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This document discusses power quality improvement in a multi-machine system using STATCOM. It begins with an abstract that outlines using STATCOM to maintain voltage stability and improve power factor and harmonic reduction with a wind turbine connected to the grid. It then discusses how wind power injection affects power quality according to IEC standards. The paper studies power quality issues caused by installing a wind turbine and proposes using STATCOM at the point of common connection to mitigate these issues. It simulates the STATCOM control scheme for the wind energy system using MATLAB to show its effectiveness in improving power quality by relieving the main supply of reactive power demands.
STATCOM Based Wind Energy System by using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic ControllerIJMTST Journal
The influence of the hybrid system in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, voltage deviation, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC). The STATCOM provides reactive power support to hybrid system and load. These voltage fluctuations can be eliminated with the help of advanced reactive power compensator device such as SVC and STATCOM. This work focus on design, modeling and analysis of FACTS device in wind farm interconnected with grid during fault. These devices can be controlled by Synchronous Reference Frame theory. The performance is analyzed with the help of PI controller and Fuzzy logic technique. by using Matlab/Simulink Model.
This document proposes a grid interfacing scheme for a hybrid renewable energy system combining photovoltaic (PV) and permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind energy. It describes a system where the outputs of the PV array and wind turbine are connected to a common DC bus and then to an inverter. A hysteresis current controller is used to synchronize the inverter output to the grid frequency and voltage. Simulation results show the DC input from the hybrid source, inverter output voltages, grid injected voltages and currents, and grid voltage ratings. The document concludes the hysteresis current control method provides fast response without requiring feedback compensation and can adapt to variable switching frequencies.
The transient stability analysis of wind turbines interconected to grid under...IJECEIAES
Wind farm has been growing in recent years due to its very competitive electricity production cost. Wind generators have gone from a few kilowatts to megawatts. However, the participation of the wind turbine in the stability of the electricity grid is a critical point to check, knowing that the electricity grid is meshed, any change in active and reactive flux at the network level affects its stability. With a rate of 50% wind turbine penetration into the electricity grid, the stability of the rotor angle is a dynamic phenomenon which is only visible by the variation of the active energy. The purpose of this journal is to verify the impact of wind turbine integration on an electrical grid, by exploiting the relationship between the reactive energy produced by the Doubly Fed Induction Generator equipping most wind energy systems, and the stability of the rotor angle of the synchronous generators equipping the conventional power plants in the electrical system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filterEditorJST
Injection of power generated by the wind turbine system into an electric grid mainly effects the power quality. The performance of this wind turbine and its power quality is determined on the basis of its measurement of power ratings as per IEEE standards. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation. To mitigate the power quality problems this paper proposes the shunt compensator techniques. Here, the proposed system is verified experimentally using both STATCOM and TSC compensators. This control schemes for grid connected wind energy system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink.
Flc based statcom for a dfig driven wind turbine to enhance voltage stabilityIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a paper that investigates the implementation of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) with wind farms to enhance voltage stability. The paper presents the following:
1. Wind power generation is increasing but causes power quality issues like voltage instability that need addressing. STATCOM can provide reactive power support to stabilize voltage.
2. A simulation model is developed with a 3MW wind farm connected to the grid. When a 10MW load is added at 0.2 seconds, the voltage drops until a STATCOM with FLC is added at 0.4 seconds, restoring the voltage within 0.45 seconds.
3. With STATCOM support, the reactive
This document discusses power quality improvement in a multi-machine system using STATCOM. It begins with an abstract that outlines using STATCOM to maintain voltage stability and improve power factor and harmonic reduction with a wind turbine connected to the grid. It then discusses how wind power injection affects power quality according to IEC standards. The paper studies power quality issues caused by installing a wind turbine and proposes using STATCOM at the point of common connection to mitigate these issues. It simulates the STATCOM control scheme for the wind energy system using MATLAB to show its effectiveness in improving power quality by relieving the main supply of reactive power demands.
STATCOM Based Wind Energy System by using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic ControllerIJMTST Journal
The influence of the hybrid system in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, voltage deviation, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC). The STATCOM provides reactive power support to hybrid system and load. These voltage fluctuations can be eliminated with the help of advanced reactive power compensator device such as SVC and STATCOM. This work focus on design, modeling and analysis of FACTS device in wind farm interconnected with grid during fault. These devices can be controlled by Synchronous Reference Frame theory. The performance is analyzed with the help of PI controller and Fuzzy logic technique. by using Matlab/Simulink Model.
This document proposes a grid interfacing scheme for a hybrid renewable energy system combining photovoltaic (PV) and permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind energy. It describes a system where the outputs of the PV array and wind turbine are connected to a common DC bus and then to an inverter. A hysteresis current controller is used to synchronize the inverter output to the grid frequency and voltage. Simulation results show the DC input from the hybrid source, inverter output voltages, grid injected voltages and currents, and grid voltage ratings. The document concludes the hysteresis current control method provides fast response without requiring feedback compensation and can adapt to variable switching frequencies.
The transient stability analysis of wind turbines interconected to grid under...IJECEIAES
Wind farm has been growing in recent years due to its very competitive electricity production cost. Wind generators have gone from a few kilowatts to megawatts. However, the participation of the wind turbine in the stability of the electricity grid is a critical point to check, knowing that the electricity grid is meshed, any change in active and reactive flux at the network level affects its stability. With a rate of 50% wind turbine penetration into the electricity grid, the stability of the rotor angle is a dynamic phenomenon which is only visible by the variation of the active energy. The purpose of this journal is to verify the impact of wind turbine integration on an electrical grid, by exploiting the relationship between the reactive energy produced by the Doubly Fed Induction Generator equipping most wind energy systems, and the stability of the rotor angle of the synchronous generators equipping the conventional power plants in the electrical system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filterEditorJST
Injection of power generated by the wind turbine system into an electric grid mainly effects the power quality. The performance of this wind turbine and its power quality is determined on the basis of its measurement of power ratings as per IEEE standards. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation. To mitigate the power quality problems this paper proposes the shunt compensator techniques. Here, the proposed system is verified experimentally using both STATCOM and TSC compensators. This control schemes for grid connected wind energy system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink.
Flc based statcom for a dfig driven wind turbine to enhance voltage stabilityIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a paper that investigates the implementation of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) with wind farms to enhance voltage stability. The paper presents the following:
1. Wind power generation is increasing but causes power quality issues like voltage instability that need addressing. STATCOM can provide reactive power support to stabilize voltage.
2. A simulation model is developed with a 3MW wind farm connected to the grid. When a 10MW load is added at 0.2 seconds, the voltage drops until a STATCOM with FLC is added at 0.4 seconds, restoring the voltage within 0.45 seconds.
