The document discusses the impact of sectorization on UMTS radio access network coverage planning. It analyzes three different site layout configurations: single omni-directional antenna sites, 3-sector sites, and 6-sector sites. The number of sites required to cover a deployment area is estimated for each configuration. Sectorized sites use high gain directional antennas to cover sectors, replacing omni-directional antennas. Link budget calculations are performed to determine the maximum path loss and cell radius for different clutter types. The results can be used to study the effect of sectorization and antenna gain on the number of sites needed.
A trade-off design of microstrip broadband power amplifier for UHF applications IJECEIAES
In this paper, the design of a Broadband Power Amplifier for UHF applications is presented. The proposed BPA is based on ATF13876 Agilent active device. The biasing and matching networks both are implemented by using microstrip transmission lines. The input and output matching circuits are designed by combining two broadband matching techniques: a binomial multi-section quarter wave impedance transformer and an approximate transformation of previously designed lumped elements. The proposed BPA shows excellent performances in terms of impedance matching, power gain and unconditionally stability over the operating bandwidth ranging from 1.2 GHz to 3.3 GHz. At 2.2 GHz, the large signal simulation shows a saturated output power of 18.875 dBm with an output 1-dB compression point of 6.5 dBm of input level and a maximum PAE of 36.26%.
Performance Analysis of Antenna Selection Techniques in MIMO-OFDM System with...IJECEIAES
In this paper we propose a new MIMO-OFDM model in which we consider various antenna selection techniques like Bulk selection and Per-subcarrier selection etc. with hardware impairments such as non-linearties of amplifiers, quantization noise, phase noise and I-Q imbalance etc. As we know that the transceiver hardware impairments limit the channel capacity and the energy efficiency of MIMO-OFDM system, so we can not neglect the fundamental impacts of these hardware impairments {Kappa (0.05 0.1)} on the energy efficiency in the high SNR domain. Therefore we analyze the Energy Efficiency of Bulk and Per-subcarrier antenna selection techniques with or without hardware impairments. It has been observed that the energy efficiency decreases as the value of these hardware impairments increases. As we compared the Bulk antenna selection with the Per-subcarrier antenna selection scheme, the Per-subcarrier antenna selection requires more number of RF (radio frequency) chains and transmits power in comparison to the Bulk selection. Due to this, the Bulk antenna selection technique is more energy efficient than Per-subcarrier antenna selection.
This paper presents the design and performance comparison of a two stage
operational amplifier topology using CMOS and BiCMOS technology. This conventional op
amp circuit was designed by using RF model of BSIM3V3 in 0.6 μm CMOS technology and
0.35 μm BiCMOS technology. Both the op amp circuits were designed and simulated,
analyzed and performance parameters are compared. The performance parameters such as
gain, phase margin, CMRR, PSRR, power consumption etc achieved are compared. Finally,
we conclude the suitability of CMOS technology over BiCMOS technology for low power
RF design.
A trade-off design of microstrip broadband power amplifier for UHF applications IJECEIAES
In this paper, the design of a Broadband Power Amplifier for UHF applications is presented. The proposed BPA is based on ATF13876 Agilent active device. The biasing and matching networks both are implemented by using microstrip transmission lines. The input and output matching circuits are designed by combining two broadband matching techniques: a binomial multi-section quarter wave impedance transformer and an approximate transformation of previously designed lumped elements. The proposed BPA shows excellent performances in terms of impedance matching, power gain and unconditionally stability over the operating bandwidth ranging from 1.2 GHz to 3.3 GHz. At 2.2 GHz, the large signal simulation shows a saturated output power of 18.875 dBm with an output 1-dB compression point of 6.5 dBm of input level and a maximum PAE of 36.26%.
Performance Analysis of Antenna Selection Techniques in MIMO-OFDM System with...IJECEIAES
In this paper we propose a new MIMO-OFDM model in which we consider various antenna selection techniques like Bulk selection and Per-subcarrier selection etc. with hardware impairments such as non-linearties of amplifiers, quantization noise, phase noise and I-Q imbalance etc. As we know that the transceiver hardware impairments limit the channel capacity and the energy efficiency of MIMO-OFDM system, so we can not neglect the fundamental impacts of these hardware impairments {Kappa (0.05 0.1)} on the energy efficiency in the high SNR domain. Therefore we analyze the Energy Efficiency of Bulk and Per-subcarrier antenna selection techniques with or without hardware impairments. It has been observed that the energy efficiency decreases as the value of these hardware impairments increases. As we compared the Bulk antenna selection with the Per-subcarrier antenna selection scheme, the Per-subcarrier antenna selection requires more number of RF (radio frequency) chains and transmits power in comparison to the Bulk selection. Due to this, the Bulk antenna selection technique is more energy efficient than Per-subcarrier antenna selection.
