This document evaluates the tensile properties of epoxy resin composites reinforced with different natural fibers like jute, banana, and flax fibers, as well as uniaxial glass fibers. Samples were prepared with two different weight fractions using hand lay-up and tested for tensile properties. Results showed that wear rate decreased with higher reinforcement concentration but increased with higher speed and sliding distance. Additionally, banana fiber hybrid composites exhibited less wear than the other composites. The study aimed to design sustainable composite materials that can compete with synthetic materials while being environmentally friendly.
Mechanical Properties Of Sisal And Pineapple Fiber Hybrid Composites Reinforc...IJMER
In this study, Work has been carried out to investigated tensile , bending and impact
properties of hybrid composite of material constitutes sisal fiber and less discovered pineapple fiber.
These composites are adhered using epoxy resin cosists HY951 resin and LY551 hardener suitably
mixed in appropriate volume. Hybrid composites were prepared using sisal/pineapple fibers of 100/0,
70/30, 50/50, 30/70, and 0/100 Weight fraction ratios, while overall fiber weight fraction was fixed as
20gram. Here for preparing samples Hand lay up method is used , specimens are prepared , fibers are
arrenged in unidirectional manner and tests are carried out , which shows tensile and bending
strengths. The tensile & compressive test was applied on specimens of 300×50 & thickness varring
from 4-6 mm in dimensions but in different proportions of sisal and pineapple by weight. The test
result shows , the composite made by 50/50 fibers weight fraction of sisal & pineapple fiber has been
shown best impact strenght 47.2 N/mm2 as compare to other constitutes of sisal & pine fibers.this
constitute have good tensile & bending strength & their density is also less than sisal fibers. These
composites can be used in various purposes because of its unique features of recycleability, waste
utilization, environment friendly, bio-degradibility, good strength and a good alternative to plastics.
Optimal performance characteristics and reinforcement combinationsEmeka Christian
This document investigates the optimal performance characteristics of coconut fibre reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) polymer matrix composites. Three particle sizes of coconut fibre were used as filler material in HDPE at volume fractions up to 40%. Composite samples were prepared via injection moulding and tested according to ASTM standards for tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness. The results showed that at an optimum volume fraction and particle size, the coconut fibre reinforced HDPE composite achieved tensile strength of 28.6 MPa, elastic modulus of 800 MPa, flexural strength of 22.3 MPa, impact strength of 55.0 J/m, and hardness of 54.0 HR.
IRJET- Effect of Mercerization of Mechanical Behavior of Banana Fiber Reinfor...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the effect of mercerization (treatment with sodium hydroxide solution) on the mechanical properties of banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Two sets of composites were fabricated - one with untreated banana fiber and one with banana fiber treated with NaOH solution. Composites containing 3-15% fiber by weight were tested for tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness, and impact energy. The research aims to study how fiber treatment and fiber content affect mechanical properties.
IRJET- Synthesis and Analyse the Physical Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Gla...IRJET Journal
This document describes research into synthesizing and analyzing the physical properties of sugarcane bagasse glassfiber epoxy composites. Specimens of the composite material were created using compression molding. The specimens were then tested for their mechanical properties, including tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and hardness, according to ASTM standards. The results of the mechanical tests on the sugarcane bagasse glassfiber epoxy composite were analyzed and discussed.
IRJET- Composite Material using Bamboo Fiber with Epoxy ResinIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that developed and tested a composite material made from bamboo fiber and epoxy resin. Bamboo fiber was extracted from bamboo using chemical digestion. The bamboo fiber was then used to reinforce an epoxy resin matrix. Tensile, hardness, and compressive tests were conducted on the composite material to analyze its mechanical properties. The results showed the bamboo fiber composite has good mechanical properties and strength comparable to conventional materials. As such, it could potentially be used in structural applications.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ARECA BAST FIBER REINFORCED EPOXY AND VIN...IAEME Publication
In this research work natural fiber reinforced polymer composites were prepared by reinforcing short areca bast fibers in epoxy and vinyl ester resin. Different blend composites were prepared by varying weight fractions of areca bast fibers. Their mechanical, physical and thermal properties were studied and compared. It has been found that the compressive strength of areca bast fiber reinforced vinyl ester composites were more than that of epoxy composites. It was also observed that the type of compressive failure in epoxy /bast and vinyl ester/bast composites at all wt% of fibers was breaking and bulging respectively. The erosive wear strength at 90º and 75º nozzle angles were determined. The properties such as water absorption capacity and density were
determined. The Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was also carried out .The ruptured surface of both types of composites which exhibited highest compressive strength was analyzed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Investigations of Mechanical Characteristics of Chicken Feather-Teak wood Dus...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The present research has been undertaken with an objective to explore the potential of wood dust and chicken feather as reinforcing material in epoxy composites and to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the composites. Composites of teak wood dust (450 µm size) in 10,15 and 20 percentages of weight mixed with epoxy along with 5 % of chopped chicken feather have been prepared by hand lay up technique. The metallic mould developed in house was used to cast ASTM standard specimens. All the three samples have been tested in UTM for tensile strength and it is observed that composite with 15 % teak wood dust is having highest strength of 8.93 MPa. From water absorption tests in 24 hours the weight gain is very little and negligible for all the composites. Hence these composites can perform very well in moist atmosphere
Characterization of natural fiber reinforced composites bamboo and sisal a re...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Mechanical Properties Of Sisal And Pineapple Fiber Hybrid Composites Reinforc...IJMER
In this study, Work has been carried out to investigated tensile , bending and impact
properties of hybrid composite of material constitutes sisal fiber and less discovered pineapple fiber.
These composites are adhered using epoxy resin cosists HY951 resin and LY551 hardener suitably
mixed in appropriate volume. Hybrid composites were prepared using sisal/pineapple fibers of 100/0,
70/30, 50/50, 30/70, and 0/100 Weight fraction ratios, while overall fiber weight fraction was fixed as
20gram. Here for preparing samples Hand lay up method is used , specimens are prepared , fibers are
arrenged in unidirectional manner and tests are carried out , which shows tensile and bending
strengths. The tensile & compressive test was applied on specimens of 300×50 & thickness varring
from 4-6 mm in dimensions but in different proportions of sisal and pineapple by weight. The test
result shows , the composite made by 50/50 fibers weight fraction of sisal & pineapple fiber has been
shown best impact strenght 47.2 N/mm2 as compare to other constitutes of sisal & pine fibers.this
constitute have good tensile & bending strength & their density is also less than sisal fibers. These
composites can be used in various purposes because of its unique features of recycleability, waste
utilization, environment friendly, bio-degradibility, good strength and a good alternative to plastics.
Optimal performance characteristics and reinforcement combinationsEmeka Christian
This document investigates the optimal performance characteristics of coconut fibre reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) polymer matrix composites. Three particle sizes of coconut fibre were used as filler material in HDPE at volume fractions up to 40%. Composite samples were prepared via injection moulding and tested according to ASTM standards for tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness. The results showed that at an optimum volume fraction and particle size, the coconut fibre reinforced HDPE composite achieved tensile strength of 28.6 MPa, elastic modulus of 800 MPa, flexural strength of 22.3 MPa, impact strength of 55.0 J/m, and hardness of 54.0 HR.
IRJET- Effect of Mercerization of Mechanical Behavior of Banana Fiber Reinfor...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the effect of mercerization (treatment with sodium hydroxide solution) on the mechanical properties of banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Two sets of composites were fabricated - one with untreated banana fiber and one with banana fiber treated with NaOH solution. Composites containing 3-15% fiber by weight were tested for tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness, and impact energy. The research aims to study how fiber treatment and fiber content affect mechanical properties.