3. With STATCOM support, the reactive
Integration of a Wind Turbine Based Doubly Fed Induction Generator Using STAT...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes research on integrating a wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) into the power grid using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and crowbar protection to improve transient stability. A DFIG consists of a wound rotor induction generator connected to the grid via a partial-scale power converter. During faults, a crowbar is used to protect the converter by short-circuiting the rotor, while a STATCOM senses voltage sags and provides quick compensation. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that using STATCOM and DFIG control schemes can improve power quality and grid stability by regulating voltage and reactive power during disturbances.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A stable operation of wind turbines connected to the grid is an essential requirement to ensure the reliability and stability of the power system. To achieve such operational objective, installing static synchronous compensator static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) as a main compensation device guarantees the voltage stability enhancement of the wind farm connected to distribution network at different operating scenarios. STATCOM either supplies or absorbs reactive power in order to ensure the voltage profile within the standard-margins and to avoid turbine tripping, accordingly. This paper present new study that investigates the most suitable-location to install STATCOM in a distribution system connected wind farm to maintain the voltage-levels within the stability margins. For a large-scale squirrel cage induction generator squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG-based) wind turbine system, the impact of STATCOM installation was tested in different places and voltage-levels in the distribution system. The proposed method effectiveness in enhancing the voltage profile and balancing the reactive power is validated, the results were repeated for different scenarios of expected contingencies. The voltage profile, power flow, and reactive power balance of the distribution system are observed using MATLAB/Simulink software.
IRJET- STATCOM based Control Scheme for Power Quality Improvement in Grid-Con...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a control scheme using STATCOM to improve power quality in a grid-connected wind energy system with non-linear loads. It proposes using a STATCOM connected to the point of common coupling to inject or absorb reactive power in order to regulate voltage. The control scheme is modeled and simulated in MATLAB. Simulation results show the STATCOM is able to cancel harmonic components from the load current, maintain the source voltage and current in phase, and provide reactive power support to the solar panels and load. The integrated grid and STATCOM system with PV cells demonstrates good performance in power quality improvement.
Comparison of upqc and dvr in wind turbine fed fsig under asymmetric faultselelijjournal
This paper presents the mitigation of faults in wind turbine connected fixed speed induction generator using unified power quality conditioner and static compensator. The UPQC consists of shunt and series converters connected back-to-back through a dc-to-dc step up converter. The presence of the dc-to-dc step converter permits the UPQC to compensate faults for long duration. The series converter is connected to the supply side whereas the shunt converter is connected to the load side. The control system of the proposed UPQC is based on Id-Iq theory. The DVR consists of shunt and series converters connected back-to-back through a dc-to-dc step up converter. The presence of the dc-to-dc step converter permits the DVR to compensate faults for long duration. The series converter is connected to the supply side whereas the shunt converter is connected to the load side. The control system of the proposed DVR is based on
hysteresis voltage controlThe proposed wind turbine fed fixed speed induction generator is evaluated and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment with UPQC and DVR under asymmetric faults
Stabilization and Frequency Regulation in Microgrid by Controlling Pitch Angleijtsrd
PID controller based pitch angle controller for the frequency regulation and active power control in a wind turbine and diesel engine powered hybrid power system, is presented in this paper. For testing the prosed controller, variable wind speed pattern is used for realization of real time wind behavior. Furthermore, the variable load is also connected to the hybrid power system to test the efficacy of the prosed controller. The system is modelled and simulated in MATLAB environment and results obtained are compared with and without pitch angle controller. The frequency deviations in PID based pitch angle controller is less than the without controller. Aman Malik | Kavita Sharma "Stabilization and Frequency Regulation in Microgrid by Controlling Pitch Angle" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33303.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/33303/stabilization-and-frequency-regulation-in-microgrid-by-controlling-pitch-angle/aman-malik
IRJET - Power Quality Improvement using Statcom in PV Grid Connected SystemIRJET Journal
This document discusses power quality issues that can arise when integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems into electric grids. It proposes using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) connected at the point of common coupling to mitigate these issues. Power quality problems from renewable energy sources like PV systems include voltage variations, flicker, and harmonics. The STATCOM uses power electronics to regulate voltage and correct power factors in order to improve power quality delivered to customers from the grid-connected PV system.
Stability Improvement in Grid Connected Multi Area System using ANFIS Based S...IJMTST Journal
Generally, the non-conventional energy sources are being extensively used in case of power electronic
converter based distribution systems. This paper mainly focuses on the wind energy system integrating with
grid connected system and also improvement of power quality features. The wind energy power plant is
modelled based on associated equations. For improving this power quality problems, this paper proposes the
concepts of shunt converter controllers. This paper also proposes the concepts of ANFIS based Static
Compensator. And also the results are compared for this cases. Thus with such a control, a balanced load
currents are obtained even in the presence of non-linear load. The experimental setup is done in Matlab and
verified the simulation results
Power factor and Quality improvement of Wind based system with Fuzzy Logic Co...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a thyristor inductive filter (TIF) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to improve the power quality and power factor of a wind power system connected to the grid. It presents the main circuit topology of the system, which includes double-fed induction generators, a new grid-connected transformer with filtering windings, and TIF branches and STATCOM connected to the filtering windings. Mathematical models are developed to analyze the harmonic filtering mechanism and reactive power compensation characteristics of the system. Simulation results indicate the approach can enhance the low-voltage ride-through capability of wind turbines and prevent harmonics from flowing into the grid.
Distributed energy units cannot be directly integrated into the power grid due to their inherently varying output. An interfacing technology is required. The power electronic interface is used for connecting distributed energy resources to the smart grid. It can also be used in any type of electric vehicles. It does not store energy in its circuitry. It receives power from the distributed energy source and converts it to power at the required voltage and frequency. This paper provides a brief introduction on power electronic interface. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Adedamola A. Omotoso | Sarhan M. Musa "Power Electronic Interface" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29394.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29394/power-electronic-interface/matthew-n-o-sadiku
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper about using a STATCOM to improve power quality for a grid-connected wind energy system supplying both balanced and unbalanced nonlinear loads. The paper introduces power quality issues caused by wind generation systems and describes how a STATCOM connected to a battery energy storage system can mitigate these issues. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show that the STATCOM is able to regulate voltage and current waveforms at the point of common coupling and maintain unity power factor for both types of loads.
SIMULATION OF IMPROVEMENT OF POWER QUALITY USING STATCOM-CONTROL SCHEME WITH ...ijiert bestjournal
The use of wind energy generation in electrical gri d is increasing worldwide. Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The generated wind power is always not constant due to its time varying nature and causing stability problems. This weak interconnection of wind generating source in the el ectrical network affects the power quality and reliability. In this paper the power quality pr oblem due to installation of wind turbine with the grid is determine. In this proposed scheme Static Compensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling to reduce t he power quality problems. The STATCOM gives reactive power support to wind genera tor and also load. The proposed system maintains the grid voltage free from distort ion and harmonics. In this paper the effect of STATCOM is presented. The behavior of STATCOM is studied under reactive l oading condition.
