This document describes a system for image retrieval and annotation using both image content and tags. The system builds a unified graph fusing an image similarity graph based on visual features with an image-tag bipartite graph. It uses a combination of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) and text-based image retrieval (TBIR) with a fusion parameter to balance the influence of image contents and tags. The system is able to retrieve images related to a query as well as annotate the query image. It extracts color, shape, and texture features from images and combines these features for matching between database images and queries.
Department, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering for Women, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
With the wide - spread use of image retrieval in various areas such as crime investigation, medical diagnosis, intellectual
property rights, etc, today’s need is to enhance the image retrieval process. In our research, we are combining Text Based Image
Retrieval (TBIR) method with Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) method to enhance image retrieval. The base of CBIR is to
extract different image features, such as Color, Shape and Texture. To improve the accuracy, we are using combination of most
efficient feature extraction algorithms. We are using RGB to Lab conversion for color feature extraction, Modified Canny edge
detection algorithm with variable sigma for shape feature extraction, Framelet transform method for texture feature extraction.
For improving the speed of image retrieval process using TBIR, we are implementing automatic annotation technique. Images are
annotated automatically without human intervention. It improves speed. Approximately one to two thousand images are stored in
the database. Features are extracted from these images and stored into the database. Query images are processed in the similar
way and similarity matching between query and database images is done through Hybrid Graph method. For that purpose, we
have to generate image to image graph from extracted feature vectors and image to tag graph from database. Combining both
these graphs, we get the Hybrid graph. Thus, the process of image retrieval is becoming efficient in both terms accuracy and time.
Also, user can give input in terms of query image or textual query or sketch. This improves human – friendliness of this system.
Keywords: feature extraction, Lab, Modified Canny detection, Framelet transform, automatic annotation, similarity
matching, Hybrid Graph, etc.
Authenticate Aadhar Card Picture with Current Image using Content Based Image...ijtsrd
This paper proposes to give review on algorithms which helps to match human face on Aadhar card with their current image using Content based Image Retrieval CBIR .The concert of Content Based Image Retrieval CBIR system is depends on competent feature extraction and accurate repossession of similar images. Content based image retrieval is the work for retrieving the images from the large collection of database on the basis of their own visual content. This paper express the method to obtain better retrieval efficiency from current picture of person which will give maximum matching score with same person Aadhar card photo. Nehali M. Ghosalkar ""Authenticate Aadhar Card Picture with Current Image using Content-Based Image Processing"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25070.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/25070/authenticate-aadhar-card-picture-with-current-image-using-content-based-image-processing/nehali-m-ghosalkar
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
C OMPARATIVE S TUDY OF D IMENSIONALITY R EDUCTION T ECHNIQUES U SING PCA AND ...csandit
The aim of this paper is to present a comparative s
tudy of two linear dimension reduction
methods namely PCA (Principal Component Analysis) a
nd LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis).
The main idea of PCA is to transform the high dimen
sional input space onto the feature space
where the maximal variance is displayed. The featur
e selection in traditional LDA is obtained
by maximizing the difference between classes and mi
nimizing the distance within classes. PCA
finds the axes with maximum variance for the whole
data set where LDA tries to find the axes
for best class seperability. The proposed method is
experimented over a general image database
using Matlab. The performance of these systems has
been evaluated by Precision and Recall
measures. Experimental results show that PCA based
dimension reduction method gives the
better performance in terms of higher precision and
recall values with lesser computational
complexity than the LDA based method.
A comparative analysis of retrieval techniques in content based image retrievalcsandit
Basic group of visual techniques such as color, shape, texture are used in Content Based Image
Retrievals (CBIR) to retrieve query image or sub region of image to find similar images in
image database. To improve query result, relevance feedback is used many times in CBIR to
help user to express their preference and improve query results. In this paper, a new approach
for image retrieval is proposed which is based on the features such as Color Histogram, Eigen
Values and Match Point. Images from various types of database are first identified by using
edge detection techniques .Once the image is identified, then the image is searched in the
particular database, then all related images are displayed. This will save the retrieval time.
Further to retrieve the precise query image, any of the three techniques are used and
comparison is done w.r.t. average retrieval time. Eigen value technique found to be the best as
compared with other two techniques.
Department, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering for Women, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
With the wide - spread use of image retrieval in various areas such as crime investigation, medical diagnosis, intellectual
property rights, etc, today’s need is to enhance the image retrieval process. In our research, we are combining Text Based Image
Retrieval (TBIR) method with Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) method to enhance image retrieval. The base of CBIR is to
extract different image features, such as Color, Shape and Texture. To improve the accuracy, we are using combination of most
efficient feature extraction algorithms. We are using RGB to Lab conversion for color feature extraction, Modified Canny edge
detection algorithm with variable sigma for shape feature extraction, Framelet transform method for texture feature extraction.
For improving the speed of image retrieval process using TBIR, we are implementing automatic annotation technique. Images are
annotated automatically without human intervention. It improves speed. Approximately one to two thousand images are stored in
the database. Features are extracted from these images and stored into the database. Query images are processed in the similar
way and similarity matching between query and database images is done through Hybrid Graph method. For that purpose, we
have to generate image to image graph from extracted feature vectors and image to tag graph from database. Combining both
these graphs, we get the Hybrid graph. Thus, the process of image retrieval is becoming efficient in both terms accuracy and time.
Also, user can give input in terms of query image or textual query or sketch. This improves human – friendliness of this system.
