying the effects of cutting Parameters variations on surface finish. The results revealed That the effects
obtained by analyzing both fractional and Taguchi designs (16 trials each) were comparable to the main Effects
and tow-level interactions obtained by the full factorial Design (288 trials). Thus, we conclude that screening
designs Appear to be reliable and more economical since they permit to Reduce by a factor 18 the amount of
time and effort required to Conduct the experimental design without losing valuable Information.
Investigation Of Cutting Parameter Effects On Surface Roughness In Lathe* Boring Operation By Use
Of A Full Factorial Design Yves Beauchamp,ext (7) The main objective of this study is to investigate cutting
parameter effects of surface roughness in a lathe dry boring operation. A full factorial design was used to
evaluate the effect of six (6) independent variables (cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, tool nose radius, tool
length and type of boring bar) and their corresponding two-level interactions. In this experiment, the dependant
variable was the resulting first cut surface roughness (Ra).
Determination of optimal cutting conditions using design of experiments and optimization Techniques
M. S. CHUAT (8) In process planning or NC part programming, optimal cutting conditions are to be
determined using reliable mathematical models representing the machining conditions of a particular work-tool
combination. The development of such mathematical models requires detailed planning and proper analysis of
experiments. In this paper, the mathematical models for TiN-coated carbide tools and RSchling T4
mediumcarbon steel were developed based on the design and analysis of machining experiments. The models
developed were then used in the formulation of objective and constraint functions for the optimization of a
multipass turning operation with such work-tool combinations
III. Problem Description
To find the optimum machining parameters in order to get the minimum surface roughness. Particle
Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are used to do this and the results are compared.
We have taken 14 samples of turning operation in finishing cut the values of the speed, feed and depth
of cut and their respective surface roughness. The value obtained in this by varying three parameter are taken in
design of expect V-8 software to obtain an equation. In the response surface methodology the linear and second
order polynomials were fitted to the experimental data for obtaining regression equations.
And then using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm we can obtain the optimization value by
using C-program and similarly optimized using genetic algorithm by MAT Lab
In this paper the optimal machining parameters for continuous profile machining are determined with
respect to the minimum production time, subject to a set of practical constraints, cutting force, power and
dimensional accuracy and surface finish. Due to complexity of this machining optimization problem, a genetic
algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are applied to resolve the problem and the results
obtained from GA and PSO are compared.
3.1Objective Function:
The full development of machining process planning is based on optimization of the economic criteria
subject to technical and managerial constraints. The economic criteria are the objectives of machining
operations in terms of quality.
The objectives considered in this paper are surface roughness to be minimized
3. Optimization of Cutting Parameters Using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 6| June. 2014 | 47|
IV. Experimental Part
The present study has been done through the following plan of experiment.
a) Checking and preparing the Centre Lathe ready for performing the machining operation.
b) Cutting S45C bars by power saw and performing initial turning operation in Lathe to get desired dimension
(of diameter 59 mm and length 100mm) of the work pieces.
c) Performing straight turning operation on specimens in various cutting environments involving various
combinations of process control parameters like: spindle speed, feed and depth of cut.
d) Measuring surface roughness and surface profile with the help of a portable stylus-type profilometer,
Talysurf (Taylor Hobson, Surtronic 3+, UK)
Experimental Details
Turning is one of the most common of metal cutting operations. In turning, a work piece is rotated
about its axis as single-point cutting tools are fed into it, shearing away unwanted material and creating the
desired part. Turning can occur on both external and internal surfaces to produce an axially-symmetrical
contoured part.
Parts ranging from pocket watch components to large diameter marine propeller shafts can be turned on
a lathe. The capacity of a lathe is expressed in two dimensions. The maximum part diameter, or "swing," and the
maximum part length, or "distance between centers."