The document discusses micro inverters, which convert direct current from solar panels into alternating current. It examines two common inverter control methods - voltage source inverter control and power-type PWM inverter control. It then proposes an improved PWM inverter control system that can achieve maximum power point tracking and ensure high power quality from photovoltaic cells. Simulation results show the improved system controls grid current waveform and achieves unity power factor while allowing arbitrary power output. The methodology section outlines the system components and PWM pulse generation process. It examines types of single-phase grid-connected inverters and concludes the improved control method regulates voltage/current waveforms and stability while enabling flexible power transfer.
The document summarizes research on using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to mitigate voltage flickers caused by wind speed variations in a wind farm. It describes a simulation of a 60MW wind farm connected to the grid through a transformer and transmission line. Simulation results show that without a STATCOM, wind speed variations from 5-13 m/s cause the voltage to vary from 91-103% of the base value. The addition of a 30MVar STATCOM controlled using PI control significantly reduces the voltage variations to 0.99-1.005 pu, improving power quality. The STATCOM supplies or absorbs reactive power according to the voltage level to regulate it.
improved reactive power capability of grid connected doubly fed induction gen...vinay kumar mali
The document discusses issues related to doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) used in wind turbines remaining connected to the power grid during faults. It notes that grid codes now require renewable generators to provide ancillary services like reactive power during faults to support voltage and frequency. While DFIGs are sensitive to voltage dips, various protection methods like crowbar circuits, energy storage, and dynamic voltage restorers can help DFIGs ride through faults by limiting current surges. The document examines different control strategies and protection devices that allow DFIG wind turbines to meet grid code low voltage ride-through requirements.
Impacts of Distributed Generation on Power QualityParth Patel
This paper studies the impacts of distributed generation, specifically solar and wind power, on power quality when interconnected to a distribution utility feeder. Multiple scenarios were modeled and simulated using the RSCAD/RTDS real-time simulation tool. The results show some increase in harmonic distortion and voltage fluctuations with the addition of distributed generation, but within acceptable limits. Harmonics were observed at higher orders which could impact power quality. Voltage fluctuations increased nearer to the distributed generation sources.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a fuzzy logic controller to operate a STATCOM for reactive power compensation and harmonic mitigation in a grid-connected wind farm. The paper analyzes power quality issues caused by integrating a fixed-speed induction generator-based wind farm into a grid with nonlinear loads, including reactive power absorption, current harmonics, and fluctuating power injection. It presents a simulation model of the wind farm connected to the grid via a STATCOM. Simulation results show that with fuzzy logic control of the STATCOM, total harmonic distortion of the source current is reduced, improving power quality and allowing the wind farm to meet grid codes.
The document summarizes research on Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capability for wind power systems. It discusses LVRT requirements specified in grid codes that require wind turbines to remain connected during faults and provide reactive power support. It then reviews different wind turbine generator topologies and their responses to faults. Several control strategies and technologies to enable LVRT capability are presented, including chopper resistors, energy storage, and derated generator operation. Simulation results validating one control scheme are shown through various graphs. The conclusion states that combining multiple technologies can help implement LVRT and connect wind power systems to the grid more effectively.
IRJET-Power Quality Improvement in Grid Connected Wind Energy Conversion Syst...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) to improve power quality in grid-connected wind energy conversion systems. The connection of large wind farms can cause power quality issues like voltage sags/swells and harmonics. A UPQC, which consists of series and shunt voltage source inverters connected back-to-back via a DC link, can mitigate both voltage-related issues from the grid and current-related issues from the load. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show that a UPQC is effective at compensating for voltage dips, swells and harmonics, thus improving the quality of power supplied to the load.
Voltage Stability & Power Quality Assessment of Distributed Generation Based ...ijsrd.com
This paper demonstrated the power quality & voltage stability problems associated with the renewable based distribution generation systems and how the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device such as Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) play an important role in Power Quality Improvement. First we simulated the wind farm system without STATCOM and after the system simulated with STATCOM. We use the MATLAB/Simulink software for Simulation.
POWER QUALITY ISSUE WITH GRID CONNECTED WIND ENERGY SYSTRMRavijesh Kumar
The document discusses power quality issues that arise when connecting wind energy systems to the electric grid. Fluctuations in wind power generation can cause problems like voltage sags, swells, and harmonics. The document proposes using a STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) together with a battery energy storage system to regulate the voltage and compensate for reactive power changes, improving power quality at the point where the wind system connects to the grid. Simulation results show the system is effective at relieving stress on the main power supply and improving power quality.
IRJET- A Grid-Control Scheme Connected to a Wind Energy System for Improving ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a STATCOM connected to a battery energy storage system to improve power quality in a grid-connected wind energy system. Power quality issues like voltage variations, flicker, and harmonics are caused by the variable output of wind turbines. The proposed system connects a STATCOM and battery storage at the point of common coupling to mitigate these issues. A MATLAB/SIMULINK model is used to simulate the STATCOM control system. Simulation results show the system maintains unity power factor at the source, supports reactive power needs, and improves power quality standards according to IEC guidelines.
Integration of a Wind Turbine Based Doubly Fed Induction Generator Using STAT...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes research on integrating a wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) into the power grid using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and crowbar protection to improve transient stability. A DFIG consists of a wound rotor induction generator connected to the grid via a partial-scale power converter. During faults, a crowbar is used to protect the converter by short-circuiting the rotor, while a STATCOM senses voltage sags and provides quick compensation. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that using STATCOM and DFIG control schemes can improve power quality and grid stability by regulating voltage and reactive power during disturbances.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A stable operation of wind turbines connected to the grid is an essential requirement to ensure the reliability and stability of the power system. To achieve such operational objective, installing static synchronous compensator static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) as a main compensation device guarantees the voltage stability enhancement of the wind farm connected to distribution network at different operating scenarios. STATCOM either supplies or absorbs reactive power in order to ensure the voltage profile within the standard-margins and to avoid turbine tripping, accordingly. This paper present new study that investigates the most suitable-location to install STATCOM in a distribution system connected wind farm to maintain the voltage-levels within the stability margins. For a large-scale squirrel cage induction generator squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG-based) wind turbine system, the impact of STATCOM installation was tested in different places and voltage-levels in the distribution system. The proposed method effectiveness in enhancing the voltage profile and balancing the reactive power is validated, the results were repeated for different scenarios of expected contingencies. The voltage profile, power flow, and reactive power balance of the distribution system are observed using MATLAB/Simulink software.