Keywords: feature extraction, Lab, Modified Canny detection, Framelet transform, automatic annotation, similarity
matching, Hybrid Graph, etc.
Authenticate Aadhar Card Picture with Current Image using Content Based Image...ijtsrd
This paper proposes to give review on algorithms which helps to match human face on Aadhar card with their current image using Content based Image Retrieval CBIR .The concert of Content Based Image Retrieval CBIR system is depends on competent feature extraction and accurate repossession of similar images. Content based image retrieval is the work for retrieving the images from the large collection of database on the basis of their own visual content. This paper express the method to obtain better retrieval efficiency from current picture of person which will give maximum matching score with same person Aadhar card photo. Nehali M. Ghosalkar ""Authenticate Aadhar Card Picture with Current Image using Content-Based Image Processing"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25070.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/25070/authenticate-aadhar-card-picture-with-current-image-using-content-based-image-processing/nehali-m-ghosalkar
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
C OMPARATIVE S TUDY OF D IMENSIONALITY R EDUCTION T ECHNIQUES U SING PCA AND ...csandit
The aim of this paper is to present a comparative s
tudy of two linear dimension reduction
methods namely PCA (Principal Component Analysis) a
nd LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis).
The main idea of PCA is to transform the high dimen
sional input space onto the feature space
where the maximal variance is displayed. The featur
e selection in traditional LDA is obtained
by maximizing the difference between classes and mi
nimizing the distance within classes. PCA
finds the axes with maximum variance for the whole
data set where LDA tries to find the axes
for best class seperability. The proposed method is
experimented over a general image database
using Matlab. The performance of these systems has
been evaluated by Precision and Recall
measures. Experimental results show that PCA based
dimension reduction method gives the
better performance in terms of higher precision and
recall values with lesser computational
complexity than the LDA based method.
A comparative analysis of retrieval techniques in content based image retrievalcsandit
Basic group of visual techniques such as color, shape, texture are used in Content Based Image
Retrievals (CBIR) to retrieve query image or sub region of image to find similar images in
image database. To improve query result, relevance feedback is used many times in CBIR to
help user to express their preference and improve query results. In this paper, a new approach
for image retrieval is proposed which is based on the features such as Color Histogram, Eigen
Values and Match Point. Images from various types of database are first identified by using
edge detection techniques .Once the image is identified, then the image is searched in the
particular database, then all related images are displayed. This will save the retrieval time.
Further to retrieve the precise query image, any of the three techniques are used and
comparison is done w.r.t. average retrieval time. Eigen value technique found to be the best as
compared with other two techniques.
SIGNIFICANCE OF DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION IN IMAGE PROCESSING sipij
The aim of this paper is to present a comparative study of two linear dimension reduction methods namely
PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis). The main idea of PCA is to
transform the high dimensional input space onto the feature space where the maximal variance is
displayed. The feature selection in traditional LDA is obtained by maximizing the difference between
classes and minimizing the distance within classes. PCA finds the axes with maximum variance for the
whole data set where LDA tries to find the axes for best class seperability. The neural network is trained
about the reduced feature set (using PCA or LDA) of images in the database for fast searching of images
from the database using back propagation algorithm. The proposed method is experimented over a general
image database using Matlab. The performance of these systems has been evaluated by Precision and
Recall measures. Experimental results show that PCA gives the better performance in terms of higher
precision and recall values with lesser computational complexity than LDA
Robust and Radial Image Comparison Using Reverse Image Search IJMER
This paper proposed a robust, radial and effective content-based image retrieval (CBIR)
or query by image content (QBIC) or content based visual information retrieval (CBVIR) approach,
which is based on colour, texture and shape features. Due to the enormous increase in image
database sizes, as well as its vast deployment in various applications, the need for CBIR development
arose. In this proposed approach, image attributes like image name, keywords and meta data are not
used to compute image similarity and image retrieval. So, concept based image retrieval is not used.
If an image is given as an input query and the output is based on the input image query, it is called as
reverse image search. So, images can be searched based on their contents (pixels) but not by their
keywords. It is difficult to measure image content similarity due to visual changes caused by varying
viewpoint and environment. In this paper, a simple and efficient method to effectively measure the
content similarity from image measurements is proposed. The proposed approach is based on the
three well-known algorithms: colour histogram, texture and moment invariants. It ensures that the
proposed image retrieval approach produces results which are highly relevant to the content of an
image query, by taking into account the three distinct features of the image and similarity metrics
based on Euclidean measure. Colour histogram is used to extract the colour features of an image.
Gabor filter is used to extract the texture features and the moment invariant is used to extract the
shape features of an image. It also uses fuzzy similarity measures.
“ Vertical Image Search Engine” is IEEE project ppt. The basic working principle of the image search engine can be helpful to you in building up final year project.