IRJET- Synthesis and Analyse the Physical Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Gla...IRJET Journal
This document describes research into synthesizing and analyzing the physical properties of sugarcane bagasse glassfiber epoxy composites. Specimens of the composite material were created using compression molding. The specimens were then tested for their mechanical properties, including tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and hardness, according to ASTM standards. The results of the mechanical tests on the sugarcane bagasse glassfiber epoxy composite were analyzed and discussed.
IRJET- Composite Material using Bamboo Fiber with Epoxy ResinIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that developed and tested a composite material made from bamboo fiber and epoxy resin. Bamboo fiber was extracted from bamboo using chemical digestion. The bamboo fiber was then used to reinforce an epoxy resin matrix. Tensile, hardness, and compressive tests were conducted on the composite material to analyze its mechanical properties. The results showed the bamboo fiber composite has good mechanical properties and strength comparable to conventional materials. As such, it could potentially be used in structural applications.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ARECA BAST FIBER REINFORCED EPOXY AND VIN...IAEME Publication
In this research work natural fiber reinforced polymer composites were prepared by reinforcing short areca bast fibers in epoxy and vinyl ester resin. Different blend composites were prepared by varying weight fractions of areca bast fibers. Their mechanical, physical and thermal properties were studied and compared. It has been found that the compressive strength of areca bast fiber reinforced vinyl ester composites were more than that of epoxy composites. It was also observed that the type of compressive failure in epoxy /bast and vinyl ester/bast composites at all wt% of fibers was breaking and bulging respectively. The erosive wear strength at 90º and 75º nozzle angles were determined. The properties such as water absorption capacity and density were
determined. The Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was also carried out .The ruptured surface of both types of composites which exhibited highest compressive strength was analyzed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Investigations of Mechanical Characteristics of Chicken Feather-Teak wood Dus...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The present research has been undertaken with an objective to explore the potential of wood dust and chicken feather as reinforcing material in epoxy composites and to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the composites. Composites of teak wood dust (450 µm size) in 10,15 and 20 percentages of weight mixed with epoxy along with 5 % of chopped chicken feather have been prepared by hand lay up technique. The metallic mould developed in house was used to cast ASTM standard specimens. All the three samples have been tested in UTM for tensile strength and it is observed that composite with 15 % teak wood dust is having highest strength of 8.93 MPa. From water absorption tests in 24 hours the weight gain is very little and negligible for all the composites. Hence these composites can perform very well in moist atmosphere
Characterization of natural fiber reinforced composites bamboo and sisal a re...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews natural fiber reinforced composites. It discusses how natural fibers like jute, sisal, banana and hemp can be used as reinforcements in polymer matrices as sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional composites. These natural fiber composites have properties like high strength, low weight and biodegradability. The document summarizes several studies that examined mechanical properties of different natural fiber composites and their potential applications in construction, automotive and other industries. It also specifically reviews research on using jute fiber as reinforcement and its advantages in terms of energy usage, emissions and cost compared to synthetic fibers.
IRJET- Organic Plastic Production from the Banana fiber and the E-Glass f...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that fabricated a new composite material made from banana fiber, e-glass fiber, and resin. The banana and glass fibers were mixed with epoxy resin to form composite material samples using the hand layup method. Finite element analysis was used to test the strength of the new composite material versus plastic. The results showed the natural composite material had higher tensile strength and lower weight than plastic. Therefore, the study concluded the natural composite could serve as an alternative to polymer compounds.
Study on properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix pro...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The present research was designed to check the workability and strength properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix proportions and different percentage of fiber addition. The materials were chosen to improve the various strength properties of the structure to obtain sustainability and better quality structure. Short discrete vegetable fiber (sisal) was examined for its suitability for incorporation in cement concrete. The physical property of this fiber has shown no deterioration in a concrete medium. Fibers were brushed, lined up and cut to obtain 4cm length. Degree of workability of concrete mix with 0.2% super plasticizer and water cement ratio 0.45 had good workability with slump value 53mm and compaction factor 0.88, which is effective, was obtained. Materials were hand mixed with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 and M25 mix design and casted in cubes and cylinders. The obtained specimens were subjected to tests aimed to check the compressive, tensile and flexural strength. An increase in compressive strength by 50.53% and tensile strength by 3.416% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 mix design respectively. An increase in compressive strength by 52.51% and tensile strength by 3.904% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M25 mix design respectively.
Keywords: Sisal fiber, workability, sustainability, mix design, compressive, tensile, flexural.
EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTY ON PALM/COIR BASED POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITESmsejjournal
Now day’s natural fibres as reinforcement have received more attention from the research community all
over the world in preparing polymer composites. These natural fibres have lot of advantages over synthetic
fibres. In this paper two natural fibers palm and coir reinforced composites were fabricated using compression moulding method which was a new effort and was not done elsewhere. Specimens were cut from
the fabricated composite plates according to the ASTM standards. Universal Testing Machine was used for
testing tensile and flexural strength of the composites. The impact strength of the composites was analyzed
using Impact tester. Further wear and moisture absorption tests were also conducted on the prepared
specimen. The results obtained through experimentation of both composites were compared and presented.
It can be concluded that the developed palm based composite possess superior property and can be recommended for fabrication of light weight high strength automobile parts.
Tensile and Impact Properties of Natural Fiber Hybrid Composite MaterialsIJMER
This paper is a review on the tensile and impact properties of natural fiber hybrid composites.
Natural fibers are having good mechanical properties, high specific strength, low cost, bio-degradable
and easily can recyclable through thermal methods. In this paper two different hybrid composites were
manufactured by compression molding and properties of tensile and impact results are conducted as per
ASTM standards. In this project three different fibers such as sisal, jute and glass with thermosets epoxy
resin used with weight ratio of fiber to resin as 15:15:70.Results showed that sisal/glass hybrid composite
has more tensile and impact strength while comparing to sisal/jute hybrid composite.
Mechanical Characterization of Biodegradable Linen Fiber CompositesIJMER
Abstract: The conventional materials like iron, mild steel, cast iron etc are having good mechanical properties. Hence they are widely used in structural engineering applications. These conventional materials have some defects like formation of rust, low weight to strength ratio, high production cost. To overcome these defects, engineers started fabricating composite materials. Composites exhibit peculiar properties like different strengths in different directions, rust resistant, high strength to weight ratio, but they pollute the environment. Now the natural fibre composites are widely used in automobile industry. The natural fibres and resins are used to fabricate an eco friendly composite material. Lack of resources and increasing environmental pollution has evoked great interest in the research of materials that are
friendly to our health and environment. Bio polymer composites fabricated from natural fibres is currently
the most promising area in polymer sciences. This is designed to assess the possibility of fibre as reinforcing material in composites. Epoxy resin was made a stiffened panel to conduct tensile test. In this paper it is aimed to explain all possible ways to use natural composites in automobile components. The main advantages of using natural fibers are their degradability and light weight. They are environment friendly and also increase the fuel economy
IRJET- Mechanical Characterization of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Co...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research into mechanical characterization of glass fiber reinforced composites containing nanoparticles. Specifically, it investigates adding small amounts (1wt% and 2wt%) of two types of nanoclays (Cloisite 30B and Cloisite 15A) directly into an epoxy resin matrix reinforced with woven glass fibers. The nanoclay-epoxy mixtures were stirred and ultrasonicated to ensure uniform dispersion of nanoparticles. Composite plates were then manufactured via vacuum molding and tested to analyze effects on mechanical properties like fatigue resistance and impact strength. Previous related studies finding improvements from nanoclay additions are also reviewed.