The general-purpose engine lathe is the most basic turning machine tool. As with all lathes, the two
basic requirements for turning are a means of holding the work while it rotates and a means of holding cutting
tools and moving them to the work. The work may be held on one or by both its ends. Holding the work by one
end involves gripping the work in one of several types of chucks or collets. Chucks are mounted on the spindle
nose of the lathe, while collets usually seat in the spindle. The spindle is mounted in the lathe's "headstock,"
which contains the motor and gear train that makes rotation possible. Directly across from the headstock on the
lathe is the "tailstock." The tailstock can hold the work by either alive or dead center. Work that is held at both
ends is said to be "between centers." Additionally, longer work pieces may have a "steady rest" mounted
between the headstock and tailstock to support the work. Typically work pieces are cylindrical, but square and
odd shaped stock can also be turned using special chucks or fixtures. Lathe cutting tools brought to the work
may move in one or more directions. Tool movement on the engine lathe is accomplished using a combination
of the lathe's "carriage", "cross slide", and "compound rest".
The carriage travels along the machine‘s bed ways, parallel to the work piece axis. This axis is known
as the "Z" axis. Motion perpendicular to the work is called the "X" axis. On an engine lathe this motion is
provided by the cross slide mounted on the carriage.
Atop the cross slide is the "compound rest," which can be rotated to any angle and secured. The
compound rest also holds the "tool post," where tools are mounted. Tools may also be mounted in the tailstock
for end-working operations.
Cutting Tool
Tungsten carbide with the grade of P-10 Tungsten carbide also called cemented carbide, hard metal. There are 2
compounds of tungsten and carbon, WC and tungsten semi carbide.
Work piece Material
S45C OR Equivalent Alloy (1045)
COMPOSITION:
Typical Applications:
Axles, bolts, connecting rods, studs, rams, pins, rolls, spindles, ratchets, crankshafts, torsion bars,
sockets, worms, light gears, guide rods etc.
The working ranges of the parameters for subsequent design of experiment, based on Taguchi‘s L27
Orthogonal Array (OA) design have been selected. In the present experimental study, spindle speed, feed rate
METALS
COMPOSITION
MIN MAX
Carbon 0.42 0.48
Silicon 0.15 0.35
Manganese 0.60 0.90
Phosphorus max0.03
Sulphur max0.035
IRON REMAINING
4. Optimization of Cutting Parameters Using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 6| June. 2014 | 48|
and depth of cut have been considered as process variables. The process variables with their units (and
notations) are listed in Table 4.1
Table 4.1: Process variables and their limits
Variables Values of different levels
Designation Description
Low
( -1 )
Medium
(0)
High
( +1 )
D
Depth of
cut (mm)
0.6 1.00 1.60
F
Feed rate
(mm/rev)
.08 0.2 0.32
V
Cutting
speed
(m/min )
135 210 285
Measuring Surface Roughness:-
Roughness measurement has been done using a portable stylus-type profilometer, Talysurf (Taylor
Hobson, Surtronic 3+, UK).
Experiments have been carried out using Taguchi‘s L27 Orthogonal Array (OA) experimental design
which consists of 27 combinations of spindle speed, longitudinal feed rate and depth of cut. According to the
design catalogue prepared by Taguchi, L 27 Orthogonal Array design of experiment has been found suitable in
the present work. It considers three process parameters (without interaction) to be varied in three discrete levels.
The experimental design has been shown in Table 4 (all factors are in coded form). The coded number for
variables used in Table 4.3 and 4.4 are obtained from the following transformation equations:
By obtain Taguchi‘s L27 Orthogonal Array the experiment have be conducted and the value of the
particular feed, speed and depth of cut are given below
Std
Cutting
speed
Feed
rate
Depth
of cut
Surface
Roughness
m/min mm/rev mm µm
1 135 .08 0.6 2.086
2 135 .08 1 2.338
3 135 .08 1.6 2.522
4 135 .2 0.6 4.326
5 135 .2 1 4.714
6 135 .2 1.6 5.044
7 135 .32 0.6 6.887
8 135 .32 1 7.2362
9 135 .32 1.6 7.788
10 210 .08 0.6 3.414
11 210 .08 1 3.618
12 210 .08 1.6 3.773
13 210 .2 0.6 5.966
14 210 .2 1 6.1983
15 210 .2 1.6 6.363
16 210 .32 0.6 8.041
17 210 .32 1 8.197
18 210 .32 1.6 8.303
19 285 .08 0.6 4.391
20 285 .08 1 4.521
21 285 .08 1.6 4.608
22 285 .2 0.6 6.868
23 285 .2 1 6.994
24 285 .2 1.6 7.071
25 285 .32 0.6 8.536
26 285 .32 1 8.304
27 285 .32 1.6 8.653
5. Optimization of Cutting Parameters Using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 6| June. 2014 | 49|
V. Experimental Results And Analysis
The experimental results are presented in Table given below For the purpose of developing the
mathematical model; both the data for the machining responses and factors were logarithmically transformed.