Cartoon Based Image Retrieval : An Indexing Approachmlaij
This paper proposes a methodology for the content based image retrieval which is implemented on the
cartoon images. The similarities between a query cartoon character image and the images in database are
computed by the feature extraction using the fusion descriptors of SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature
Transforms) and HOG (Histogram of Gradient). Based on the similarities, the cartoon images same or
similar to query images are identified and retrieved. This method makes use of indexing technique for more
efficient and scalable retrieval of the cartoon character. The experiment results demonstrate that the
proposed method is efficient in retrieving the cartoon images from the large database.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Query Image Searching With Integrated Textual and Visual Relevance Feedback f...IJERA Editor
There are many researchers who have studied the relevance feedback in the literature of content based image
retrieval (CBIR) community, but none of CBIR search engines support it because of scalability, effectiveness
and efficiency issues. In this, we had implemented an integrated relevance feedback for retrieving of web
images. Here, we had concentrated on integration of both textual features (TF) and visual features (VF) based
relevance feedback (RF), simultaneously we also tested them individually. The TFRF employs and effective
search result clustering (SRC) algorithm to get salient phrases. Then a new user interface (UI) is proposed to
support RF. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is scalable, effective and accurated
Evaluation of Euclidean and Manhanttan Metrics In Content Based Image Retriev...IJERA Editor
Content-based Image Retrieval is all about generating signatures of images in database and comparing the signature of the query image with these stored signatures. Color histogram can be used as signature of an image and used to compare two images based on certain distance metric. Distance metrics Manhattan distance (L1 norm) and Euclidean distance (L2 norm) are used to determine similarities between a pair of images. In this paper, Corel database is used to evaluate the performance of Manhattan and Euclidean distance metrics. The experimental results showed that Manhattan showed better precision rate than Euclidean distance metric. The evaluation is made using Content based image retrieval application developed using color moments of the Hue, Saturation and Value(HSV) of the image and Gabor descriptors are adopted as texture features.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
A Review of Feature Extraction Techniques for CBIR based on SVMIJEEE
As with the advancement of multimedia technologies, users are not gratified with the conventional retrieval system techniques. So a application “Content Based Image Retrieval System” is introduced. CBIR is the application to retrieve the images or to search the digital images from the large database .The term “content” deals with the colour, shape, texture and all the information which is extracted from the image itself. This paper reviews the CBIR system which uses SVM classifier based algorithms for feature extraction phase.
A Multi Criteria Decision Making Based Approach for Semantic Image Annotationijcax
Automatic image annotation has emerged as an important research topic due to its potential application on both image understanding and web image search. This paper presents a model, which integrates visual topics and regional contexts to automatic image annotation. Regional contexts model the relationship between the regions, while visual topics provide the global distribution of topics over an image. Previous image annotation methods neglected the relationship between the regions in an image, while these regions are exactly explanation of the image semantics, therefore considering the relationship between them are helpful to annotate the images. Regional contexts and visual topics are learned by PLSA (Probability
Latent Semantic Analysis) from the training data. The proposed model incorporates these two types of information by MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) approach based on WSM (Weighted Sum Method). Experiments conducted on the 5k Corel dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed
model.
SIGNIFICANCE OF DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION IN IMAGE PROCESSING sipij
The aim of this paper is to present a comparative study of two linear dimension reduction methods namely
PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis). The main idea of PCA is to
transform the high dimensional input space onto the feature space where the maximal variance is
displayed. The feature selection in traditional LDA is obtained by maximizing the difference between
classes and minimizing the distance within classes. PCA finds the axes with maximum variance for the
whole data set where LDA tries to find the axes for best class seperability. The neural network is trained
about the reduced feature set (using PCA or LDA) of images in the database for fast searching of images
from the database using back propagation algorithm. The proposed method is experimented over a general
image database using Matlab. The performance of these systems has been evaluated by Precision and
Recall measures. Experimental results show that PCA gives the better performance in terms of higher
precision and recall values with lesser computational complexity than LDA
Robust and Radial Image Comparison Using Reverse Image Search IJMER
This paper proposed a robust, radial and effective content-based image retrieval (CBIR)
or query by image content (QBIC) or content based visual information retrieval (CBVIR) approach,
which is based on colour, texture and shape features. Due to the enormous increase in image
database sizes, as well as its vast deployment in various applications, the need for CBIR development
arose. In this proposed approach, image attributes like image name, keywords and meta data are not
used to compute image similarity and image retrieval. So, concept based image retrieval is not used.
If an image is given as an input query and the output is based on the input image query, it is called as
reverse image search. So, images can be searched based on their contents (pixels) but not by their
keywords. It is difficult to measure image content similarity due to visual changes caused by varying
viewpoint and environment. In this paper, a simple and efficient method to effectively measure the
content similarity from image measurements is proposed. The proposed approach is based on the
three well-known algorithms: colour histogram, texture and moment invariants. It ensures that the
proposed image retrieval approach produces results which are highly relevant to the content of an
image query, by taking into account the three distinct features of the image and similarity metrics
based on Euclidean measure. Colour histogram is used to extract the colour features of an image.
Gabor filter is used to extract the texture features and the moment invariant is used to extract the
shape features of an image. It also uses fuzzy similarity measures.
“ Vertical Image Search Engine” is IEEE project ppt. The basic working principle of the image search engine can be helpful to you in building up final year project.