IRJET- STATCOM based Control Scheme for Power Quality Improvement in Grid-Con...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a control scheme using STATCOM to improve power quality in a grid-connected wind energy system with non-linear loads. It proposes using a STATCOM connected to the point of common coupling to inject or absorb reactive power in order to regulate voltage. The control scheme is modeled and simulated in MATLAB. Simulation results show the STATCOM is able to cancel harmonic components from the load current, maintain the source voltage and current in phase, and provide reactive power support to the solar panels and load. The integrated grid and STATCOM system with PV cells demonstrates good performance in power quality improvement.
Comparison of upqc and dvr in wind turbine fed fsig under asymmetric faultselelijjournal
This paper presents the mitigation of faults in wind turbine connected fixed speed induction generator using unified power quality conditioner and static compensator. The UPQC consists of shunt and series converters connected back-to-back through a dc-to-dc step up converter. The presence of the dc-to-dc step converter permits the UPQC to compensate faults for long duration. The series converter is connected to the supply side whereas the shunt converter is connected to the load side. The control system of the proposed UPQC is based on Id-Iq theory. The DVR consists of shunt and series converters connected back-to-back through a dc-to-dc step up converter. The presence of the dc-to-dc step converter permits the DVR to compensate faults for long duration. The series converter is connected to the supply side whereas the shunt converter is connected to the load side. The control system of the proposed DVR is based on
hysteresis voltage controlThe proposed wind turbine fed fixed speed induction generator is evaluated and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment with UPQC and DVR under asymmetric faults
Stabilization and Frequency Regulation in Microgrid by Controlling Pitch Angleijtsrd
PID controller based pitch angle controller for the frequency regulation and active power control in a wind turbine and diesel engine powered hybrid power system, is presented in this paper. For testing the prosed controller, variable wind speed pattern is used for realization of real time wind behavior. Furthermore, the variable load is also connected to the hybrid power system to test the efficacy of the prosed controller. The system is modelled and simulated in MATLAB environment and results obtained are compared with and without pitch angle controller. The frequency deviations in PID based pitch angle controller is less than the without controller. Aman Malik | Kavita Sharma "Stabilization and Frequency Regulation in Microgrid by Controlling Pitch Angle" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33303.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/33303/stabilization-and-frequency-regulation-in-microgrid-by-controlling-pitch-angle/aman-malik
IRJET - Power Quality Improvement using Statcom in PV Grid Connected SystemIRJET Journal
This document discusses power quality issues that can arise when integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems into electric grids. It proposes using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) connected at the point of common coupling to mitigate these issues. Power quality problems from renewable energy sources like PV systems include voltage variations, flicker, and harmonics. The STATCOM uses power electronics to regulate voltage and correct power factors in order to improve power quality delivered to customers from the grid-connected PV system.
Stability Improvement in Grid Connected Multi Area System using ANFIS Based S...IJMTST Journal
Generally, the non-conventional energy sources are being extensively used in case of power electronic
converter based distribution systems. This paper mainly focuses on the wind energy system integrating with
grid connected system and also improvement of power quality features. The wind energy power plant is
modelled based on associated equations. For improving this power quality problems, this paper proposes the
concepts of shunt converter controllers. This paper also proposes the concepts of ANFIS based Static
Compensator. And also the results are compared for this cases. Thus with such a control, a balanced load
currents are obtained even in the presence of non-linear load. The experimental setup is done in Matlab and
verified the simulation results
Power factor and Quality improvement of Wind based system with Fuzzy Logic Co...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a thyristor inductive filter (TIF) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to improve the power quality and power factor of a wind power system connected to the grid. It presents the main circuit topology of the system, which includes double-fed induction generators, a new grid-connected transformer with filtering windings, and TIF branches and STATCOM connected to the filtering windings. Mathematical models are developed to analyze the harmonic filtering mechanism and reactive power compensation characteristics of the system. Simulation results indicate the approach can enhance the low-voltage ride-through capability of wind turbines and prevent harmonics from flowing into the grid.
Distributed energy units cannot be directly integrated into the power grid due to their inherently varying output. An interfacing technology is required. The power electronic interface is used for connecting distributed energy resources to the smart grid. It can also be used in any type of electric vehicles. It does not store energy in its circuitry. It receives power from the distributed energy source and converts it to power at the required voltage and frequency. This paper provides a brief introduction on power electronic interface. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Adedamola A. Omotoso | Sarhan M. Musa "Power Electronic Interface" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29394.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29394/power-electronic-interface/matthew-n-o-sadiku
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper about using a STATCOM to improve power quality for a grid-connected wind energy system supplying both balanced and unbalanced nonlinear loads. The paper introduces power quality issues caused by wind generation systems and describes how a STATCOM connected to a battery energy storage system can mitigate these issues. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show that the STATCOM is able to regulate voltage and current waveforms at the point of common coupling and maintain unity power factor for both types of loads.
SIMULATION OF IMPROVEMENT OF POWER QUALITY USING STATCOM-CONTROL SCHEME WITH ...ijiert bestjournal
The use of wind energy generation in electrical gri d is increasing worldwide. Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The generated wind power is always not constant due to its time varying nature and causing stability problems. This weak interconnection of wind generating source in the el ectrical network affects the power quality and reliability. In this paper the power quality pr oblem due to installation of wind turbine with the grid is determine. In this proposed scheme Static Compensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling to reduce t he power quality problems. The STATCOM gives reactive power support to wind genera tor and also load. The proposed system maintains the grid voltage free from distort ion and harmonics. In this paper the effect of STATCOM is presented. The behavior of STATCOM is studied under reactive l oading condition.
The document discusses micro inverters, which convert direct current from solar panels into alternating current. It examines two common inverter control methods - voltage source inverter control and power-type PWM inverter control. It then proposes an improved PWM inverter control system that can achieve maximum power point tracking and ensure high power quality from photovoltaic cells. Simulation results show the improved system controls grid current waveform and achieves unity power factor while allowing arbitrary power output. The methodology section outlines the system components and PWM pulse generation process. It examines types of single-phase grid-connected inverters and concludes the improved control method regulates voltage/current waveforms and stability while enabling flexible power transfer.