Stablization of Soil By use of Geo-Jute as Soil StabilizerIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using geo-jute (jute fibers) as a soil stabilizer. It begins by discussing the need for soil stabilization in construction projects. It then provides background on jute, including its chemical composition and physical properties. The research methodology is described, which involves collecting soil samples and testing them with and without geo-jute using various tests like moisture content, specific gravity, compaction, and direct shear. The test results show that geo-jute improves the soil's engineering properties like bearing capacity, shear strength, and maximum dry density. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that geo-jute can effectively be used as a natural soil stabilizer.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT IN POLYMER AND FIBER FORMS O...IAEME Publication
Dark cotton garden soil is usually accumulated near KSRM college or university regarding KADAPA is usually stabilized along with arbitrarily sent out Polypropylene fibers’ in addition to Nonwoven geo-textile along with unique u/d rate in addition to yellow sand content material regarding 5, 10 in addition to 15 per cent through excess weight. The actual CBR testing have been carried out inside the laboratory work for unique combination size regarding fibers in addition to geo-textile along with dark-colored silk cotton garden soil. Substantial enhancement can be found in this CBR benefit regarding dark-colored silk cotton garden soil.
IRJET- Hybridization of in Composite MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document discusses hybrid composite materials made from both natural and synthetic fibers to improve mechanical properties. It begins by introducing composite materials and their benefits of high strength and stiffness but lack of ductility. To address this, hybrid composites containing multiple fibers are proposed. Common hybrid configurations include interlayer, yarn-by-yarn, and layer-by-layer designs. Both natural fibers like jute, sisal, and kenaf and synthetic fibers like glass and carbon fibers are discussed. Chemical treatments are used to clean natural fibers and increase bonding to the polymer matrix. The mechanical properties of natural fiber composites are then evaluated based on previous studies, finding properties like strength and stiffness increase with higher fiber content or improved surface treatments
IRJET- Soil Stabilization by using Jute FibreIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on soil stabilization using jute fibre. The researchers mixed jute fibre at varying percentages between 0.25-1% with fine sand to improve its engineering properties. Tests found that adding jute fibre significantly increased the unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio of the soil. Specifically, a 1% addition of jute fibre maximized the strength properties of the soil-jute mixture. The study concluded that mixing jute fibre improves the load bearing capacity of soils, making them more suitable for construction applications.
Self Healing Capabilities in Polymeric Materials An Introduction to Techniquesijtsrd
Polymeric materials had shown tremendous increment in its properties due to its acceptability in a wide range of engineering usage. The usage is still restricted due to its reparability and life then after. The life of repaired plastic is less. The present paper study of various type of techniques available, which can develop self healing capabilities in polymeric materials. The main aim is to further concentrate on an idea which gives maximum improvement in engineering properties, life etc. for structural and engineering usage. Avinash Pratap Singh | Kuldeep Singh | Aman Jain | Arun Kapoor | Ankit Kumar | Abhishek Pandey ""Self-Healing Capabilities in Polymeric Materials: An Introduction to Techniques"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23886.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23886/self-healing-capabilities-in-polymeric-materials-an-introduction-to-techniques/avinash-pratap-singh
Soil Stabilization using Plain and Treated Coir FibresIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses using coir fibers to stabilize soil properties. Coir fibers are a natural fiber extracted from coconut husks that are tough, strong, and resistant to degradation.
2. The study aims to determine how mixing plain and treated coir fibers into soil at different proportions affects the soil's index properties, engineering properties, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values, and unconfined compression strength.
3. A literature review found that previous studies show coir fibers can improve the performance of unpaved roads when used as reinforcement and increase CBR values and load-carrying capacity when mixed with soil.
Study Analysis & Application of Bio-Composite Smart Materialtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Hybrid Bamboo and Glass Fiber Polymer Composite – A ReviewAM Publications
Hybrid composites are advance conceptual composite materials. These are composite materials are the material which contains two or more different types of natural/synthetic fiber in which one type of fiber could neutralize with what are lacking in the other. Hybridization of natural fibers is stronger and high corrosion resistance than synthetic fibers like glass can improve the various mechanical and chemical useful properties. This paper makes an attempt to set a review on hybrid polymer composites reinforced with glass and bamboo fiber based on their biodegradability. The importance of biodegradability is to develop composite materials which are ecofriendly
Experimental Analysis on Strength Properties of Glass Fiber Concreteijtsrd
"The current world is witnessing the construction of challenging and innovative civil engineering structures. It has been established that when fibers are added in certain percentage to the concrete improves the strength properties as well as crack resistance and ductility. Fibers impart energy absorption, toughness and impact resistance properties to fiber reinforced concrete material and these characteristics in turn improve the strength properties. In the present experimental investigation the alkali resistant glass fiber of diameter 14 micron, length 24mm, having an aspect ratio of 855 was employed in percentage varying from 0, 10 , 20 , 30 , 50 , 60 and 80 to study the effect on compressive, split tensile and flexural strength on M40 grade concrete. At early age strength, the concrete with more than 20 of glass fiber gain strength around 61 until 82 faster than normal concrete. This implies that glass fibers assist in increasing the Compressive strength of concrete. The higher the glass fiber, in the mix the compressive strength also increases. Deepak T. J. | Senyange E. K. | Iman. F. | Nazrul Azmi A. Z. | Chakravarthy N. ""Experimental Analysis on Strength Properties of Glass Fiber Concrete"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Information Technology , November 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19110.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/19110/experimental-analysis-on-strength-properties-of-glass-fiber-concrete/deepak-t-j"
This document discusses the preparation of a banana fiber reinforced composite wall material. Banana fibers are extracted from plantain stems and twisted into threads. The threads are arranged vertically and horizontally on a cardboard surface. Polyester resin, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide hardener, and silicon powder filler are mixed in a 60:10:30 ratio and poured into the fiber framework. The resulting composite wall has a tensile strength of 33 MPa and low thermal conductivity. Potential applications include automotive parts, and advantages of the natural fiber composite include being environmentally friendly and biodegradable. Future work proposed includes producing larger sheets and further testing mechanical properties.
CHARACTERIZATION OF BANANA FIBER/PISTACIA VERA SHELL CELLULOSE REINFORCED COM...IAEME Publication
The main objective of the work is to add value to the agricultural residue by fabricating a partially biodegradable composite that shows the best combination of properties. To achieve this, Pistacia Vera shells are opted and cellulose is extracted from it, of both nano and micro sized. Such cellulose is added as filler, to the long banana fibers reinforced polyester composite. Also, this novel material is characterized by testing tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and thermal conductivity. Peak Tensile strength for Pistacia Vera shell banana fiber/nanocellulose reinforced composite is found to be 19% higher than banana fiber based composite. Similarly, Flexural, Impact strength and Thermal conductivity results also exhibited good synergism.