Using these sets of data, the parameters for the mathematical models were determined using the multiple
regression method and the significance of the models and the parameters were then analyses using analysis of
variance. In this work, a commercially available statistical software package DOE was used for the computation
of regression and statistical analysis of the constants and parameters. The procedure PROC REG from this
package was used to compute values of the mathematical models and to carry out the analysis of variance for the
models developed. In the following sections, the significance of each model developed will be discussed. The
experimental value were obtain form the experiment is given the following table 5.1 and 5.2 and by using above
software‘s the mathematical equation is obtain in term of speed, feed and depth of cut for the surface roughness.
Using Design-Expect Software
SURFACE ROUGHNESS (Ra)
TABLE 5.1 ANOVA for Response Surface Quadratic Model
Analysis of variance table [Partial sum of squares - Type III]
Sum of
Squares
DoF Mean
F p-value
Source Value Prob > F
Model 110.4894389 9 12.2766 561.2594 < 0.0001 Significant
A-A 15.68472238 1 15.68472 717.0711 < 0.0001
B-B 18.69230265 1 18.6923 854.571 < 0.0001
C-C 0.724005556 1 0.724006 33.09994 < 0.0001
AB 0.889549653 1 0.88955 40.66826 < 0.0001
AC 0.182698201 1 0.182698 8.352561 0.0102
BC 4.18E-05 1 4.18E-05 0.001911 0.9656
A^2 0.437292007 1 0.437292 19.99203 0.0003
B^2 73.37755104 1 73.37755 3354.661 < 0.0001
C^2 0.001906597 1 0.001907 0.087165 0.7714
Residual 0.37184638 17 0.021873
Cor Total 110.8612852 26
TABLE 5.2 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for Surface Roughness
Actor
Coefficient
Df
Standard 95% CI
95%
CI
Estimate Error Low High VIF
Intercept 3.6806 1 0.077 3.518111 3.84
A-A 0.9365 1 0.035 0.862751 1.01 1.007
B-B -1.0224 1 0.035 -1.09618 -0.9 1.007
C-C 0.2006 1 0.035 0.127008 0.27 1.013
AB 0.2723 1 0.043 0.18219 0.36 1
AC -0.1226 1 0.042 -0.21206 -0 1.007
BC -0.0019 1 0.042 -0.09134 0.09 1.007
A^2 -0.27 1 0.06 -0.39735 -0.1 1
B^2 3.4971 1 0.06 3.369696 3.62 1
C^2 -0.0187 1 0.063 -0.15227 0.11 1.013
6. Optimization of Cutting Parameters Using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 6| June. 2014 | 50|
Final Equation in Terms of Coded Factors:
Ra =+ 6.184 + 0.9711* A + 2.2593* B + 0.1811* C- 0.1991* A * B - 0.0989 * A * C -
0.0018* B * C - 0.2677 * A2 - 0.21277 * B2- 0.06667* C2
Final Equation in Terms of Actual Factors:
Ra = -5.257 + 0.0402 * A + 29.4195 * B + 1.50896 * C - 0.0221* A * B - 0.0016637 *
A * C - 0.0311 * B * C 4.8 e -5
* A2 - 14.776 * B2 - 0.266666* C2
VI. Optimization Of Cutting Parameters
6.1 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
In recent years, the collective behavior of large numbers of moving cooperative agents, frequently
called particles, has proven to be useful in the fields of optimization and control. The collection of these
particles is called a swarm and its application is referred to as swarm intelligence. The power of swarm
intelligence is that simple behavior on the local level can result in useful, often more complex, and behavior on
the global level. Even if the individual agents are too simple for the label ‗intelligent‘, the swarm often does
manifest intelligent behavior. The global behavior of the swarm is difficult to predict based on the local
dynamics of the particles.