Cartoon Based Image Retrieval : An Indexing Approachmlaij
This paper proposes a methodology for the content based image retrieval which is implemented on the
cartoon images. The similarities between a query cartoon character image and the images in database are
computed by the feature extraction using the fusion descriptors of SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature
Transforms) and HOG (Histogram of Gradient). Based on the similarities, the cartoon images same or
similar to query images are identified and retrieved. This method makes use of indexing technique for more
efficient and scalable retrieval of the cartoon character. The experiment results demonstrate that the
proposed method is efficient in retrieving the cartoon images from the large database.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Query Image Searching With Integrated Textual and Visual Relevance Feedback f...IJERA Editor
There are many researchers who have studied the relevance feedback in the literature of content based image
retrieval (CBIR) community, but none of CBIR search engines support it because of scalability, effectiveness
and efficiency issues. In this, we had implemented an integrated relevance feedback for retrieving of web
images. Here, we had concentrated on integration of both textual features (TF) and visual features (VF) based
relevance feedback (RF), simultaneously we also tested them individually. The TFRF employs and effective
search result clustering (SRC) algorithm to get salient phrases. Then a new user interface (UI) is proposed to
support RF. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is scalable, effective and accurated
Evaluation of Euclidean and Manhanttan Metrics In Content Based Image Retriev...IJERA Editor
Content-based Image Retrieval is all about generating signatures of images in database and comparing the signature of the query image with these stored signatures. Color histogram can be used as signature of an image and used to compare two images based on certain distance metric. Distance metrics Manhattan distance (L1 norm) and Euclidean distance (L2 norm) are used to determine similarities between a pair of images. In this paper, Corel database is used to evaluate the performance of Manhattan and Euclidean distance metrics. The experimental results showed that Manhattan showed better precision rate than Euclidean distance metric. The evaluation is made using Content based image retrieval application developed using color moments of the Hue, Saturation and Value(HSV) of the image and Gabor descriptors are adopted as texture features.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
A Review of Feature Extraction Techniques for CBIR based on SVMIJEEE
As with the advancement of multimedia technologies, users are not gratified with the conventional retrieval system techniques. So a application “Content Based Image Retrieval System” is introduced. CBIR is the application to retrieve the images or to search the digital images from the large database .The term “content” deals with the colour, shape, texture and all the information which is extracted from the image itself. This paper reviews the CBIR system which uses SVM classifier based algorithms for feature extraction phase.
A Multi Criteria Decision Making Based Approach for Semantic Image Annotationijcax
Automatic image annotation has emerged as an important research topic due to its potential application on both image understanding and web image search. This paper presents a model, which integrates visual topics and regional contexts to automatic image annotation. Regional contexts model the relationship between the regions, while visual topics provide the global distribution of topics over an image. Previous image annotation methods neglected the relationship between the regions in an image, while these regions are exactly explanation of the image semantics, therefore considering the relationship between them are helpful to annotate the images. Regional contexts and visual topics are learned by PLSA (Probability
Latent Semantic Analysis) from the training data. The proposed model incorporates these two types of information by MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) approach based on WSM (Weighted Sum Method). Experiments conducted on the 5k Corel dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed
model.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal,
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RETRIEVAL TECHNIQUES IN CONTENT BASED IMAGE RETRIEVALcscpconf
Basic group of visual techniques such as color, shape, texture are used in Content Based Image Retrievals (CBIR) to retrieve query image or sub region of image to find similar images in image database. To improve query result, relevance feedback is used many times in CBIR to help user to express their preference and improve query results. In this paper, a new approach for image retrieval is proposed which is based on the features such as Color Histogram, Eigen Values and Match Point. Images from various types of database are first identified by using edge detection techniques .Once the image is identified, then the image is searched in the particular database, then all related images are displayed. This will save the retrieval time. Further to retrieve the precise query image, any of the three techniques are used and comparison is done w.r.t. average retrieval time. Eigen value technique found to be the best as compared with other two techniques.
This paper presents a method based on principle of content based image retrieval for online shopping based on color, HSV aiming at efficient retrieval of images from the large database for online shopping specially for fashion shopping. Here, HSV modeling is used for creating our application with a huge image database, which compares image source with the destination components. In this paper, a technique is used for finding items by image search, which is convenient for buyers in order to allow them to see the products. The reason for using image search for items instead of text searches is that item searching by keywords or text has some issues such as errors in search items, expansion in search and inaccuracy in search results. This paper is an attempt to help users to choose the best options among many products and decide exactly what they want with the fast and easy search by image retrieval. This technology is providing a new search mode, searching by image, which will help buyers for finding the same or similar image retrieval in the database store. The image searching results have been made customers buy products quickly. This feature is implemented to identify and extract features of prominent object present in an image. Using different statistical measures, similarity measures are calculated and evaluated. Image retrieval based on color is a trivial task. Identifying objects of prominence in an image and retrieving image with similar features is a complex task. Finding prominent object in an image is difficult in a background image and is the challenging task in retrieving images. We calculated and change the region of interest in order to increase speed of operation as well as accuracy by masking the background content. The Implementation results proved that proposed method is effective in recalling the images of same pattern or texture.
Image search using similarity measures based on circular sectorscsandit
With growing number of stored image data, image sea
rch and image similarity problem become
more and more important. The answer can be solved b
y Content-Based Image Retrieval
systems. This paper deals with an image search usin
g similarity measures based on circular
sectors method. The method is inspired by human eye
functionality. The main contribution of the
paper is a modified method that increases accuracy
for about 8% in comparison with original
approach. Here proposed method has used HSB colour
model and median function for feature
extraction. The original approach uses RGB colour m
odel with mean function. Implemented
method was validated on 10 image categories where o
verall average precision was 67%
IMAGE SEARCH USING SIMILARITY MEASURES BASED ON CIRCULAR SECTORScscpconf
With growing number of stored image data, image search and image similarity problem become
more and more important. The answer can be solved by Content-Based Image Retrieval
systems. This paper deals with an image search using similarity measures based on circular
sectors method. The method is inspired by human eye functionality. The main contribution of the
paper is a modified method that increases accuracy for about 8% in comparison with original
approach. Here proposed method has used HSB colour model and median function for feature
extraction. The original approach uses RGB colour model with mean function. Implemented
method was validated on 10 image categories where overall average precision was 67%.