Study Analysis & Application of Bio-Composite Smart Materialtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Fabrication and Testing of Bio Fiber-Glass Hybrid CompositesIRJET Journal
This document discusses the fabrication and testing of flax, hemp, and glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites. Various composites were made including flax fiber composite, hemp fiber composite, flax-glass hybrid composite, hemp-glass hybrid composite, and a three fiber flax-hemp-glass hybrid composite. The composites were tested for mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact strength. Testing showed that the flax fiber composite had the highest tensile strength and modulus, while the hemp fiber composite had the highest flexural strength and modulus. Incorporating glass fibers into the flax and hemp fiber composites improved their mechanical properties. The three fiber hybrid composite's
IRJET- Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews natural fiber reinforced composites. It discusses how natural fibers like jute, sisal, banana and hemp can be used as reinforcements in polymer matrices as sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional composites. These natural fiber composites have properties like high strength, low weight and biodegradability. The document summarizes several studies that examined mechanical properties of different natural fiber composites and their potential applications in construction, automotive and other industries. It also specifically reviews research on using jute fiber as reinforcement and its advantages in terms of energy usage, emissions and cost compared to synthetic fibers.
IRJET- Organic Plastic Production from the Banana fiber and the E-Glass f...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that fabricated a new composite material made from banana fiber, e-glass fiber, and resin. The banana and glass fibers were mixed with epoxy resin to form composite material samples using the hand layup method. Finite element analysis was used to test the strength of the new composite material versus plastic. The results showed the natural composite material had higher tensile strength and lower weight than plastic. Therefore, the study concluded the natural composite could serve as an alternative to polymer compounds.
Study on properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix pro...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The present research was designed to check the workability and strength properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix proportions and different percentage of fiber addition. The materials were chosen to improve the various strength properties of the structure to obtain sustainability and better quality structure. Short discrete vegetable fiber (sisal) was examined for its suitability for incorporation in cement concrete. The physical property of this fiber has shown no deterioration in a concrete medium. Fibers were brushed, lined up and cut to obtain 4cm length. Degree of workability of concrete mix with 0.2% super plasticizer and water cement ratio 0.45 had good workability with slump value 53mm and compaction factor 0.88, which is effective, was obtained. Materials were hand mixed with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 and M25 mix design and casted in cubes and cylinders. The obtained specimens were subjected to tests aimed to check the compressive, tensile and flexural strength. An increase in compressive strength by 50.53% and tensile strength by 3.416% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 mix design respectively. An increase in compressive strength by 52.51% and tensile strength by 3.904% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M25 mix design respectively.
Keywords: Sisal fiber, workability, sustainability, mix design, compressive, tensile, flexural.
EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTY ON PALM/COIR BASED POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITESmsejjournal
Now day’s natural fibres as reinforcement have received more attention from the research community all
over the world in preparing polymer composites. These natural fibres have lot of advantages over synthetic
fibres. In this paper two natural fibers palm and coir reinforced composites were fabricated using compression moulding method which was a new effort and was not done elsewhere. Specimens were cut from
the fabricated composite plates according to the ASTM standards. Universal Testing Machine was used for
testing tensile and flexural strength of the composites. The impact strength of the composites was analyzed
using Impact tester. Further wear and moisture absorption tests were also conducted on the prepared
specimen. The results obtained through experimentation of both composites were compared and presented.
It can be concluded that the developed palm based composite possess superior property and can be recommended for fabrication of light weight high strength automobile parts.
Tensile and Impact Properties of Natural Fiber Hybrid Composite MaterialsIJMER
This paper is a review on the tensile and impact properties of natural fiber hybrid composites.
Natural fibers are having good mechanical properties, high specific strength, low cost, bio-degradable
and easily can recyclable through thermal methods. In this paper two different hybrid composites were
manufactured by compression molding and properties of tensile and impact results are conducted as per
ASTM standards. In this project three different fibers such as sisal, jute and glass with thermosets epoxy
resin used with weight ratio of fiber to resin as 15:15:70.Results showed that sisal/glass hybrid composite
has more tensile and impact strength while comparing to sisal/jute hybrid composite.
Mechanical Characterization of Biodegradable Linen Fiber CompositesIJMER
Abstract: The conventional materials like iron, mild steel, cast iron etc are having good mechanical properties. Hence they are widely used in structural engineering applications. These conventional materials have some defects like formation of rust, low weight to strength ratio, high production cost. To overcome these defects, engineers started fabricating composite materials. Composites exhibit peculiar properties like different strengths in different directions, rust resistant, high strength to weight ratio, but they pollute the environment. Now the natural fibre composites are widely used in automobile industry. The natural fibres and resins are used to fabricate an eco friendly composite material. Lack of resources and increasing environmental pollution has evoked great interest in the research of materials that are
friendly to our health and environment. Bio polymer composites fabricated from natural fibres is currently
the most promising area in polymer sciences. This is designed to assess the possibility of fibre as reinforcing material in composites. Epoxy resin was made a stiffened panel to conduct tensile test. In this paper it is aimed to explain all possible ways to use natural composites in automobile components. The main advantages of using natural fibers are their degradability and light weight. They are environment friendly and also increase the fuel economy
IRJET- Mechanical Characterization of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Co...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research into mechanical characterization of glass fiber reinforced composites containing nanoparticles. Specifically, it investigates adding small amounts (1wt% and 2wt%) of two types of nanoclays (Cloisite 30B and Cloisite 15A) directly into an epoxy resin matrix reinforced with woven glass fibers. The nanoclay-epoxy mixtures were stirred and ultrasonicated to ensure uniform dispersion of nanoparticles. Composite plates were then manufactured via vacuum molding and tested to analyze effects on mechanical properties like fatigue resistance and impact strength. Previous related studies finding improvements from nanoclay additions are also reviewed.
Stablization of Soil By use of Geo-Jute as Soil StabilizerIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using geo-jute (jute fibers) as a soil stabilizer. It begins by discussing the need for soil stabilization in construction projects. It then provides background on jute, including its chemical composition and physical properties. The research methodology is described, which involves collecting soil samples and testing them with and without geo-jute using various tests like moisture content, specific gravity, compaction, and direct shear. The test results show that geo-jute improves the soil's engineering properties like bearing capacity, shear strength, and maximum dry density. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that geo-jute can effectively be used as a natural soil stabilizer.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT IN POLYMER AND FIBER FORMS O...IAEME Publication
Dark cotton garden soil is usually accumulated near KSRM college or university regarding KADAPA is usually stabilized along with arbitrarily sent out Polypropylene fibers’ in addition to Nonwoven geo-textile along with unique u/d rate in addition to yellow sand content material regarding 5, 10 in addition to 15 per cent through excess weight. The actual CBR testing have been carried out inside the laboratory work for unique combination size regarding fibers in addition to geo-textile along with dark-colored silk cotton garden soil. Substantial enhancement can be found in this CBR benefit regarding dark-colored silk cotton garden soil.
IRJET- Hybridization of in Composite MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document discusses hybrid composite materials made from both natural and synthetic fibers to improve mechanical properties. It begins by introducing composite materials and their benefits of high strength and stiffness but lack of ductility. To address this, hybrid composites containing multiple fibers are proposed. Common hybrid configurations include interlayer, yarn-by-yarn, and layer-by-layer designs. Both natural fibers like jute, sisal, and kenaf and synthetic fibers like glass and carbon fibers are discussed. Chemical treatments are used to clean natural fibers and increase bonding to the polymer matrix. The mechanical properties of natural fiber composites are then evaluated based on previous studies, finding properties like strength and stiffness increase with higher fiber content or improved surface treatments
IRJET- Soil Stabilization by using Jute FibreIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on soil stabilization using jute fibre. The researchers mixed jute fibre at varying percentages between 0.25-1% with fine sand to improve its engineering properties. Tests found that adding jute fibre significantly increased the unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio of the soil. Specifically, a 1% addition of jute fibre maximized the strength properties of the soil-jute mixture. The study concluded that mixing jute fibre improves the load bearing capacity of soils, making them more suitable for construction applications.