The document summarizes research on using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to mitigate voltage flickers caused by wind speed variations in a wind farm. It describes a simulation of a 60MW wind farm connected to the grid through a transformer and transmission line. Simulation results show that without a STATCOM, wind speed variations from 5-13 m/s cause the voltage to vary from 91-103% of the base value. The addition of a 30MVar STATCOM controlled using PI control significantly reduces the voltage variations to 0.99-1.005 pu, improving power quality. The STATCOM supplies or absorbs reactive power according to the voltage level to regulate it.
improved reactive power capability of grid connected doubly fed induction gen...vinay kumar mali
The document discusses issues related to doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) used in wind turbines remaining connected to the power grid during faults. It notes that grid codes now require renewable generators to provide ancillary services like reactive power during faults to support voltage and frequency. While DFIGs are sensitive to voltage dips, various protection methods like crowbar circuits, energy storage, and dynamic voltage restorers can help DFIGs ride through faults by limiting current surges. The document examines different control strategies and protection devices that allow DFIG wind turbines to meet grid code low voltage ride-through requirements.
Impacts of Distributed Generation on Power QualityParth Patel
This paper studies the impacts of distributed generation, specifically solar and wind power, on power quality when interconnected to a distribution utility feeder. Multiple scenarios were modeled and simulated using the RSCAD/RTDS real-time simulation tool. The results show some increase in harmonic distortion and voltage fluctuations with the addition of distributed generation, but within acceptable limits. Harmonics were observed at higher orders which could impact power quality. Voltage fluctuations increased nearer to the distributed generation sources.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a fuzzy logic controller to operate a STATCOM for reactive power compensation and harmonic mitigation in a grid-connected wind farm. The paper analyzes power quality issues caused by integrating a fixed-speed induction generator-based wind farm into a grid with nonlinear loads, including reactive power absorption, current harmonics, and fluctuating power injection. It presents a simulation model of the wind farm connected to the grid via a STATCOM. Simulation results show that with fuzzy logic control of the STATCOM, total harmonic distortion of the source current is reduced, improving power quality and allowing the wind farm to meet grid codes.
The document summarizes research on Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capability for wind power systems. It discusses LVRT requirements specified in grid codes that require wind turbines to remain connected during faults and provide reactive power support. It then reviews different wind turbine generator topologies and their responses to faults. Several control strategies and technologies to enable LVRT capability are presented, including chopper resistors, energy storage, and derated generator operation. Simulation results validating one control scheme are shown through various graphs. The conclusion states that combining multiple technologies can help implement LVRT and connect wind power systems to the grid more effectively.
IRJET-Power Quality Improvement in Grid Connected Wind Energy Conversion Syst...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) to improve power quality in grid-connected wind energy conversion systems. The connection of large wind farms can cause power quality issues like voltage sags/swells and harmonics. A UPQC, which consists of series and shunt voltage source inverters connected back-to-back via a DC link, can mitigate both voltage-related issues from the grid and current-related issues from the load. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show that a UPQC is effective at compensating for voltage dips, swells and harmonics, thus improving the quality of power supplied to the load.
Voltage Stability & Power Quality Assessment of Distributed Generation Based ...ijsrd.com
This paper demonstrated the power quality & voltage stability problems associated with the renewable based distribution generation systems and how the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device such as Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) play an important role in Power Quality Improvement. First we simulated the wind farm system without STATCOM and after the system simulated with STATCOM. We use the MATLAB/Simulink software for Simulation.
POWER QUALITY ISSUE WITH GRID CONNECTED WIND ENERGY SYSTRMRavijesh Kumar
The document discusses power quality issues that arise when connecting wind energy systems to the electric grid. Fluctuations in wind power generation can cause problems like voltage sags, swells, and harmonics. The document proposes using a STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) together with a battery energy storage system to regulate the voltage and compensate for reactive power changes, improving power quality at the point where the wind system connects to the grid. Simulation results show the system is effective at relieving stress on the main power supply and improving power quality.
IRJET- A Grid-Control Scheme Connected to a Wind Energy System for Improving ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a STATCOM connected to a battery energy storage system to improve power quality in a grid-connected wind energy system. Power quality issues like voltage variations, flicker, and harmonics are caused by the variable output of wind turbines. The proposed system connects a STATCOM and battery storage at the point of common coupling to mitigate these issues. A MATLAB/SIMULINK model is used to simulate the STATCOM control system. Simulation results show the system maintains unity power factor at the source, supports reactive power needs, and improves power quality standards according to IEC guidelines.
APPLICATION OF STATCOM to IMPROVED DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF POWER SYSTEMijsrd.com
Application of FACTS controller called Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOM to improve the performance of power grid with Wind Farms is investigated .The essential feature of the STATCOM is that it has the ability to absorb or inject fastly the reactive power with power grid . Therefore the voltage regulation of the power grid with STATCOM FACTS device is achieved. Moreover restoring the stability of the power system having wind farm after occurring severe disturbance such as faults or wind farm mechanical power variation is obtained with STATCOM controller . The dynamic model of the power system having wind farm controlled by proposed STATCOM is developed . To validate the powerful of the STATCOM FACTS controller, the studied power system is simulated and subjected to different severe disturbances. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM controller in terms of fast damping the power system oscillations and restoring the power system stability.
Flc based statcom for a dfig driven wind turbine to enhance voltage stabilityIAEME Publication
1) The document discusses implementing a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) based STATCOM with a DFIG wind turbine to enhance voltage stability after load changes.
2) A sudden 10MW load is added at 0.2 seconds, causing voltage at the wind farm and all buses to drop. A STATCOM with FLC is added at 0.4 seconds, improving the voltage profile.
3) Simulation results show the STATCOM with FLC recovers voltage and reactive power faster than without it, enhancing the system's ability to maintain stability during disturbances.
Power Quality Improvement Using Custom Power Devices in Squirrel Cage Inducti...IJPEDS-IAES
1) The document describes a system using a UPQC (Unified Power Quality Conditioner) to improve power quality when connecting a squirrel cage induction generator wind farm to a weak grid. The UPQC regulates the wind farm terminal voltage and mitigates harmonics at the point of common coupling.
2) It uses a neuro-fuzzy control strategy to manage the active and reactive power exchange between the series and shunt converters of the UPQC via the DC link.
3) Simulation results show the UPQC is able to compensate for voltage fluctuations at the point of common coupling due to variations in wind power generation and regulate the voltage during load connection/disconnection events.
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...IJERD Editor
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IRJET- Improvement of Wind Turbine DFIG using Fault Ride Through Capability T...IRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for improving the fault ride-through capability of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines. It begins with an introduction to DFIG wind turbines and discusses challenges during grid faults. It then presents an active crowbar protection system to reduce high rotor currents and voltages during faults. The crowbar works by bypassing the rotor circuit when faults are detected. Fault detection methods like current threshold monitoring are also examined. Simulation results show the crowbar technique helps DFIG wind turbines stay connected to the grid during faults and resume normal operation quickly after faults clear. The paper concludes the crowbar protection and control strategies improve the low voltage ride-through capability of DFIG wind turbines.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement of Grid Connected Renewable System using...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on improving the power quality of a grid-connected renewable energy system using a STATCOM controller. The system includes photovoltaic cells and a wind turbine connected to the grid along with nonlinear loads. A STATCOM controller is proposed to reduce current harmonics and support reactive power. The system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink under four cases: with STATCOM and renewable sources, with only STATCOM, with only wind, and without STATCOM or wind. Results show the STATCOM is effective at reducing total harmonic distortion of source current and voltage and improving power factor.
