IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) allows hosts to join and leave multicast groups, enabling efficient delivery of data from a sender to multiple receivers. It works between hosts and multicast routers to inform when a host wants to join or leave a multicast transmission. This avoids overloading the network by allowing data to be sent to all interested receivers simultaneously rather than requiring separate data streams to each device. Stanford University first specified IGMP in 1989 to manage dynamic groups for IP multicast transmissions.

1. INTERNATE GROUP MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL
Samreen Akhtar
18DCS058
PRESENTED BY

2. WHAT IS THE STORY BEHIND THE INTERNET GROUP MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL?
Since the great success of streaming services such as Netflix and
Spotify , IP multicasting has became an essential transmission method
for internet. This technical procedure enables the sender to send data
streams to entire receiver groups, enabling them to make optimum use
of transport and routing capacities. Without this transmission method, the
sender would have to send separate data packets to each receiving
device, which would require very big bandwidth and would quickly lead
to an overload. This would make it practically impossible to keep the
service permanently available.
So in 1989 Stanford University first specified the Internet Group
Management Protocol to manage dynamic groups of IP multicast
transmission.

3. IGMP – Internet group management protocal
 This protocol is used in communication between the end user.
 The two main goals of IGMP are as follows:
 i) To inform a local multicast router that a host wants to receive
multicast traffic for a specific group.
ii) To inform local multicast that a host wants to leave a multicast
group.
Router End user
IGMP
Join/Leave
Server
Route
r
Route
r
Client
Client
Client
Network
With
Multicast

4. Architecture

5. Working;
 IGMP works on devices that are capable of handling multicast groups and
dynamic multicasting.
 This device allow the host to join or leave the membership in the multicast
group, and also allow to add and remove clients from the group.
 This communication protocol is operated between host and multicast
router.
 L2 or level-2 devices such as switches are used in between host and
multicast router for IGMP snooping.
 IGMP snooping is a process to listen to IGMP network traffic in controlled
manner.
 Switch receives the message from host and forward to the local multicast
router.
 The multicast traffic is further forwarded to remote routers from local
multicast routers using PIM (protocol Independent Multicast) so that
clients can receive the message or data packets.

6.  IGMP format:
NOW, IGMP used two specific message structure:-
Report message: It is used by the client to join the multicast group.
Query message: It is used by the router that is functioning as a Queries.
There are three different version in IGMP:-p
IGMP v1:The version of IGMP allows all the supporting hosts to join the multicast groups
using membership request and include some basic features. But, host cannot leave the
group on their own and have to wait for a timeout to leave the group.
VER TYPE
(1/2)
Maximum
response
time
CHECKSU
M
32 bit group address (class
D)

7. IGMP v2: IGMP v2 is the revised version of IGMP v1 communication
protocol. It has added functionality of leaving the multicast group using
group membership.
IGMP v3: : IGMP v2 is the revised to IGMP v3 and added source-specific
multicast and membership report aggregation. These reports are sent to
224.0,0.22.

8. Advantages:
 IGMP communication protocol efficiently transmits the multicast
data to the receivers and so, no junk packets are transmitted to
the host which shows optimized performance.
 Bandwidth is consumed totally as all the shared links are
connected.
 Hosts can leave a multicast group and join another..
Disadvantages;
 It does not provide good efficiently in filtering and security.
 Due to lack of TCP , network congestion can occur.
 IGMP is vulnerable to some attacks such as DOS attack (Denial-
Of-Service).

9.  Application:
Streaming-
Multicast routing protocol are used for audio and video streaming
over the network i.e., either one-to-many or many-to-many.
Gaming-
Internet group management protocol is often used in simulation
games which has multiple users over the network such as online
games.
Web Conferencing tools-
Video Conferencing is a new method to meet people from your own
convenience and IGMP connects to the users for conferencing and
transfers the message/data packets efficiently.