This paper presents the design and performance comparison of a two stage
operational amplifier topology using CMOS and BiCMOS technology. This conventional op
amp circuit was designed by using RF model of BSIM3V3 in 0.6 μm CMOS technology and
0.35 μm BiCMOS technology. Both the op amp circuits were designed and simulated,
analyzed and performance parameters are compared. The performance parameters such as
gain, phase margin, CMRR, PSRR, power consumption etc achieved are compared. Finally,
we conclude the suitability of CMOS technology over BiCMOS technology for low power
RF design.
Simulation and optimization of a tuneable rectangular microstrip patch antenn...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a tuneable rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is simulated and optimized to operate in four frequency bands of the next generation of wireless communication systems. The proposed design incorporates a copper radiating patch with four implanted graphene strips for tuning purposes. The reconfigurable surface impedance of graphene can easily be altered by applying a DC voltage bias directly to the graphene strips, allowing the operating frequency of the antenna to be tuned as desired. The capability of the applied voltage to tune the operating frequency band of the proposed antenna is studied via computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio (MWS). Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are introduced in order to improve the radiation parameters of the antenna. The operating frequency band of the tuneable rectangular MPA increases directly as the applied DC voltage bias is increased. Based on the simulation results, a tuneable rectangular MPA placed between two FSSs is proposed for fifth-generation applications.
Abstract –The energy efficiency has become more important in MIMO wireless communication system in recent days. The antennas at each end of the communications circuit are combined to minimize errors and optimize data speed. In Multiple Input Multiple Output Time Division Duplexing (MIMO TDD), by assuming reciprocity property the downlink transmission is based on uplink channel estimation. When more uplink pilot power ensures more accurate channel estimation and better downlink performance, it achieves higher energy consumption of mobile users. Link adaptation scheme uses different modulation schemes for different communication link quality. From the result of MIMO TDD, it ensures high Bit Error Rate.MIMO schemes are usually incorporated intoOFDM systems. The spatial and frequencyresource can be jointly allocated to improve EE.However, the complexity of the joint design may be prohibitive. This system is effective, in addition to that it also needs simple algorithms like energy efficiency optimization power allocation (EEOPA) algorithm of multiuser multiple input and multiple output (MU-MIMO) systems in order to obtain a trade-offbetween complexity and performance.
Circularly polarized antenna array based on hybrid couplers for 5G devicesjournalBEEI
This paper depicts a wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna for 5G devices. The antenna array has a 3D structure including four simple printed dipole elements with directional radiations, high gain, and high efficiency. It achieves a CP by using the sequential rotation (SR) feeding based on 90°-3dB hybrid couplers in the proposed feeding network. The antenna array bandwidth is wide, 26.7%, with an operating frequency band from 3.35 GHz to 4.35 GHz. The antenna achieves a high peak gain of 10.73 dBi and high efficiency of 93.75%. Besides, the antenna gain is stable over the operating bandwidth (BW). At the centre operating frequency of 3.75 GHz, the angle of circular polarization is 51°. The antenna is designed and fabricated on the Rogers 4003 C substrate. The measured S11 is well matching with the simulation results. With the above characteristics, the proposed antenna can be a suitable candidate for 5G devices.
One of the main challenges faced by the developing (3GPP-LTE-Advanced) standard is providing high throughput at the cell edge.
One solution to improve coverage is the use of fixed relays.
Today, we talk about the 5G NR MIMO Transmission ways. What are the required transmission schemes for NR MIMO?
There are three implementation options for the 5G NR beam assignment, which are analog, digital, and hybrid beam assignment. For these implementations, both multibeam-based and single-beam-based approaches should be considered. But what are the required transmission schemes for the 5G NR MIMO?