Self Healing Capabilities in Polymeric Materials An Introduction to Techniquesijtsrd
Polymeric materials had shown tremendous increment in its properties due to its acceptability in a wide range of engineering usage. The usage is still restricted due to its reparability and life then after. The life of repaired plastic is less. The present paper study of various type of techniques available, which can develop self healing capabilities in polymeric materials. The main aim is to further concentrate on an idea which gives maximum improvement in engineering properties, life etc. for structural and engineering usage. Avinash Pratap Singh | Kuldeep Singh | Aman Jain | Arun Kapoor | Ankit Kumar | Abhishek Pandey ""Self-Healing Capabilities in Polymeric Materials: An Introduction to Techniques"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23886.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23886/self-healing-capabilities-in-polymeric-materials-an-introduction-to-techniques/avinash-pratap-singh
Soil Stabilization using Plain and Treated Coir FibresIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses using coir fibers to stabilize soil properties. Coir fibers are a natural fiber extracted from coconut husks that are tough, strong, and resistant to degradation.
2. The study aims to determine how mixing plain and treated coir fibers into soil at different proportions affects the soil's index properties, engineering properties, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values, and unconfined compression strength.
3. A literature review found that previous studies show coir fibers can improve the performance of unpaved roads when used as reinforcement and increase CBR values and load-carrying capacity when mixed with soil.
Study Analysis & Application of Bio-Composite Smart Materialtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Hybrid Bamboo and Glass Fiber Polymer Composite – A ReviewAM Publications
Hybrid composites are advance conceptual composite materials. These are composite materials are the material which contains two or more different types of natural/synthetic fiber in which one type of fiber could neutralize with what are lacking in the other. Hybridization of natural fibers is stronger and high corrosion resistance than synthetic fibers like glass can improve the various mechanical and chemical useful properties. This paper makes an attempt to set a review on hybrid polymer composites reinforced with glass and bamboo fiber based on their biodegradability. The importance of biodegradability is to develop composite materials which are ecofriendly
Experimental Analysis on Strength Properties of Glass Fiber Concreteijtsrd
"The current world is witnessing the construction of challenging and innovative civil engineering structures. It has been established that when fibers are added in certain percentage to the concrete improves the strength properties as well as crack resistance and ductility. Fibers impart energy absorption, toughness and impact resistance properties to fiber reinforced concrete material and these characteristics in turn improve the strength properties. In the present experimental investigation the alkali resistant glass fiber of diameter 14 micron, length 24mm, having an aspect ratio of 855 was employed in percentage varying from 0, 10 , 20 , 30 , 50 , 60 and 80 to study the effect on compressive, split tensile and flexural strength on M40 grade concrete. At early age strength, the concrete with more than 20 of glass fiber gain strength around 61 until 82 faster than normal concrete. This implies that glass fibers assist in increasing the Compressive strength of concrete. The higher the glass fiber, in the mix the compressive strength also increases. Deepak T. J. | Senyange E. K. | Iman. F. | Nazrul Azmi A. Z. | Chakravarthy N. ""Experimental Analysis on Strength Properties of Glass Fiber Concrete"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Information Technology , November 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19110.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/19110/experimental-analysis-on-strength-properties-of-glass-fiber-concrete/deepak-t-j"
This document discusses the preparation of a banana fiber reinforced composite wall material. Banana fibers are extracted from plantain stems and twisted into threads. The threads are arranged vertically and horizontally on a cardboard surface. Polyester resin, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide hardener, and silicon powder filler are mixed in a 60:10:30 ratio and poured into the fiber framework. The resulting composite wall has a tensile strength of 33 MPa and low thermal conductivity. Potential applications include automotive parts, and advantages of the natural fiber composite include being environmentally friendly and biodegradable. Future work proposed includes producing larger sheets and further testing mechanical properties.
CHARACTERIZATION OF BANANA FIBER/PISTACIA VERA SHELL CELLULOSE REINFORCED COM...IAEME Publication
The main objective of the work is to add value to the agricultural residue by fabricating a partially biodegradable composite that shows the best combination of properties. To achieve this, Pistacia Vera shells are opted and cellulose is extracted from it, of both nano and micro sized. Such cellulose is added as filler, to the long banana fibers reinforced polyester composite. Also, this novel material is characterized by testing tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and thermal conductivity. Peak Tensile strength for Pistacia Vera shell banana fiber/nanocellulose reinforced composite is found to be 19% higher than banana fiber based composite. Similarly, Flexural, Impact strength and Thermal conductivity results also exhibited good synergism.
Study Analysis & Application of Bio-Composite Smart Materialtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Fabrication and Testing of Bio Fiber-Glass Hybrid CompositesIRJET Journal
This document discusses the fabrication and testing of flax, hemp, and glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites. Various composites were made including flax fiber composite, hemp fiber composite, flax-glass hybrid composite, hemp-glass hybrid composite, and a three fiber flax-hemp-glass hybrid composite. The composites were tested for mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact strength. Testing showed that the flax fiber composite had the highest tensile strength and modulus, while the hemp fiber composite had the highest flexural strength and modulus. Incorporating glass fibers into the flax and hemp fiber composites improved their mechanical properties. The three fiber hybrid composite's
Shellfish shell as a Bio-filler: Preparation, characterization and its effec...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Hemp-Bagasse Fibers Reinforced with Epoxy...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the mechanical properties of hemp-bagasse fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Composite laminates were fabricated using hemp, bagasse, and E-glass fibers in epoxy resin. The fibers were treated with alkali before being incorporated into laminates at 10% and 20% volume fractions using hand layup. Tensile, flexural, and hardness tests were conducted according to ASTM standards. The results showed that the 10% volume fraction laminate had higher ultimate tensile strength of 42MPa and the 20% fraction had higher flexural strength of 77.9MPa. Hardness was also evaluated. The study demonstrated that hybrid natural fiber composites can
This document summarizes research on optimizing the mechanical properties of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites using response surface methodology. Bamboo fiber mats were mixed with varying amounts of nano-silica and epoxy resin to create composite samples. Mechanical tests evaluated properties like tensile, flexural, and impact strength. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal composite composition. A quadratic regression model found the 32H composite, with 3 layers of bamboo fiber and 2% nano-silica, performed best in tensile tests and had high energy absorption. The study concluded a composite with 2 wt.% silica and 2 layers of natural bamboo fiber provided high quality mechanical properties.
One of the trends of research in sustainability is focused on the development of coir fibre reinforced epoxy
composites. Many researchers have been investigated the effects of coir fibre fibrillation
on the tensile strength. The sorting treatment to this coir based on the uniformity of
diameters and the fiber was cut between 10-20 mm. The preliminary treatment was
done by cooking the coir in 5% NaOH solution in 80∘C for approximately 10-15 minutes.
This process then can be addressed to the fibrillation process. This process was carried
out by using a high-speed blender at 5 and 10 minutes, respectively. After that, the
composite was formed by hand lay-up, with the composition coir volume fraction and
matrix of 20:80. The results show that the treated Coir can increase the composite
tensile strength upto 14%. The highest tensile Strength was obtained for EAC 10-10
composite on vial volume of 30% fiber and 70% epoxy i.e.53.70 MPa.