6.2 Genetic Algorithm
Machining optimization problem requires a robust search method (Robustness means numerical
stability and ability to find a solution for a wide range of algorithmic parameters), which runs well in complex
situations. The genetic algorithm (GA) approach has been selected firstly because their behavior is robust and so
far efficient and secondly more and more attention is being is drawn to GA in a variety of disciplines. Evolution
program started in the sixties when a group of biologists used digital computers to simulate genetic systems
6.3 Procedure for Genetic Algorithm
1. The sample values given below are taken and these values are used to train the network.
2. Then the network is exported to the Matlab workspace and this network is selected and tested by using the
same values as input and the layers and numbers of neurons per layer are varied in order to get the best network.
3. Then this network works as Regression equation and it is used in the genetic algorithm program in order to
get the optimum result.
4. Here we are using minimization problem and the objective is minimized and the optimum parameters to get
the minimized objective is found
Procedure of Single Objective Optimization
1. At first random strings are generated such that the string is divided into the inputs such as speed, feed and
depth of cut.
2. Then the strings are sent into a fitness function, we know that genetic algorithm is based on survival of the
fittest.
3. Then the minimum fitness function is generated, generally GA is used for maximization problems, so the
minimum fitness function is converted in maximum fitness function
4. Then find the cumulative fitness function
5. By using the cumulative fitness function find the normalized fitness function.
6. By using the normalized fitness function find the minimum
7. Then give string numbers to each string.
8. Then generate a matpool based on the string numbers.
9. Then apply the genetic operators on the matpool such as crossover mutation etc so that a new population is
generated. This population is used as an input for the next generation.
10. Then find the optimum values for finding the minimum fitness function
VII. Conclusions
Genetic Algorithm
A neural network is created based on experimental values is used instead of mathematical models and
optimized machining parameters are found using Genetic algorithm.
By training the network using single objective function and using genetic algorithm optimum speed, feed and
depth of cut are evaluated and the corresponding values of objective functions for corresponding speed feed and
depth of cut are found and the results are as follows.
1. By optimization of surface Roughness
7. Optimization of Cutting Parameters Using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 6| June. 2014 | 51|
Optimum speed = 145.405 m/min
Optimum feed = 0.0876 mm/rev
Optimum depth = 0.6057 mm
Minimized surface roughness =2.494 µm
Particle Swarm Optimization
By obtained equation form the design of expect software and written particle swarm optimization in c-
language the program obtain the corresponding value of objective function for corresponding speed feed and
depth of cut are found and the results are as follows.
2. By optimization of surface Roughness
Optimum speed = 145m/min
Optimum feed = 0 .08 mm/rev
Optimum depth = 0.6 mm
Minimized surface roughness =3.199 µm
Based on the conducted experiments and accomplished analysis, the following conclusions can be made
1. The speed and feed rate are the most significant factors in surface roughness model.
2. All types of lathe machines have been used to produce continuous finished profiles. A continuous finished
profile has many types of operations such as turning. To model the machining process, several important
operational constraints have been considered. These constraints were taken to account in order to make the
model more realistic. A model of the process has been formulated with non-traditional algorithms; GA and
PSO have been employed to find the optimal machining parameters for the continuous profile. GA produces
better results.
Future Scope
1. The neural network, single objective genetic algorithm and multi objective genetic algorithm and RSM
provide a very good process modeling. In addition, the single objective genetic algorithm next multi
objective genetic algorithm and next RSM provide the better data coverage value has to be conducted
further.
2. In the present work, the cutting conditions such as feed and speed are optimized based on the total
production cost, total production time and combined of these two, as objective functions by taking into
consideration the various constraints such as feed, cutting speed, power, cutting force, temperature, and
surface roughness. Whereas, there are other constraints also such as dimensional accuracy, rigidity and
reliability of the system etc. that could also be considered.
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Engn S, VoL 31, No. 3/4, pp. 645 -651,1996 Copyright O 1995 China Mach~ Press Published by Elsevier Science
Ltd. Printed in great Britain.