Performance evaluation of 1 tbps qpsk dwdm system over isowceSAT Journals
Abstract Optical wireless communications has been in latest trends of high speed communications. They enable the use of optical wireless channel in applications like inter satellite links and underwater communications etc. In this paper, we communicate an ultra high bit rate i.e. 1 Tbps (10 x 100 Gbps) QPSK WDM System over optical Wireless communication Link. The system is a Line of Sight optical wireless link incorporating Coherent QPSK modulation Scheme for10 channels each at 100 Gbps The performance is evaluated in terms of Q-Factor and Minimum Bit Error Rate which are noticed to be in acceptable standards. The Link is analyzed under various parameters such as Power, Distance etc and maximum achievable distance is noticed to be 50,000 km at power values ranging from 0 dBm to 40 dBm
3GPP is going to finalize the 5G standard by 2018. 5G is scheduled to launch in around early 2020s. Even if it is not determined yet regarding the standard technology details, many researchers expect that 5G will transfer 1000 times more data, and thus, can connect billions of IoT (Internet of Things) devices at the same time. Massive MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) is one of the key candidate technologies that enable 5G to support IoT devices connection. Massive MIMO (MaMi) technology can address the high capacity requirement demanded by 5G exploiting many antennas both in the transmitter and the receiver.
Designing large-scale antenna array using sub-arrayjournalBEEI
Antenna array of large scale have been examined for different applications including 5G technology. To get better data rate or a reliable link substantial number of antenna arrays have been utilized to provide high multiplexing gains as well as array gains with high directivity. In this paper a simple but efficient implementation technique of using sub-arrays for the improvement of large-sized uniform arrays. By repeating a small sub-array multiple times large arrays can be designed. This implication of utilizing small array simplifies the design of a larger array which allows the designer to concentrate on the smaller sub-array before assembling larger arrays. So, by investigating the sub arrays the performance and radiation characteristics of large arrays can be anticipated. The array-factor for a planar sub-array of 2x2 (4 elements) is analyzed using Mat-lab software and then a large array is formed by placing the 2x2 sub-array indifferent configurations in a rectangular arrangements up to 8x8 planar array. And then the results are validated with CST (Computer simulation technology) simulation results.In this way the array-factors, directivities, HPBWs, and side lobes of the constructed large arrays are analyzed and associated with the small sub-array.
Coverage and Capacity Performance Degradation on a Co-Located Network Involvi...Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract—Coverage and capacity performance in a cellular network determines the system potentials. If the coverage radius is limited, end users suffer poor service quality, if the system capacity reduces, fewer subscribers will be accommodated. This paper investigated the performance effects of the noise rise caused by the spurious emission from a co-located jammer involving downlink frequency of CDMA2000 and uplink frequency of WCDMA operating at 1.9GHz. Measurements were carried out to evaluate the impact on the coverage radius and the system capacity.
Outage performance users located outside D2D coverage area in downlink cellul...journalBEEI
Device-to-device (D2D) communication has been proposed to employ the proximity between two devices to enhance the overall spectrum utilization of a crowded cellular network. With the help of geometric probability tools, this framework considers the performance of cellular users under spatial separation with the D2D pair is investigated. The measurement results and analytical expression of outage probability show that the proposed frameworks improve the outage performance at a high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) at the base station. Results also interpret that the distances between nodes in the D2D-assisted network make slight impacts on the performance of the cellular user.
Characteristics MIMO 2x4 Antenna for 5G Communication SystemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents the characteristic MIMO 2x4 antenna for 5G communication system. The
proposed antenna works at 28 GHz and simulated by using CST simulation software. The antenna uses
RT Duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2. The MIMO antenna consists of eight elements
with rectangular patches and inset feeding. Thedimension of patch (Wp x Lp) is 6 mm x 8 mm. There are
three (3) antenna configurations derived in this paper such as; single element, 1x4 elements and 2x4
elements. The MIMO 1x4 elements antenna configuration is designed based on the single element
antenna with the distance between center to center elements antennas of 5 mm. The MIMO 2x4 antenna
is formed from the MIMO 1x4 element configuration with the opposite direction. The 2x4 element antenna,
a distance between opposite antenna elements is 10 mm. From the simulation results, it is shown that by
increasing the number elements of antenna affect to the directivity and the return loss. Antenna with 2x4
elements has 14 dBi of directivity with the return loss of -19 dB. While antenna with 1x4 elements, the
directivity obtained is 14.3 dBi with return loss of -18 dB.