A Study on Effect of Carbon and Ash Fillers on Flexural Properties in GFRP Co...IRJET Journal
The document studies the effect of carbon and ash fillers on the flexural properties of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Composites were fabricated with hand layup using glass fibers, epoxy resin, and either carbon or ash fillers added at 10% by volume. Flexural testing found that composites with carbon filler had slightly higher flexural strength than composites with ash filler, but both fillers improved flexural strength over composites without filler. In conclusion, carbon and ash fillers can significantly increase the flexural strength of glass fiber epoxy composites when added at 10% by volume.
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF FIBER ORIENTATION ON PALF REINFORCED BISPHENOL COMP...IAEME Publication
The main advantage of a composite material over conventional material like a monolithic metal is the
combination of different properties which are seldom found in the conventional material. In recent years natural fibers
appear to be the outstanding materials which come as the viable and abundant substitute for the expensive and
nonrenewable synthetic fiber. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) is one of them that have also good potential as reinforcement
in thermoset composite. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of fiber orientation on the mechanical properties of PALF reinforced Bisphenol composite and explores the potential of using PALF as reinforcing
material.
IRJET - A Review on Multi-Layered Armour using Sugarcane Bagasse WasteIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of sugarcane bagasse waste as a material for multi-layered ballistic armor. It first discusses sugarcane bagasse composites, including their mechanical properties and prior research examining their reinforcement in polymer matrices. It then discusses multi-layered armor systems, noting that they provide weight advantages over monolithic plates but can have reduced ballistic resistance. The document surveys previous research comparing the performance of mono-layered and multi-layered armor configurations. Finally, it discusses the potential use of sugarcane bagasse composites as the secondary layer in a multi-layered armor system.
Mechanical properties analysis of basalt, hemp, carbon, and glass fiber- rein...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that analyzed the mechanical properties of hybrid composites made from basalt, hemp, carbon, and glass fibers reinforced with an epoxy matrix. Five different fiber combinations were tested: C1 with layered hemp, basalt, glass, and carbon fibers; C2 with basalt, glass, and hemp fibers; C3 with basalt, hemp, and glass fibers; C4 with glass, hemp, and carbon fibers; and C5 with basalt, hemp, and glass fibers. The hemp and basalt fibers were treated with alkaline and silane solutions prior to composite fabrication to improve fiber-matrix adhesion. Mechanical testing showed that combination C1 had the
This document discusses the design and analysis of a composite bolt made of glass fiber and epoxy resin. It begins with an abstract that outlines the objectives of creating a low-cost composite bolt using glass fiber reinforcement in an epoxy matrix. It then reviews previous literature on composite materials and bolted joints, which found that addition of glass fibers increases strength and stiffness. The document describes the materials and methods used, including hand lay-up of epoxy resin reinforced with glass fibers. It presents results of testing the composite bolts and comparing the mechanical properties of unidirectional and bidirectional fiber orientations.
The document discusses a study on the effect of stacking sequence on the tribological properties of woven jute-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. It summarizes previous literature on natural fiber composites and erosion behavior. The objective of the current work is to study the mechanical properties and erosion wear behavior of hybrid composites with different stacking sequences of jute and glass fibers. Experimental aspects discussed include the materials used, specimen preparation method, and evaluation of erosion rates under varying test parameters.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of E-Glass and Kenaf Fibre with Epoxy R...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation of hybrid composites made from E-glass fibers, kenaf fibers, and epoxy resin. Specifically:
- Kenaf/fiber glass hybrid composites were manufactured using hand layup with varying fiber contents and the composites were tested for mechanical properties.
- The mechanical properties tested included compression strength, flexural strength, impact strength, hardness, and water absorption in sea water and distilled water.
- The results showed that the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites, such as compression and flexural strength, increased with fiber content up to 30% before leveling off or decreasing. Maximum impact strength was also found at 30% fiber content.
-
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the dry sliding wear behavior of epoxy composites filled with different weight percentages of bone powder and reinforced with E-glass and jute fibers. Samples were fabricated with 0%, 10%, and 15% bone powder content. Tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc apparatus under varying loads, velocities, and sliding distances. The results showed that wear resistance initially increased then decreased with higher bone powder content. Surface analysis using SEM correlated wear mechanisms with test results. The study aimed to understand the effect of bone powder filler on wear characteristics of these hybrid fiber composites.
IRJET- Investigation on Mechanical Behaviour of Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber R...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the mechanical behavior of sugarcane bagasse fiber reinforcement in polymer matrix composites. It begins by providing background on composite materials and the advantages of natural fibers like sugarcane bagasse. The document then reviews previous literature on composites using bagasse reinforcement. The methodology section outlines the fabrication process, including preparing the bagasse fibers and using an epoxy resin matrix. Mechanical tests will be performed to study the composites' tensile, flexural, and impact properties.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Fabrication, experimental investigation of jute fiber reinforced epoxy compos...Adib Bin Rashid
A special type of jute fiber woven mat was introduced by a hand loom. Epoxy jute
fiber composites were fabricated using the woven fiber mat. A series of jute-hybrid epoxy composites based on the arrangement of the direction of jute fibers, and additional material were introduced to ensure the elevated mechanical properties of the composites. Improved
mechanical properties were found in some cases of hybrid epoxy composites. It is discussed that the mechanical behavior is related to the fiber orientation, types of additional materials used in hybrid materials. The purpose of this study is to propose a simple technical method to prepare woven jute fiber mat by hand loom, and to produce epoxy jute fiber, hybrid composite materials to exhibit the elevated mechanical properties.
Investigation on 3-body abrasive behaviour of glass fiber and ramie fiber rei...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an investigation into the three-body abrasive wear behavior of glass fiber and ramie fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Hybrid composites with varying proportions of glass and ramie fibers were manufactured using hand layup and tested for three-body abrasive wear under different parameters. The optimal parameters that resulted in the lowest wear rate were found to be A3 (30% ramie), B1 (580g load), and C2 (2000m sliding distance). Sliding distance was the most significant influencing factor on wear, followed by load, while fiber proportion was the least influencing. SEM analysis showed micro-plucking, micro-cutting and micro-cracks on worn surfaces. The Ra10
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
2. Evaluation of Tensile Properties of Epoxy Resin Based Composites Reinforced with Jute/Banana/Flax and
Uni-Axial Glass Fibers
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 348 editor@iaeme.com
that hardness of the composite increases with the increase in fiber loading. The more the fiber volume
fraction, higher the modulus of the composite and also did infer that higher the volume fraction of the
fiber the impact transfer on the composite sample will be efficient
Pradeep Kumar [3] et al suggested that addition of jute increases the wear resistance of the composite
sample and results in decreasing of the coefficient of friction values by 3.5-4.5% and a decrease in 65%
of the value of specific wear rate. Compression moulding was used for the manufacture of the jute
propylene composites. He also concluded that the effect of the reinforcements was very little on the value
of the coefficient of friction. M Jawaid [4] et al observed the chemical resistance of jute fiber reinforced
composite and the influence of void formation on the mechanical properties of the composite which
proved better adhesion and mechanical properties of hybrid fibers. It was also concluded that the jute
fabric layer on the outer surfaces did hold maximum of the tensile strength while the oil palm core
absorbed maximum of the stresses and in such a way Jute overlapping the EFB fibres were better than
EFB overlapping Jute.
Hanna Brodowsky [5] et al found out that the presence of a coupling agent with the resin in the
composite stimulated the adhesion in the interphase of the fiber and the matrix through chemical bonding.