Web Image Retrieval Using Visual Dictionaryijwscjournal
In this research, we have proposed semantic based image retrieval system to retrieve set of relevant images for the given query image from the Web. We have used global color space model and Dense SIFT feature extraction technique to generate visual dictionary using proposed quantization algorithm. The images are transformed into set of features. These features are used as inputs in our proposed Quantization algorithm for generating the code word to form visual dictionary. These codewords are used to represent images semantically to form visual labels using Bag-of-Features (BoF). The Histogram intersection method is used to measure the distance between input image and the set of images in the image database to retrieve similar images. The experimental results are evaluated over a collection of 1000 generic Web images to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Web Image Retrieval Using Visual Dictionaryijwscjournal
In this research, we have proposed semantic based image retrieval system to retrieve set of relevant images for the given query image from the Web. We have used global color space model and Dense SIFT feature extraction technique to generate visual dictionary using proposed quantization algorithm. The images are transformed into set of features. These features are used as inputs in our proposed Quantization algorithm for generating the code word to form visual dictionary. These codewords are used to represent images semantically to form visual labels using Bag-of-Features (BoF). The Histogram intersection method is used to measure the distance between input image and the set of images in the image database to retrieve similar images. The experimental results are evaluated over a collection of 1000 generic Web images to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
A novel Image Retrieval System using an effective region based shape represen...CSCJournals
With recent improvements in methods for the acquisition and rendering of shapes, the need for retrieval of shapes from large repositories of shapes has gained prominence. A variety of methods have been proposed that enable the efficient querying of shape repositories for a desired shape or image. Many of these methods use a sample shape as a query and attempt to retrieve shapes from the database that have a similar shape. This paper introduces a novel and efficient shape matching approach for the automatic identification of real world objects. The identification process is applied on isolated objects and requires the segmentation of the image into separate objects, followed by the extraction of representative shape signatures and the similarity estimation of pairs of objects considering the information extracted from the segmentation process and shape signature. We compute a 1D shape signature function from a region shape and use it for region shape representation and retrieval through similarity estimation. The proposed region shape feature is much more efficient to compute than other region shape techniques invariant to image transformation.
Color and texture based image retrievaleSAT Journals
Abstract Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is an vital research area for manipulating bulky image databases and records. Alongside the conventional method where the images are searched on the basis of words, CBIR system uses visual contents to retrieve the images. In content based image retrieval systems texture and color features have been the primal descriptors. We use HSV color information and mean of the image as texture information. The performance of proposed scheme is calculated on the basis of precision, recall and accuracy. As an effect, the blend of color and texture features of the image provides strong feature set for image retrieval. Keywords: image retrieval, HSV color space, color histogram, image texture.
Information search using text and image queryeSAT Journals
Abstract An image retrieval and re-ranking system utilizing a visual re-ranking framework which is proposed in this paper the system retrieves a dataset from the World Wide Web based on textual query submitted by the user. These results are kept as data set for information retrieval. This dataset is then re-ranked using a visual query (multiple images selected by user from the dataset) which conveys user’s intention semantically. Visual descriptors (MPEG-7) which describe image with respect to low-level feature like color, texture, etc are used for calculating distances. These distances are a measure of similarity between query images and members of the dataset. Our proposed system has been assessed on different types of queries such as apples, Console, Paris, etc. It shows significant improvement on initial text-based search results.This system is well suitable for online shopping application. Index Terms: MPEG-7, Color Layout Descriptor (CLD), Edge Histogram Descriptor (EHD), image retrieval and re-ranking system
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
NEW ONTOLOGY RETRIEVAL IMAGE METHOD IN 5K COREL IMAGESijcax
Semantic annotation of images is an important research topic on both image understanding and database
or web image search. Image annotation is a technique to choosing appropriate labels for images with
extracting effective and hidden feature in pictures. In the feature extraction step of proposed method, we
present a model, which combined effective features of visual topics (global features over an image) and
regional contexts (relationship between the regions in Image and each other regions images) to automatic
image annotation.In the annotation step of proposed method, we create a new ontology (base on WordNet
ontology) for the semantic relationships between tags in the classification and improving semantic gap
exist in the automatic image annotation.Experiments result on the 5k Corel dataset show the proposed
method of image annotation in addition to reducing the complexity of the classification, increased accuracy
compared to the another methods.
NEW ONTOLOGY RETRIEVAL IMAGE METHOD IN 5K COREL IMAGESijcax
Semantic annotation of images is an important research topic on both image understanding and database
or web image search. Image annotation is a technique to choosing appropriate labels for images with
extracting effective and hidden feature in pictures. In the feature extraction step of proposed method, we
present a model, which combined effective features of visual topics (global features over an image) and
regional contexts (relationship between the regions in Image and each other regions images) to automatic
image annotation.In the annotation step of proposed method, we create a new ontology (base on WordNet
ontology) for the semantic relationships between tags in the classification and improving semantic gap
exist in the automatic image annotation.Experiments result on the 5k Corel dataset show the proposed
method of image annotation in addition to reducing the complexity of the classification, increased accuracy
compared to the another methods
NEW ONTOLOGY RETRIEVAL IMAGE METHOD IN 5K COREL IMAGESijcax
Semantic annotation of images is an important research topic on both image understanding and database
or web image search. Image annotation is a technique to choosing appropriate labels for images with
extracting effective and hidden feature in pictures. In the feature extraction step of proposed method, we
present a model, which combined effective features of visual topics (global features over an image) and
regional contexts (relationship between the regions in Image and each other regions images) to automatic
image annotation.In the annotation step of proposed method, we create a new ontology (base on WordNet
ontology) for the semantic relationships between tags in the classification and improving semantic gap
exist in the automatic image annotation.Experiments result on the 5k Corel dataset show the proposed
method of image annotation in addition to reducing the complexity of the classification, increased accuracy
compared to the another methods.