Professor Mark Beach's presentation (without videos) on the University of Bristol's Massive MIMO activities as given at the IET's 'Towards 5G Mobile Technology – Vision to Reality' event, January 25th 2017.
Simulation and optimization of a tuneable rectangular microstrip patch antenn...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a tuneable rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is simulated and optimized to operate in four frequency bands of the next generation of wireless communication systems. The proposed design incorporates a copper radiating patch with four implanted graphene strips for tuning purposes. The reconfigurable surface impedance of graphene can easily be altered by applying a DC voltage bias directly to the graphene strips, allowing the operating frequency of the antenna to be tuned as desired. The capability of the applied voltage to tune the operating frequency band of the proposed antenna is studied via computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio (MWS). Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are introduced in order to improve the radiation parameters of the antenna. The operating frequency band of the tuneable rectangular MPA increases directly as the applied DC voltage bias is increased. Based on the simulation results, a tuneable rectangular MPA placed between two FSSs is proposed for fifth-generation applications.
Abstract –The energy efficiency has become more important in MIMO wireless communication system in recent days. The antennas at each end of the communications circuit are combined to minimize errors and optimize data speed. In Multiple Input Multiple Output Time Division Duplexing (MIMO TDD), by assuming reciprocity property the downlink transmission is based on uplink channel estimation. When more uplink pilot power ensures more accurate channel estimation and better downlink performance, it achieves higher energy consumption of mobile users. Link adaptation scheme uses different modulation schemes for different communication link quality. From the result of MIMO TDD, it ensures high Bit Error Rate.MIMO schemes are usually incorporated intoOFDM systems. The spatial and frequencyresource can be jointly allocated to improve EE.However, the complexity of the joint design may be prohibitive. This system is effective, in addition to that it also needs simple algorithms like energy efficiency optimization power allocation (EEOPA) algorithm of multiuser multiple input and multiple output (MU-MIMO) systems in order to obtain a trade-offbetween complexity and performance.
Circularly polarized antenna array based on hybrid couplers for 5G devicesjournalBEEI
This paper depicts a wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna for 5G devices. The antenna array has a 3D structure including four simple printed dipole elements with directional radiations, high gain, and high efficiency. It achieves a CP by using the sequential rotation (SR) feeding based on 90°-3dB hybrid couplers in the proposed feeding network. The antenna array bandwidth is wide, 26.7%, with an operating frequency band from 3.35 GHz to 4.35 GHz. The antenna achieves a high peak gain of 10.73 dBi and high efficiency of 93.75%. Besides, the antenna gain is stable over the operating bandwidth (BW). At the centre operating frequency of 3.75 GHz, the angle of circular polarization is 51°. The antenna is designed and fabricated on the Rogers 4003 C substrate. The measured S11 is well matching with the simulation results. With the above characteristics, the proposed antenna can be a suitable candidate for 5G devices.
One of the main challenges faced by the developing (3GPP-LTE-Advanced) standard is providing high throughput at the cell edge.
One solution to improve coverage is the use of fixed relays.
Today, we talk about the 5G NR MIMO Transmission ways. What are the required transmission schemes for NR MIMO?
There are three implementation options for the 5G NR beam assignment, which are analog, digital, and hybrid beam assignment. For these implementations, both multibeam-based and single-beam-based approaches should be considered. But what are the required transmission schemes for the 5G NR MIMO?
Performance evaluation of 1 tbps qpsk dwdm system over isowceSAT Journals
Abstract Optical wireless communications has been in latest trends of high speed communications. They enable the use of optical wireless channel in applications like inter satellite links and underwater communications etc. In this paper, we communicate an ultra high bit rate i.e. 1 Tbps (10 x 100 Gbps) QPSK WDM System over optical Wireless communication Link. The system is a Line of Sight optical wireless link incorporating Coherent QPSK modulation Scheme for10 channels each at 100 Gbps The performance is evaluated in terms of Q-Factor and Minimum Bit Error Rate which are noticed to be in acceptable standards. The Link is analyzed under various parameters such as Power, Distance etc and maximum achievable distance is noticed to be 50,000 km at power values ranging from 0 dBm to 40 dBm
3GPP is going to finalize the 5G standard by 2018. 5G is scheduled to launch in around early 2020s. Even if it is not determined yet regarding the standard technology details, many researchers expect that 5G will transfer 1000 times more data, and thus, can connect billions of IoT (Internet of Things) devices at the same time. Massive MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) is one of the key candidate technologies that enable 5G to support IoT devices connection. Massive MIMO (MaMi) technology can address the high capacity requirement demanded by 5G exploiting many antennas both in the transmitter and the receiver.