The interphase even though it occupies a small volume of the composites still it greatly influences the
mechanical properties and therefore chemical bonding around the interphase region greatly improved
their properties. R.A.Braga [6] et al studied through experiments that in order to improve the mechanical
properties of the composite hybrid reinforcement was used which involved hybridizing jute with glass
fiber as a result the tensile strength of the composites increased, but there was no observable change in
flexural strength or the impact energy and the composites with more of jute fibers absorbed more water
than the one with high percentage of glass fibers. M Ramesh et al [7] observed that treated banana fibers
have a higher degree of adhesion and bonding ability with the hydrophobic resins, also that the percentage
of weight loss is lower in the case of treated banana fibers when compared to untreated fibers and he
concluded by stating that 60% epoxy with 40% of banana fibers have highest load bearing capacity. He
also observed via SEM analysis that chemically treated banana had good adhesion and better bonding and
had a high crystalline index.
Alavudeen et al [8] applied that the orientation of the banana fibers also affects their properties.
Maximum increase in mechanical properties was observed in the case of plain woven banana fabric when
compared with random orientated fibers. It was also observed that the strength of kenaf fibre reinforced
composites were better when compared to banana fibre hybrid composite. Irrespective of whatever the
fibre was used plain woven fibre composites showed better properties than the twill woven fibre
composites. The tensile strength of the composite is more when the fibres are oriented in longitudinal
direction. K Senthil Kumar et al [9] studied the vibrational behaviour of banana fiber reinforced
composite, and observed that skin core type oriented treated fibers exhibited better properties when
compared to skin eccentric type.
So, here in the project we are performing the comparative analysis to predict so as to which hybrid
matrix would be suitable for which applications and also to study the influence of various parameters on
the mechanical and tribological properties of the composite.
The Major Objectives of this Research Work are
To study the influence of glass fibre hybridization with the natural fibres in the matrix. The increase is
concentration of glass fibres in the hybrid composite would surely increase the density, tensile strength,
impact energy stored in the sample but the real investigation is by how much, so the influence of glass fibre
is to be studied.
To design a smart composite material which are highly competitive to synthetic materials in terms of wear
and durability. Thereby improving the existing technologies and leading a good quality life in a clean
environment.
3. T. Narendiranath Babu, Anil Mandliya, Akash Kumar Singh, Avneesh Singh and D. Rama Prabha
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 349 editor@iaeme.com
To provide a composite that is green and does not deteriorate the environment. There are several legal rules
and regulations on protecting the environment. The government of the country is also stressing on the need
to safeguard the environment and hence the green composite greatly supports the stand.
To manufacture the composite material that is easily recyclable which would reduce wastage. The whole
agenda of this thing is recycling the waste products into a product which can be used regularly. Just as
Banana and Jute is a waste product but it can be used for automotive seating and noise isolation system.
To provide the best optimum material for the said application this could lead to material savings.
Reducing the cost incurred by people as in transportation and fuel cost. Designing natural fibre composites
with the urge to reduce the overall weight of the automobile because natural fibres have high strength to
weight ratio, which will in turn increase the mileage and reduce fuel consumption.
Incorporating composites in real life scenario like carbon fibre rackets, running shoes, furniture, cots and
door panels, etc. could be easily replaced by natural fibre composites which do possess the desirable
properties and are economical.
To study the influence of various properties influencing the wear rate like volume fraction of
reinforcement, load, speed, sliding distance and to come out with the result so as to which factor dominates
the wear rate.
To compare the best of the three hybrid composites for mechanical properties
2. MATERIAL COMPOSITION
Table 1 Weight concentration of different constituents in jute hybrid composite.
S No. Jute fiber % (w/w) Glass fiber % (w/w) Epoxy resin % (w/w)
1 10 10 80
2 15 15 70
Table 2 Weight concentration of different constituents in flax hybrid composite.
S No. Flax fiber % (w/w) Glass fiber % (w/w) Epoxy resin % (w/w)
1 10 10 80
2 15 15 70
Table 3 Weight concentration of different constituents in banana hybrid composite.
S No. Banana fiber % (w/w) Glass fiber % (w/w) Epoxy resin % (w/w)
1 10 10 80
2 15 15 70
So for achieving this goal this paper was subdivided into 3 areas of interest:
Material Selection and Research
Fabrication
Testing & Analysis
4. Evaluation of Tensile Properties of Epoxy Resin Based Composites Reinforced with Jute/Banana/Flax and
Uni-Axial Glass Fibers
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 350 editor@iaeme.com
2.1. Material Selection and Fabrication
Firstly analysis on the type of matrix which will be incorporated i.e. thermosets or thermoplasts.
Then under thermosets which matrix to be used, there are several options available i.e. polyester resins,
epoxy resins,etc. Epoxy is very widely used for polymer matrix composites and hence epoxy is taken into
account.
Then accordingly selection of natural fibers is done on the basis of their properties, availability, cost and
sustainability.
On the basis of the above factors 3 natural fibers were selected Jute, Banana and Flax.
Then the question of procurement of the fiber and the resin comes. Resin and glass fibers are purchased
from a dealer in Chennai Shakti Glass Fibers, Jute and Flax fibers from local shops in Vellore and Banana
fibers were purchased from Coimbatore.
Fabrication
For fabrication treatment of natural fibers with alkali was necessary hence 10% NaOH solution was
purchased.
Purchasing releasing spray to prevent the resin from sticking to the mould.
Creation of the mould according to the sample dimensions, for the mechanical tests a rectangular slab was
created and the samples were cut according to the dimensions from the slab
For the tribological testing double tube hot water pipe was purchased to make the samples.
Material Requirement
The material required for this project is 3 different natural fibers: jute, banana and flax. Along with
synthetic uniaxial glass fibers. The resin used is epoxy 556 and Araldite hardener ly 556. These materials
are used for making the composite.
Sample Preparation
Firstly the natural fibers were treated with 10% NaOH solution which removes the lignin and
hemicellulose layer on the fibers.The fibers are then dried in the sun and then washed with soft water then
left to dry for a day.Then the fibers are compressed under a uniform load in order to give a uniform
thickness.Then Epoxy and hardener are mixed in the ratio 10:1 and then mixed thoroughly to ensure that
the mixture is well mixed. Then pouring time is allowed for 10 mins before a layer of mixture is applied
in the mould. Then a layer of releasing agent is applied in the mould so that the sample could be easily
removed from the mould.Then alternate layers of glass and natural fibers are applied in between the
epoxy layers to ensure that a thickness of 4 mm is obtained. Then uniform load is applied on the sample
so that the epoxy layer impregnates the fiber layers and a compact bonding is achieved. Then the sample
is left to cure for 24 hrs in normal ambient conditions.Similarly samples are made for testing the
tribological properties of the natural composites instead circular hot water pipes were used for moulding
purpose.
Testing and Analysis
List of all the equipments and set ups required for testing the samples and getting information about them.
Cutting the samples according to the dimensions and verifying it with the standards.
Analyzing the results and comparing it with the standard mathematical results obtained from theories.
5. T. Narendiranath Babu, Anil Mandliya, Akash Kumar Singh, Avneesh Singh and D. Rama Prabha
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 351 editor@iaeme.com
2.2. Material Specifications
Table 4 Sample numbers with their corresponding specifications.