NEW ONTOLOGY RETRIEVAL IMAGE METHOD IN 5K COREL IMAGESijcax
Semantic annotation of images is an important research topic on both image understanding and database or web image search. Image annotation is a technique to choosing appropriate labels for images with
extracting effective and hidden feature in pictures. In the feature extraction step of proposed method, we present a model, which combined effective features of visual topics (global features over an image) and regional contexts (relationship between the regions in Image and each other regions images) to automatic
image annotation. In the annotation step of proposed method, we create a new ontology (base on WordNet ontology) for the semantic relationships between tags in the classification and improving semantic gap exist in the automatic image annotation. Experiments result on the 5k Corel dataset show the proposed
method of image annotation in addition to reducing the complexity of the classification, increased accuracy compared to the another methods.
NEW ONTOLOGY RETRIEVAL IMAGE METHOD IN 5K COREL IMAGESijcax
Semantic annotation of images is an important research topic on both image understanding and database
or web image search. Image annotation is a technique to choosing appropriate labels for images with
extracting effective and hidden feature in pictures. In the feature extraction step of proposed method, we
present a model, which combined effective features of visual topics (global features over an image) and
regional contexts (relationship between the regions in Image and each other regions images) to automatic
image annotation.In the annotation step of proposed method, we create a new ontology (base on WordNet
ontology) for the semantic relationships between tags in the classification and improving semantic gap
exist in the automatic image annotation.Experiments result on the 5k Corel dataset show the proposed
method of image annotation in addition to reducing the complexity of the classification, increased accuracy
compared to the another methods.
NEW ONTOLOGY RETRIEVAL IMAGE METHOD IN 5K COREL IMAGESijcax
Semantic annotation of images is an important research topic on both image understanding and databaseor web image search. Image annotation is a technique to choosing appropriate labels for images with extracting effective and hidden feature in pictures. In the feature extraction step of proposed method, we
present a model, which combined effective features of visual topics (global features over an image) and regional contexts (relationship between the regions in Image and each other regions images) to automatic image annotation.In the nnotation step of proposed method, we create a new ontology (base on WordNet ontology) for the semantic relationships between tags in the classification and improving semantic gap exist in the automatic image
annotation.Experiments result on the 5k Corel dataset show the proposed method of image annotation in addition to reducing the complexity of the classification, increased accuracy compared to the another methods.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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2. Roshani Pasalkar, Raj Makwana and Prof. Dr. S. D. Joshi
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 52 editor@iaeme.com
image annotation task consists to assign a set of semantic tags or labels to a novel
image based on some models Learned from certain training data.
To take advantages of both the visual information and user-contributed tags for
image retrieval, in this system we are going to incorporate both image content and tag
information in to image Retrieval and annotation tasks. This system is useful to all
users who search for respective image i.e. in biomedical, police department.
Another approach to the semantic gap issue is to take advantage of the advance in
computer vision domain, which is closely related to object recognition and image
analysis. Duygulu et al. [12] present a machine translation model which maps the
keyword annotation onto the discrete vocabulary of clustered image segmentations.
Moreover, Blei and Jordan extend this approach through employing a mixture of
latent factors to generate keywords and blob features. Jeon et al. [13] reformulate the
problem as cross-lingual information retrieval, and propose a cross-media relevance
model to the image annotation task.
In most recent, bag-of-words representation [7] of the local feature descriptors
demonstrated promising performance in calculating the image similarity. To deal with
the high-dimensionality of the vector feature space, the efficient hashing index
methods have been investigated in [7] and [12]. These approaches did not take
consideration of the tag information which is very important for the image retrieval
task. Most recently, Jing and Baluja [14] present an intuitive graph model-based
method for product image search. They directly view images as documents and their
similarities as probabilistic 464 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA, VOL.
12, NO. 5, AUGUST 2010 visual link. Moreover, the likelihood of images is
estimated by a similarity matching function on the image similarity graph.
However, the image-tag [8] and video-view graphs [4] based approaches did not
take consideration of the contents of images or videos, which lose the opportunity to
retrieve more accurate results. In [13], a re-ranking scheme is developed using
similarity matching over the video story graph. Multiple-instance learning can also
take advantage of the graph-based representation [13] in the image annotation task.
Apart from its connection with research work in content based image retrieval, our
work is also related to the broad research topic in graph-based methods. Graph-based
methods are intensively studied with the aim of reducing the gap of the visual features
and semantic concept. In [10], the images are represented by the attributed relational
graphs, in which each node in the graph represents an image region and each edge
represents a relation between two regions. An image is represented as a sequence of
feature-vectors characterizing low-level visual features, and is modeled as if it was
stochastically generated by a hidden Markov model, whose states represent concepts.
2. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In this paper following two level data fusions are used to bridging the gap between the
image contents and tags:
• A unified graph is built to fuse the visual feature-based image similarity graph with
the image tag bipartite graph.
• Along with query image we have provided tag as input and that is built to utilize a
fusion parameter to balance the influence between the image contents and tags. In this
paper automated image annotation technique is used to make huge unlabeled digital.