Performance Improvement of a Grid Connected Wind Farm SystemIOSRJEEE
Renewable energy sources are becoming more promising means of green energy production. But the increasingly penetration level of wind energy into existing power system presents many technical challenges. Power quality is a measure of the system performance. It requires consideration of problems like voltage regulation, stability, harmonics etc. This paper presents an overview of grid connected system and analysis of its stability. The system is assumed with fixed speed Induction generator integrated to a weak grid. Change and improvement in performance is observed with various FACT devices. The simulation model has been developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK R2016a.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This document presents a new control method for improving the performance of low power wind-driven wound rotor induction generators. The proposed method combines input voltage control and slip power control to achieve better efficiency and power factor over a wide range of speeds. Simulation and experimental results show that the combined control method improves both efficiency and power factor compared to conventional slip power control alone. The combined control allows the generator to operate closer to its maximum torque point for higher efficiency at each operating speed.
Steady State Operation And Enhancement Of Transient Stability In Hydel Power...IJMER
In this paper, the effect of STATCOM for improving the stability and steady state operation of
the hydel power system is investigated. The STATCOM is used to control power flow of power system by
injecting appropriate reactive power during dynamic state. Simulation results show that STATCOM not
only considerably improves transient stability but also compensates the reactive power in steady state.
Therefore STATCOM can increase reliability and capability of AC transmission system. To illustrate the
performance of the FACTS controller (STATCOM), a three machine nine bus, Multi-Machine Power
System has been considered.
Optimized servo-speed control of wind turbine coupled to doubly fed inductio...IJECEIAES
Optimal control of any variable speed wind turbine needs maximum power point tracking (MPPT) coupled to doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for better power generation. This paper offers a novel direct power servo-speed control of wind turbine. This latter is based on DFIG optimal hysteresis MPPT inverter current control combined with space voltage modulation (SVM) inverter voltage technique, thus providing a stable and continuous energy flow to power grid. In this design, the asynchronous machine stator is directly connected to the grid. Bidirectional power converter, acting as frequency converter, is rotor circuit located. Rectifier supplies rotor windings with voltages and reference frequency resulting from control procedure of the power exchange between the stator and grid. Inverter is directly controlled by means of SVM technique to maintain direct current (DC) bus voltage constant. Simulation results show that the proposed configuration improves power converters efficiency due that rotor circuit needs less power than stator circuit which is injected into the grid.
IRJET- Review of Power Quality Problem Improvement by Integration of Solar PV...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that reviews improving power quality in a grid-connected distributed generation system integrating a DFIG wind farm and solar PV panels with a UPQC device. The UPQC mitigates both voltage sags and current harmonics on the source and load sides. Simulation results show the THD is reduced when the UPQC is included and further reduced by adding a solar PV array to the UPQC DC link. The complete system is modeled and analyzed in MATLAB to evaluate the performance and power quality enhancement provided by the UPQC with and without integrated solar power.
TCSC AND SVC OPTIMAL LOCATION TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF POWER SYSTEM WITH...eeiej_journal
Wind generation connection to power system affects steady state and transient stability. Furthermore, this
effect increases with the increase of wind penetration in generation capacity. In this paper optimal location
of FACTS devices is carried out to solve the steady state problems of wind penetration. Two case studies
are carried out on modified IEEE39 bus system one with wind reduction to 20% and the second with wind
penetration increase by 50% in the two cases system suffer from outage of one generator with load at bus
39 decreases from 1104 MW to 900 MW.
Review Grid Connected Wind Photovoltaic Cogeneration Using Back to Back Volta...IJSRED
This document reviews a proposed system for grid-connected wind and photovoltaic cogeneration using back-to-back voltage source converters. The system uses a permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind power generation and a boost converter for maximum solar power generation through maximum power point tracking. Simulation results are provided to validate the proposed system, which is designed to maximize energy capture from the wind turbine and solar array and deliver it to the utility grid. Control systems are designed for maximum power point tracking of the solar array and synchronization of the inverters with the grid voltage.
Application of statcom to increase transient stability of wind farmMellah Hacene
This document summarizes a study on using STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) to improve the transient stability of a wind farm connected to a power grid. The study first models the wind turbine system and simulates the grid's transient stability with and without STATCOM. Results show STATCOM improves stability by injecting reactive power. It then examines the relationship between STATCOM's reactive power injection and the critical clearing time - the maximum time allowed for fault clearing before losing stability. STATCOM increases the critical clearing time, allowing more time for faults to be cleared before instability occurs. The study concludes STATCOM effectively improves the wind farm's transient stability during faults.
Improved Power Quality by using STATCOM Under Various Loading ConditionsIJMTST Journal
This document discusses improving power quality using a STATCOM under various loading conditions. It first provides background on power quality issues and defines STATCOM. It then describes the system topology which includes a wind energy generation system connected to the grid along with a STATCOM and battery energy storage system. Two control schemes for the STATCOM are proposed: Bang-Bang current control and fuzzy logic control. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink are presented for various cases including balanced/unbalanced linear and non-linear loads, showing the STATCOM is able to mitigate power quality issues and regulate voltage.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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This document describes research to develop and validate a scale to measure lean service. It involves a 5-step process: 1) Developing initial items from literature, 2) Validating items with experts which eliminated 29 items, 3) Conducting exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on the remaining 58 items using data from a ports organization, 4) Performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate extracted factors, 5) Assessing reliability. EFA identified 10 factors with eigenvalues over 1. The scale, Lean Service Scale (LSS), includes 27 items across 6 dimensions: lean structure, inventory, maintenance/repair, movement, and staff. The research aims to address the lack of a validated scale for measuring
This document describes a study that used remote sensing and GIS techniques to develop a land use plan for Lunglei District in Mizoram, India. Satellite imagery was analyzed to map the existing land use/land cover, which included agricultural land, forests, bamboo forests, scrubland, and water bodies. Slope maps were also generated. The land use plan proposed allocating different areas to uses like wet rice cultivation, terrace farming, agro-horticulture, forest conservation, and afforestation based on the existing land use and slope. The analysis in a GIS system helped produce maps and statistics to inform a productive and sustainable land use plan for the district.