Designing large-scale antenna array using sub-arrayjournalBEEI
Antenna array of large scale have been examined for different applications including 5G technology. To get better data rate or a reliable link substantial number of antenna arrays have been utilized to provide high multiplexing gains as well as array gains with high directivity. In this paper a simple but efficient implementation technique of using sub-arrays for the improvement of large-sized uniform arrays. By repeating a small sub-array multiple times large arrays can be designed. This implication of utilizing small array simplifies the design of a larger array which allows the designer to concentrate on the smaller sub-array before assembling larger arrays. So, by investigating the sub arrays the performance and radiation characteristics of large arrays can be anticipated. The array-factor for a planar sub-array of 2x2 (4 elements) is analyzed using Mat-lab software and then a large array is formed by placing the 2x2 sub-array indifferent configurations in a rectangular arrangements up to 8x8 planar array. And then the results are validated with CST (Computer simulation technology) simulation results.In this way the array-factors, directivities, HPBWs, and side lobes of the constructed large arrays are analyzed and associated with the small sub-array.
Coverage and Capacity Performance Degradation on a Co-Located Network Involvi...Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract—Coverage and capacity performance in a cellular network determines the system potentials. If the coverage radius is limited, end users suffer poor service quality, if the system capacity reduces, fewer subscribers will be accommodated. This paper investigated the performance effects of the noise rise caused by the spurious emission from a co-located jammer involving downlink frequency of CDMA2000 and uplink frequency of WCDMA operating at 1.9GHz. Measurements were carried out to evaluate the impact on the coverage radius and the system capacity.
Outage performance users located outside D2D coverage area in downlink cellul...journalBEEI
Device-to-device (D2D) communication has been proposed to employ the proximity between two devices to enhance the overall spectrum utilization of a crowded cellular network. With the help of geometric probability tools, this framework considers the performance of cellular users under spatial separation with the D2D pair is investigated. The measurement results and analytical expression of outage probability show that the proposed frameworks improve the outage performance at a high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) at the base station. Results also interpret that the distances between nodes in the D2D-assisted network make slight impacts on the performance of the cellular user.
Characteristics MIMO 2x4 Antenna for 5G Communication SystemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents the characteristic MIMO 2x4 antenna for 5G communication system. The
proposed antenna works at 28 GHz and simulated by using CST simulation software. The antenna uses
RT Duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2. The MIMO antenna consists of eight elements
with rectangular patches and inset feeding. Thedimension of patch (Wp x Lp) is 6 mm x 8 mm. There are
three (3) antenna configurations derived in this paper such as; single element, 1x4 elements and 2x4
elements. The MIMO 1x4 elements antenna configuration is designed based on the single element
antenna with the distance between center to center elements antennas of 5 mm. The MIMO 2x4 antenna
is formed from the MIMO 1x4 element configuration with the opposite direction. The 2x4 element antenna,
a distance between opposite antenna elements is 10 mm. From the simulation results, it is shown that by
increasing the number elements of antenna affect to the directivity and the return loss. Antenna with 2x4
elements has 14 dBi of directivity with the return loss of -19 dB. While antenna with 1x4 elements, the
directivity obtained is 14.3 dBi with return loss of -18 dB.
Professor Mark Beach's presentation (without videos) on the University of Bristol's Massive MIMO activities as given at the IET's 'Towards 5G Mobile Technology – Vision to Reality' event, January 25th 2017.
Knowledge Discovery Through Data Visualization Of Drive Test DataCSCJournals
This paper focuses on the analysis of a large volume of drive test data and the identification of adverse trends or aberrant behavior of a mobile handset under test by means of drive test data visualization. The first target application was to identify poor mobility decisions that are made by the handsets in calls. The goal was to compare a set of behaviors from a baseline unit (one accepted to generally operate well). We were able to identify a particular call that was exhibiting a different path (talking to a different cell than expected or taking longer to move to a new cell). In this paper we develop a mobility tool that evaluates the handset’s performance by means of mapping the handoffs on the Google Maps. The mapping of the handoffs by means of the Google Maps were very powerful in identifying the above mentioned mobility patterns.
http://unfunnel.com/buyer-keywords-seo-guide/
In this report, we share a buyer keyword list of 281 red hot keywords - with examples from certain niche markets - each with proven buyer intent.
http://unfunnel.com/buyer-keywords-seo-guide/
Need to arm yourself with the ammunition to say NO to overbearing and unproven marketing requests from unMarketers at work? Say goodbye to the old order taker mentality and hello to analytical and strategic thinking.