Photos index able by existing text based indexing and search solutions. An image
annotation task consists to assign a set of semantic tags or labels to an image. Our
database consists of multiple folders of various types of images. Each folder consists
3. Image and Annotation Retrieval via Image Contents and Tags
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of a particular set of similar images, for e.g. roses, horses, airplanes etc. We are
assigning common tags to only one image in a set. Then with the help of similarity
matching function, the other images in the same set will be annotated automatically.
The database is dynamic, i.e., could be updated at runtime.
Due to text based indexing mechanism, whenever a query is fired, image as well tag is
given as input, due to which it will directly search in only that specific folder itself.
And thus, the results are prioritized accordingly. In case of unmatched image-tag
combination, it will search the complete database till a match is found for image.
Figure 1 System Architecture
3. FEATURE EXTRACTION
3.1. Color Feature Extraction Methods
A. Grid Color Image: It extract the color features of the image, in the traditional way
they uses the RGB, as compared to RGB, HSV has better performance, so we use
HSV for the Grid Color moment feature extraction.[5]
We evaluate the content based image retrieval HSV color space of the images in
the database. HSV stands for the Hue, Saturation and Value, provides the perception
representation according with human visual feature. The HSV model, defines a color
space in terms of three constituent components: Hue, the color type Range from 0 to
360. Saturation, the "vibrancy" of the color: ranges from 0 to 100%, and occasionally
is called the "purity". Value, the brightness of the color: Ranges from 0 to 100%. HSV
is cylindrical geometries, with hue, their angular dimension, starting at the red
primary at 0°, passing through the green primary at 120° and the blue primary at 240°,
and then back to red at 360° [10, 7]. The HSV planes are shown as Figure 1.
The different planes of HSV color space, the quantization of the number of colors
into several bins is done in order to decrease the number of colors used in image
retrieval, and J.R. Smith [8] designs the scheme to quantize the color space into 166
colors. Li design the non-uniform scheme to quantize into 72 colors. We propose the
scheme to produce 15 non-uniform colors. The formula that transfers from RGB to
HSV is defined as below:
H= { ½ [(R-G) + (R − B)]/
4. Roshani Pasalkar, Raj Makwana and Prof. Dr. S. D. Joshi
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 54 editor@iaeme.com
} S = 1 –(3/R + G + B)[min(R, G,B)]
V=1/3(R + G + B)
Figure 2 HSV Model
The R, G, B represent red, green and blue components respectively with value
between 0–255. In order to obtain the value of H from 0 to 360, the value of S and V
from 0 to 1, we do execute the following formula:
H= ((H/255*360) ) mod 360
V= V/255
S= S/255
The various steps to retrieve images are given below:
Step 1: Take an image from the available database.
Step 2: Resize the image for m [256. 256].
Step 3: Convert the RGB color space image to HSV by using above given formula.
Step 4: Generate the histogram of hue, saturation and value
Step 5: Quantize the values generated into number of bins.
Step6: Store the quantized values of database images into a file.
Step 7: Load the Query image given by the user.
Step 8: Apply the procedure 2–6 to find quantized HSV values of Query image.
Step 9: Sort the distance values to perform indexing.
Step 10: Display the retrieved results on the user interface.
3.2. Shape Feature Extraction
3.2.1. Sobel with Mean and Median Filter
Sobel has two main advantages compared to other edge detection operators: Sobel has
some smoothing effect to the random noise of the image since the introduction of
average factor. Because it is the differential of two rows or two columns, the elements
of the edge on both sides has been enhanced, so that the edge seems thick and bright.
Edge detection is usually carried out by use of local operator in airspace. What is
usually used are orthogonal gradient operator, directional differential operator and
some other operators relevant to second-order differential operator. Sobel operator is a
5. Image and Annotation Retrieval via Image Contents and Tags
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kind of orthogonal gradient operator. Gradient corresponds to first derivative, and
gradient operator is a derivative operator. For a continuous function f(x, y), in the
position (x, y), its gradient can be expressed as a vector (the two components are two
first derivatives which are along the X and Y direction respectively):
Method Advantages Disadvantages
Sobel, Prewitt
Detection of edges and their
Orientations
Inaccurate
Laplacian of Guassian
(LoG)
Finding the Correct places of
the Edges
Corners and curves where
the gray Level intensity
function varies
Canny
Using probability for
finding error rate
Complex Computations
and False Zero Crossing
To overcome this disadvantage of sobel, we use mean or median filter with sobel
method to de-noising the noise effect. So we can tackle this problem of noising with
the help of mean and median result, to get better results.
Sobel filtering is a three step process. Two 3× 3 filters (often called kernels) are
applied separately and independently. The weights these kernels apply to pixels in the
3 × 3 region are depicted below:
Again, notice that in both cases, the sum of the weights is 0. The idea behind these
two filters is to approximate the derivatives in x and y, respectively. Call the results of
these two filters Dx (x, y) and Dy (x, y). Both Dx and Dy can have positive or
negative values, so you need to add 0.5 so that a value of 0 corresponds to a middle
gray in order to avoid clamping (to [0..1]) of these intermediate results.
The final step in the Sobel filter +approximates the gradient magnitude based on
the partial derivatives (Dx (x, y) and Dy (x, y)) from the previous steps. The gradient
magnitude, which is the result of the Sobel Filter S(x, y), is simply:
S(x, y) =√ ((Dx (x, y))2 + (Dy (x, y))2)
So, in summary, the three steps are:
• Compute the image storing partial derivatives in x (Dx (x, y)) by applying the left 3 ×
3 kernel to the original input image.