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Ijetr021123
1. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-1, January 2014
48 www.erpublication.org
Abstract— Recently, renewable wind energy is enjoying a rapid
growth globally to become an important green electricity
source to replace polluting and exhausting fossil fuel. However,
Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the
power quality [1]. The paper study demonstrates the power
quality problem due to installation of wind turbine with the
grid and also investigations on an induction generator based
wind farm in combination with a STATCOM under
unbalanced load fault on grid is carried out on main line. A
STATCOM control structure with the capability to coordinate
the control between the positive and the negative sequence of
the grid voltage is proposed. The results clarify the effect of the
positive and the negative sequence voltage compensation by a
STATCOM on the operation of the induction generator based
wind farm [2]. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid
connected wind energy generation system for power quality
improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in
power system block set. Finally the proposed scheme is applied
for both balanced and unbalanced loads.
Index Terms — Power Quality, Wind Generating System
(WGS), Induction Generator, Low-Voltage Ride Through,
Statcom
I. INTRODUCTION
TO have sustainable growth and social progress, it is
necessary to meet the energy need by utilizing the renewable
energy resources like wind, biomass, hydro, co-generation,
etc. in sustainable energy system, energy conservation and
the use of renewable source are the key paradigm. The need
to integrate the renewable energy like wind energy into
power system is to make it possible to minimize the
environmental impact on conventional plant The
integration of wind energy into existing power system
presents a technical challenges and that requires
consideration of voltage regulation, stability, power quality
problems. The power quality is an essential customer-
focused measure and is greatly affected by the operation of a
distribution [3]
Permanent-magnet synchronous generator, a
non-negligible percentage of 15% of the operating wind
turbines in Europe in 2010 is still of the fixed-speed
induction generator (FSIG)-type directly connected to the
grid because this generator type cannot provide reactive
Manuscript received January 09, 2014
Balaji.K, Power System Engineering, Valliammai Engineering College,
Chennai, India, 9894341900
Madhusudanan.G, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Valliammai
Engineering College, Chennai, India.
power control, it cannot fulfill the demanding grid code
requirements without additional devices. During voltage
dips, the induction Generators may consume a large amount
of reactive power as their speed deviates from the
synchronous speed, which can lead to a voltage collapse and
further fault propagation in the network. [2]
Today, more than 28 000 wind generating turbines are
successfully operating all over the world. In the fixed-speed
wind turbine operation, all the fluctuation in the wind speed
are transmitted as fluctuations in the mechanical torque,
electrical power on the grid and leads to large voltage
fluctuations. During the normal operation, wind turbine
produces a continuous variable output power. These power
variations are mainlycaused by the effect of turbulence, wind
shear, and tower-shadow and of control system in the power
system. Thus, the network needs to manage for such
fluctuations. The power quality issues can be viewed with
respect to the wind generation, transmission and distribution
network, such as voltage sag, swells, flickers, harmonic etc.
However the wind generator introduces disturbances into the
distribution network. One of the simple methods of running a
wind generating system is to use the induction generator
connected directly to the grid system. The induction
generator has inherent advantages of cost effectiveness and
robustness. However; induction generators require reactive
power for magnetization. When the generated active power
of an induction generator is varied due to wind, absorbed
reactive power and terminal voltage of an induction
generator can be significantly affected. A proper control
scheme in wind energy generation system is required under
normal operating condition to allow the proper control over
the active power production. In the event of increasing grid
disturbance, a battery energy storage system for wind energy
generating system is generally required to compensate the
fluctuation generated by wind turbine. A STATCOM based
control technology has been proposed for improving the
power qualitywhich can technicallymanages the power level
associates with the commercial wind turbines.
The proposed STATCOM control scheme for grid
connected wind energy generation for power quality
improvement has following objectives.
• Unity power factor at the source side.
• Reactive power support only from STATCOM to wind
Generator and Load.
• Simple bang-bang controller for STATCOM to achieve fast
dynamic response. [3]
Modelling and Performance Analysis of a Statcom
Control for Induction Generator Based Windfarm
under Unbalanced Loads
Balaji K , Madhusudanan G
2. Modelling and Performance Analysis of a Statcom Control for Induction Generator Based Windfarm Under
Unbalanced Loads
49 www.erpublication.org
This paper proposes the application of a statcom that is
connected to an FSIG-based wind farm and used to control
the positive- and the negative-sequence voltage during grid
faults. The novel contribution of this paper lies in the
coordination of the positive- and the negative-sequence
voltage control by the statcom and the related effect on the
wind turbine behavior. While the positive-sequence voltage
compensation leads to an increased voltage stability of the
wind farm, the negative sequence voltage compensation
leads to a reduction of torque ripple, increasing the lifetime
of the generator drive train. [2]
The paper is organized as fallows. The Section II
introduces the, issues and its consequences of wind energy
conversion model. The Section III introduces the induction
generator detailed model. The Section IV describes the
topology for. The Sections IV, V, VI describes the control
scheme, system performance and conclusion respectively.
This paper is structured as follows. The investigated power
system is described in Section II. An analysis of the power
quality issues in Section III is followed by the presentation of
the proposed statcom control structure in Section IV.
Simulation results are given in Section V. Under the
unbalanced grid voltage condition, the statcom is controlled
here to either compensate the positive- or the negative
sequence voltage.
II. WIND ENERGY CONVERSION MODEL
Fig 1. Detailed model of a single wind energy conversion system
A.Blade Model
The torque got from the turbine rotor is shown:
(1)
where ρis the air density:R is the wind turbine radius:
is the ratio of blade tip speed to wind speed
B.Hub Model
(Tae-Tlss ) (2)
Where Tae is the wind turbine torque; Tlss is the turbine
shaft torque; and Ta is the hub constant in [4].
III. POWER QUALITY ISSUES
A.Voltage fluctuation on grid:
The power fluctuation from wind turbine during
continuous operation causes voltage fluctuation on grid. The
amplitude of this fluctuation depends on grid strength,
network impedance, and phase angle and power factor [3].
The voltage fluctuation and flicker are caused due to
switching operation, pitch error, yaw error, fluctuation of
wind speed. Today, the measurement and assessment of
power quality on grid connected wind turbine is defined by
IEC 61400-21 and stated that the 10 minute average of
voltage fluctuation should be within +/- 5% of nominal value
B.Switching operation of wind turbine on the grid.
Switching operations of wind turbine generating system
can cause voltage fluctuations and thus voltage sag, voltage
swell that may cause significant voltage variation. The
acceptances of switching operation depend not only on grid
voltage but also on how often this may occur. The maximum
number of above specified switching operation within 10-
minute period and 2-hr period are defined in IEC 61400-3-7
Standard.
C.Voltage dips on the grid.
It is a sudden reduction of voltage to a value between
1% & 90 % of nominal value after a short period of time,
conventionally 1ms to 1 min.
D.Reactive Power
Traditional wind turbine is equipped with induction
generator. Induction Generator is preferred because they are
inexpensive, rugged and requires little maintenance.