This suite of communication packages will work to add some realism to any unMarketer’s fantasy, ineffective and totally unrealistic hair-brained dream. For both marketing campaigns and events, we have come up with standardized packages complete with averages hours and costs to execute.
Tell them to STHU and put the money where their mouth is. Stop working on what they want and have more time to create what you KNOW will work.
Google Analytics Campaign Tag Management Templateunfunnel
This Excel template includes:
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• A template to store you campaign element information, source codes and tracking URLs
• Strategy on using custom channel grouping in Google Analytics for channel attribution and optimization
Rank #1 on your long-tail keywords in blogs and social media posts.
This template will help you with:
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• Call to Actions (CTAs) associated with posts
Believe it or not, Facebook isn't just for cat photos, news articles, selfies, and ads. Businesses like yours can actually generate customers from Facebook – as long as you're using the right approach.
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How to determine your Facebook marketing objective
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Coverage and Capacity Performance Degradation on a Co-Located Network Involvi...Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract—Coverage and capacity performance in a cellular network determines the system potentials. If the coverage radius is limited, end users suffer poor service quality, if the system capacity reduces, fewer subscribers will be accommodated. This paper investigated the performance effects of the noise rise caused by the spurious emission from a co-located jammer involving downlink frequency of CDMA2000 and uplink frequency of WCDMA operating at 1.9GHz. Measurements were carried out to evaluate the impact on the coverage radius and the system capacity.
Performance Analysis of GSM Network for Different Types of Antennas IJEEE
Today, in metro cities BTSs are increasing day by day and interference is also increasing. This paper shows the received power of the cell depends on a number of factors. Antenna gain and antenna type are one of the important parameters for this. This paper reveals the effect of signal received power by changing the antenna gain and antenna type.The antenna used is omnidirectional and switched beam and gain varies from 5 to 15 dB.The GSM network is simulated for 6 users in Qualnet software.
Downlink massive full dimension-multiple input multiple output downlink beam...IJECEIAES
The long-term evolution and advancement (LTE-A) of the 5G wireless network depends critically on energy consumption. Many existing solutions focus on limiting power constraints and consequently system coverage. So, improving the antenna array elements of the base station (BS) can solve this issue. In this paper, introduce a coordinated ON-OFF switching method in the massive full dimensional multiple input multiple output (massive-FD-MIMO) system. It enhances the radiation pattern of the antenna array element by adjusting the angular power spectra at the BS. By the way, it allows to select the minimum number of antennas for effective beamforming toward specific user equipment’s (UEs). In this context, part of antenna element should be active mode and remining should be sleep mode at the time of signal beamforming. The multipath spatial profiles are decided the beamforming frequency band with minimize energy consumption. As part of the method, we used a conjugated beamforming with power optimization scheme to determine the individual antenna potential and fading channel condition, power optimization is performed. This method quality of service, reliability, energy consumption and data rate can all be evaluated by experimenting with different-sized antenna arrays such as 16×16, 32×32, 64×64 and 128×128.
Mimo and cooperative mimo comparison in energy constrained wireless sensor ne...eSAT Journals
Abstract In Wireless Sensor Network commonly referred as WSN, the hubs or nodes are operated by batteries so that the energy utilization should be diminished, while fulfilling the given throughput and given requirement. The paper studies about the performance and energy consumption of cooperative MIMO and MIMO (multi input multi output) based communication. The average energy usage comprises circuit energy and transmission energy consumption. The comparison between the multi-input- multi-output (MIMO) and cooperative MIMO techniques help us to choose the best scheme for energy constrained wireless sensor network application. The simulation result shows that energy efficiency of MIMO (multi-input-multi-output) and SISO (single-input-single-output) is better for longer distances and thud increase the system life time. Keywords: Cooperative MIMO, MISO, SISO, SIMO, wireless sensor network, energy efficiency, BER performance
Channel Overlapping Between IMT-Advanced Users and Fixed Satellite ServiceEECJOURNAL
The Novel technique to modulate the nulls in the radiation pattern of IMT-Advanced base station (BS) towards the fixed satellite service is (FSS) affirmed in this paper. Designing a new algorithm to extract the nulls in the forbidding area and other base on MUSIC algorithm to estimate the direction of mobile user and control the handover technique is our major concern. A scenario of two mobile users (MS) moving around one FSS had been exclusively studied and simulated. Calculating the shortest separation distance after identifying the critical point and compare the result with the recent recommendation had shown how magnificent coexistence and spectrum sharing we can get.
Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR) in LTE-A Heterogeneous Networks based upon Power R...IJECEIAES
As the traffic demand grows and the RF environment changes, the mobile network relies on techniques such as SFR in Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) to overcome capacity and link budget limitation to maintain user experience. Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) strongly affecting Signal-toInterference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) of active UEs, especially cell-edge users, which leads to a significant degradation in the total throughput. In this paper we evaluate the performance of SFR with HetNet system in order dealing with interferences. Simulation result shows that the power ratio control in SFR HetNet system doesn’t have much effect on total achieved capacity for overall cell.
COMPARISON BETWEEN ENERGY EFFICIENT COOPERATIVE MIMO AND COOPERATIVE RELAY IN...jantjournal
Wireless sensor network consists of thousand number of sensor nodes employed in a wide range of data gathering application such as environmental gathering, military applications etc. Each sensor node in WS N are powered by battery having limited energy so it is very difficult to replace there batteries for prolonged the network life time. Maximizing the network lifetime have been most important design goal for the network. In WSN channel fading and radio interference constitute a big dispute in design of energy efficient communication protocol. To reduce fading and energy consumption in WSN, MIMO MISO SISO scheme is employed but implement multiple antenna technology to sensor network is improbable because of the sensor node generally support a single antenna. Cooperative scheme are utilized in WSN by applying the collective nature of the sensor nodes to provide reliable communication links in order to lower the total energy consumption. In this paper, the cooperative technique are inspected and by comparing different cooperative techniques we can elect the best cooperative scheme for energy constrained WS N application.
EFFECTIVE RESOURCE SHARING WITH UNIVERSAL BASE-BAND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY SUP...IAEME Publication
In our paper, SRAN (single radio access network technology) supports multi-band and multi-mode communication for mobile users. In this, we address the signaling impact results of various mobile bands and its spectrum utilization, resource utilization for high speed and its reduced latency model. We deployed this architecture of network using reduced space capacity and increased network resource utilization. Achievements made by simplicity of baseband board technology. This introduces an optimization problem involving a trade-off between the number of additional bands that are required and the costs of moving through the mobile field for the purpose of spectrum usage. The Basic idea is to achieve 2G, 3G and LTE communication using a single multi-band rectangular antenna. The method proposed guarantee that no further delay or latency of the network can occur during the restoration. It considers about the energy consumption and the remaining energy of base station as well as quality of links to find energy-efficient and reliable routes that increase the operational lifetime of the network. Quality of Service of the communication network is also improved in rural or hilly regions. From this, we will analyze the multimode concurrency and conclude the performance of different bands. The performance can be shown in graphical model.
THE PERFORMANCE OF CONVOLUTIONAL CODING BASED COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATION: RELAYIJCNCJournal
Wireless communication faces adversities due to noise, fading, and path loss. Multiple-Input MultipleOutput (MIMO) systems are used to overcome individual fading effect by employing transmit diversity. Duo to user single-antenna, Cooperation between at least two users is able to provide spatial diversity. This paper presents the evaluation of the performances of the Amplify and Forward (AF) cooperative system for different relay positions using several network topologies over Rayleigh and Rician fading channel. Furthermore, we present the performances of AF cooperative system with various power allocation. The results show that cooperative communication with convolutional coding shows an outperformance compared to the non-convolutional, which is a promising solution for high data-rate networks such as (WSN), Ad hoc, (IoT), and even mobile networks. When topologies are compared, the simulation shows that, linear topology offers the best BER performance, in contrast when the relay acts as source and the source take the relay place, the analysis result shows that, equilateral triangle topology has the best BER performance and stability, and the system performance with inter-user Rician fading channel is better than the performance of the system with inter-user Rayleigh fading channel.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.