• Compute the image storing partial derivatives in y (Dy (x, y)) by applying the left 3 ×
3 kernel to the original input image
• Compute the gradient magnitude S(x, y) based on Dx and Dy.
6. Roshani Pasalkar, Raj Makwana and Prof. Dr. S. D. Joshi
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Two further things to notice about Sobel filters:
• Both the derivative kernels depicted above are separable, so they could be split into
disjoint x and y passes, and
• The entire filter can actually be implemented in a single-pass GLSL filter in a
relatively straightforward manner.
3.2. Texture Feature Extraction
3.2.1. The Proposed Algorithm Using Framelet Transform
The basic steps involved in the proposed CBIR system as follows [11].
• Feature vector ( ) Decompose each image in Framelet Transform Domain.
• Calculate the Energy, mean and standard deviation of the Framelet transform
Decomposed image.
Energy = 1/ × Σ =1Σ i=1(| , |)
Standard Deviation ( ) = √1/ ( × ) Σ =1Σ =1 ( ( ,)−μ )^2μ
Mean value of the h Framelet transform sub band co-efficient of h Framelet
transform sub band. × is the size of the decomposed sub band.
• The resulting = [ 1, 2,…., , 1, 2…… ] is used to create the feature
database.
• Apply the query image and calculate the feature vector as given in step (2) & (3).
• Calculate the similarity measure.
• Retrieve all relevant images to query image
3.2.2. Flow of Algorithm Using Framelet Transform
Figure 3 Frame late Transformation Flow Diagram
3.3. Image Annotation
Automated image annotation has been an active and challenging research topic in
computer vision and pattern recognition for years. Automated image annotation is
7. Image and Annotation Retrieval via Image Contents and Tags
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 57 editor@iaeme.com
essential to make huge unlabeled digital photos indexable by existing text based
indexing and search solutions. In general, an image annotation task consists to assign
a set of semantic tags or labels to a novel image based on some models learned from
certain training data. Conventional image annotation approaches often attempt to
detect semantic concepts with a collection of human-labeled training images. Due to
the long-standing challenge of object recognition, such approaches, though working
reasonably well for small-sized test beds, often perform poorly on large dataset in the
real world. Besides, it is often expensive and time-consuming to collect the training
data. In addition to the success in image retrieval, our framework also provides a
natural, effective, and efficient solution for automated image annotation tasks. For
every new image, we first extract a feature vector through the method described above
in Section III-A,B,C. Then, we find the top- similar images using eq(1) , and link the
new image to the top- images in the hybrid graph. Finally built image node, and return
the top- tags as the annotations to this image.
3.4. Similarity Matching
For every set of similar images in the database, only single images are be assigned
tags. The remaining images of the set are be annotated automatically using similarity
matching method. Thus, we don’t have to manually assign tags to every image.
Image with Tag: is build to utilize a fusion parameter to balance the influence
between the image contents and tags and finally retrieve the images rank wise as well
as retrieve the annotations for the query image.
3.4.1. Hybrid graph construction
Sim(dp, dq) = (1)
Where, dp and dq represent image feature vector of corresponding image dp, and dq
Figure 4 Hybrid Graph
8. Roshani Pasalkar, Raj Makwana and Prof. Dr. S. D. Joshi
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 58 editor@iaeme.com
Hybrid Graph: On the basis of the feature extracted from the images we are match
the similarity between the images by using hybrid graph, for that first we build the
image to image graph from extracted features & image to tag graph from the database
and by combining both we are generate the bipartite graph to match the similarity.
We can then apply our framework to several application areas, including the
following.
1) Image-to-image retrieval. Given an image, find relevant images based on visual
information and tags. The relevant documents should be ranked highly regardless of
whether they are adjacent to the original image in the hybrid graph.
2) Image-to-tag suggestion. This is also called image annotation. Given an image,
find related tags that have semantic relations to the contents of this image.
3) Tag-to-image retrieval. Given a tag, find a ranked list of images related to this
tag. This is more like the text-based image retrieval.
4) Tag-to-tag suggestion. Given a tag, suggest some other relevant tags to this tag.
This is also known as tag recommendation problem.
PRECISION = Number of Relevant images retrieved /Total Number of images
retrieved.
RECALL= Number of Relevant images Retrieved/Number of relevant images in the
database.
Figure 5 Precision Recall Graph
9. Image and Annotation Retrieval via Image Contents and Tags
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4. IMPLEMENTATION RESULT
Search by HSV Method for color Feature
Search by Modified sobel for shape Feature
10. Roshani Pasalkar, Raj Makwana and Prof. Dr. S. D. Joshi
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Search by modified sobel and HSV for shape and color Feature
Search by Framelet for Texture Feature
11. Image and Annotation Retrieval via Image Contents and Tags
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Search by All Methods Feature
Figure 6 Implementation Result
Table 1 Analytical Table: Pr=Precesion Re=Recall
12. Roshani Pasalkar, Raj Makwana and Prof. Dr. S. D. Joshi
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5. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we present a novel framework for one thousand image retrieval tasks.
The proposed frameworks retrieve images with their annotation. Our method can be
easily adapted to very large datasets. For every set of similar images in the database,
only single images are be assigned tags. The remaining images of the set are be
annotated automatically using similarity matching method. Thus, we don’t have to
manually assign tags to every image. This helps to achieve performance and retrieval
efficiency and thus decreases time complexity.
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