Unfortunately induction generators require reactive power
from the grid to operate. The interactions between wind
turbine and power system network are important aspect of
wind generation system. When wind turbine is equipped with
an induction generator and fixed capacitor are used for
reactive compensation then the risk of self-excitation may
occur during off grid operation.
E.Harmonics
The harmonics distortion caused by non-linear load,
Saturation of magnetization of transformer and a distorted
line current. The current generated by such load interact with
power system impedance and gives rise to harmonics. The
effect of harmonics in the power system can lead to
degradation of power quality at the consumer‘s terminal,
increase of power losses, and malfunction in communication
system [16]
IV. STATCOM CONTROL STRUCTURE
3. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-1, January 2014
50 www.erpublication.org
STATCOM is a controlled reactive power source. It
provides the reactive power generation and absorption by
using a Voltage Source Converter (VSC).The active power
absorption or generation capability of the STATCOM is
normally used under special circumstances such as to
enhance the steady state and transient voltage control, and to
improve the sag elimination capability [5].
The Statcom control structure is based on a voltage
oriented vector control as usually applied to three phase grid
connected converters. It is a cascade control structure with
inner PI current controllers in a rotating dq reference frame
with grid voltage orientation. Resonant controllers tuned at
100 Hz in the same positive dq reference frame are added to
realize the negative sequence current control. Note, that the
control of the negative sequence currents can also be
performed in a negative rotating reference frame with PI
controllers, but by using resonant controllers in a positive
rotating reference frame there is no need for a sequence
separation of the currents.
The overall control structure is shown in Fig 2. Note that
a possible Statcom power circuit is shown here as a voltage
source converter connected to the grid byan LCL filter, while
the Statcom is modeled as a three phase controlled voltage
source in the simulations neglecting the switching behavior.
Fig.2 Proposed control structure of the Statcom to control the positive-
and the negative-sequence voltage independently.
The outer control loops are designed to control the DC
voltage and the positive and negative sequence of the voltage
at the connection point of the Statcom. Therefore a precise
sequence separation of the measured voltage into positive
and negative sequence components is necessary, which is
performed based on dual second order generalized
integrators. Using the sequence separation the positive and
negative sequence of the voltage appears as DC values and
can be controlled byPI controllers. To ensure a safe operation
of the Statcom within its current capability the current
references given by the four outer controllers must be limited
to the maximum statcom current. [6]
For the investigations under unbalanced grid fault
different control targets will be compared to clarify the effect
of positive or negative sequence voltage compensation on the
operation of the induction generators. The target of the first
method is to compensate the positive sequence voltage, while
the negative sequence voltage will remain unchanged. The
target of the second method is to eliminate the negative
sequence of the voltage, while the positive sequence voltage
will remain unchanged.
V. SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS
Fig.4 shows the complete MATLAB model of Wind
energy generating system along with STATCOM control
circuit. The power circuit as well as control system are
modeled using Power System Block Set and Simulink. The
grid source is represented by three phase AC source (wind
energy and ac supply are injected through grid by using
linear transformer).Three phase AC loads are connected at
the load end. STATCOM is connected in shunt and it
consists of PWM voltage source inverter circuit and a DC
capacitor connected at its DC bus. The three phase injected
current into the grid from STATCOM will cancel out the
distortion caused by the nonlinear load and wind generator.
The IGBT based three-phase inverter is connected to grid
through the
transformer.
Fig.4 MATLAB/SIMULINK Modeling Of Grid Connected WECS with
STATCOM Controller
A. STATCOM –Performance Under Voltage Variations
The wind energy generating system is connected with
grid having the nonlinear load. The performance of the
system is measured byswitching the STACOM at time t=0.5s
in the system and how the STATCOM responds to the step
change command for increase in additional load at 1.0 s is
shown in the simulation. When STATCOM controller is
made ON, without change in any other load condition
parameters, it starts to mitigate for reactive demand as well
as harmonic current. The dynamic performance is also
carried out by step change in a load, when applied at 1.0 s.
This additional demand is fulfill by STATCOM
compensator. Thus, STATCOM can regulate the available
real power from source. The result of source side three phase
4. Modelling and Performance Analysis of a Statcom Control for Induction Generator Based Windfarm Under
Unbalanced Loads
51 www.erpublication.org
voltages, load current and voltage are shown in Fig.5 and 6
respectively.
Fig.5 Source side three phase voltage waveform
Fig.6 Load side current and voltage waveform
B. Positive and negative sequences voltage
The results of this section enhance the understanding of
the voltage control performed by the Statcom and the
resulting operation of the induction generators. A
STATCOM control structure with the capability to
coordinate the control between the positive and the negative
sequence of the grid voltage is proposed. The results clarify
the effect of the positive and the negative sequence voltage
compensation by a STATCOM on the operation of the
induction generator based wind farm. The capability of the
statcom to compensate a voltage component depends on the
chosen current rating of the statcom and the impedance of the
power system. For a high current rating of the statcom and a
weak power system (with high system impedance), the
voltage compensation capability of the statcom is also
increased.
Fig.7 Positive Sequence Voltage Waveform
Fig.8 Negative Sequence Voltage Waveform
C. Power Quality Improvements
It is observed that the source current on the grid is
affected due to the effects of nonlinear load and wind
generator, thus purity of waveform may be lost on both sides
in the system. The dynamic load does affect the inverter
output voltage. The Fourier analysis of this waveform is
expressed and the THD of this source current at PCC without
STATCOM is 8.71%, as shown in Fig. 5.9. The power
quality improvement is observed at point of common
coupling, when the controller is in ON condition. The
STATCOM is placed in the operation at 0.5 s and source
current waveform is shown in Fig. 5.9 with its FFT. It is
shown that the THD has been improved considerably and
within the norms of the standard.
Fig.9 Source current and fft of source current
Fig.10 Source current and fft of source current
VI. CONCLUSION
In this project investigate the power quality problem due to
installation of wind turbine with the grid and also
investigations on an induction generator based wind farm in
combination with a STATCOM under unbalanced load fault
on grid is carried out on main line is simulated and analyzed.
A STATCOM control structure with the capability to
coordinate the control between the positive and the negative
sequence of the grid voltage is analyzed. The results clarify
the effect of the positive and the negative sequence voltage
compensation by a STATCOM on the operation of the
induction generator based wind farm. The effectiveness of
the proposed scheme relives the main supply source from the
reactive power demand of the load and the induction
generator
5. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-1, January 2014
52 www.erpublication.org
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Balaji.K, Power System Engineering, Valliammai Engineering College,
Chennai, India, 9894341900
Madhusudanan.G, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Valliammai
Engineering College, Chennai, India.