S No. Sample Number Specifications
1 Jute20 10% Jute ,10% uniaxial glass fibers, 80% Epoxy
2 Jute30 15% Jute ,15% uniaxial glass fibers, 70% Epoxy
3 Flax20 10% Flax ,10% uniaxial glass fibers, 80% Epoxy
4 Flax30 15% Flax ,15% uniaxial glass fibers, 70% Epoxy
5 Banana20 10% Banana ,10% uniaxial glass fibers, 80% Epoxy
6 Banana30 15% Banana ,15% uniaxial glass fibers, 70% Epoxy
Table 5 Properties of different natural fibers.
Type
Density
(g/cm³)
Elongation
(%)
Tensile
Strength
(MPa)
Young’s
Modulus
(GPa)
Specific
Gravity
Specific
Modulus
(GPa)
Jute 1.3-1.5 1.4-2.1 385-850 9-31 1.3-1.5 6.9-20.7
Banana 0.5-1.5 2.4-3.5 711-789 4-32.7 1.1-1.2 3.6-27.3
Flax 1.3-1.5 1.1-3.3 340-1600 25-81 1.5 16.7-54
Table 6 Properties of cured Epoxy 556 with Araldite ly 556.
S No. Material Properties Values
1 Young’s Modulus 3200 MPa
2 Poisson’s Ratio 0.35
3 Bulk Modulus 3665 MPa
4 Shear Modulus 1852 MPa
5 Tensile Ultimate Strength 88 MPa
3. DESIGN APPROACH AND DETAILS
3.1 Design Approach
Designing the mould and calculation of the various constituents
ASTM D638: ASTM D638 is the most common plastic strength specifications and it is used for
measuring the tensile properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics. The dumbbell specimens under
14mm thickness can be tested under this standard. Instron machine was used to perform this test.
6. Evaluation of Tensile Properties of Epoxy Resin Based Composites Reinforced with Jute/Banana/Flax and
Uni-Axial Glass Fibers
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 352 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 1Mould for Tensile test samples
Figure 2 ASTM D638 type I specimen
Synthesizing the composite samples
Firstly the natural fibers were treated with 10% NaOH solution which removes the lignin and
hemicelluloses layer on the fibers.
The fibers are then dried in the sun and then washed with soft water then left to dry for a day.
Then the fibers are compressed under a uniform load in order to give a uniform thickness.
Then Epoxy and hardener are mixed in the ratio 10:1 and then mixed thoroughly to ensure that the mixture
is well mixed.
Then pouring time is allowed for 10 minute before a layer of mixture is applied in the mould.
Then a layer of releasing agent is applied in the mould so that the sample could be easily removed from the
mould.
Then alternate layers of glass and natural fibers are applied in between the epoxy layers to ensure that a
thickness of 4 mm is obtained.
Then uniform load is applied on the sample so that the epoxy layer impregnates the fiber layers and a
compact bonding is achieved.
Then the sample is left to cure for 24 hrs in normal ambient conditions.
Similarly samples are made for testing the tribological properties of the natural composites instead circular
hot water pipes were used for moulding purpose.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Instron set up has a linear variable differential transformer, it is used for measuring linear displacement
which in turn gives information on the linear strain. Accordingly strain readings are calibrated with the
corresponding loading signals. So the strain will suggest the values of the load acting on the sample. The
maximum load which can be applied on the sample is 250 KN. The corresponding strain rate being 2
mm/min. Fig.3 shows Instron Machine set up. Fig. 4 to Fig.14 shows tensile tests of various specimens.
Table experiments results of three samples.
7. T. Narendiranath Babu, Anil Mandliya, Akash Kumar Singh, Avneesh Singh and D. Rama Prabha
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Figure 3 Diagrammatic representation of the instron setup.
Figure 4 Load vs extension for 20% juteHybrid composite Figure 5 Load vs extension for 30% jute Hybrid composite.
Figure 6 Load vs extension for 20% flaxHybrid composite Figure 7 Load vs extension for 30% flaxHybrid composite
8. Evaluation of Tensile Properties of Epoxy Resin Based Composites Reinforced with Jute/Banana/Flax and
Uni-Axial Glass Fibers
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 354 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 8 Load vs extension for 20% banana Hybrid composite Figure 9 Load vs extension for 30% banana Hybrid
composite
The graphs above show the variation of load acting on the samples and the corresponding
displacement of the samples. From the above graphs one can get a clear indication that maximum load
that the materials can withstand was found in 30% flax hybrid composite. Somewhat more than 5 KN.
Figure 10 Stress vs strain graph for jute hybrid Composites Figure 11 Stress vs Strain graph for flaxhybrid composites
Figure 12 Stress vs Strain for banana hybrid composites.
From the above three graphs it is seen that for flax and banana hybrid composites the tensile strength
increases with the increase in fiber volume concentration but in case of jute the reverse happened better
properties were observed for 20% fiber volume fraction than as compared to 30% this can be accounted
for the wet ability issue. For flax there is significant difference between the tensile strength for 30% and
20% which is 85% more for just 10% of the reinforcement, whereas the minimum difference is found in
the case of banana 22.22% more.
9. T. Narendiranath Babu, Anil Mandliya, Akash Kumar Singh, Avneesh Singh and D. Rama Prabha
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 355 editor@iaeme.com
Table 7 Experimental results for all the 20% hybrid composites.
Figure 13 Stress vs Strain graph for all the 20% hybrid composites
Table 8 Experimental results for all the 30% hybrid composites.
Figure 14 Stress vs Strain graph for all the30% hybrid composites.
From the above graphs and table it is easily evident that flax performs better than jute and banana for
the tensile strength showing higher values for Ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus. At 20%
fiber volume concentration the ultimate tensile strength for flax is higher than banana and jute by 29%
and 14% respectively. Whereas at 30% fiber volume concentration the ultimate tensile strength for flax
hybrid composite is higher than banana and jute by 85% and 26% respectively which shows that flax
hybrid composite possesses better strength and also has higher strain than the other composites.
Type of composite
Max.
Load
(KN)
UTS
(MPa)
Young’s
Modulus
(MPa)
Strain
At break
(%)
Flax
Jute
Banana
3.22
2.45
2.3
38
33
27
5944.1
4125.92
3911.68
1.082
0.881
0.888
Type of composite
Max.
Load
(KN)
UTS
(MPa)
Young’s
Modulus
(MPa)
Strain at
Break
(%)
Flax
Jute
Banana
5.306
3.22
2.97
61
45
33
5460.783
5352.014
4346.8
1.731
1.474
1.169
10. Evaluation of Tensile Properties of Epoxy Resin Based Composites Reinforced with Jute/Banana/Flax and
Uni-Axial Glass Fibers
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 356 editor@iaeme.com
5. CONCLUSIONS
Tensile Strength increases with the increase in fiber volume fraction of the composite upto a point
and after reaching maximum it again decreases.
Comparison between 20% and 30% of fiber volume fraction of flax hybrid composite shows that
30% has better tensile strength over 20%.
Treatment of the fibers before employing it in the composite enhances mechanical adhesion and
increases the tensile strength.
Plain woven fibers spread up to the entire length of the composite are shown to possess better
tensile strength then randomly oriented fibers.
Out of these three hybrid composite flax, jute and banana. Flax FRP is found to possess better
tensile strength over the others, reason being that flax fibers have higher tensile strength when
compared to the other two fibers.
Flax follows the yeilding pattern as of mild steel and hence can be used an option in construction,
masonry, automotive door panels, bed liners, etc.
In case of jute hybrid composites it was observed that 20% shows better properties than the 30%
counterpart this can be due to the case of poor wettability of the fibers in the resin.
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