An electric circuits' remote switching system based on gsm radio networkeSAT Journals
Abstract Mobile phone industry is classified among the fastest growing engineering branches. It has to be exploited for vast applications, reliability and affordability. Mobile cellular phone subscribers have reached saturation point; with such information, the basic cell phone that was mainly utilized to make calls will also be utilized for remote switching and control activities. The now developed system is based on the global system for mobile communications (GSM) radio network: it will operate as a very long distance remote switch. Utilizing the daily cell phone, a user will either put on/off any desired electric circuit located in an owned, controlled compound. Two cell phones are provided, one being a mobile transmitter user end and another being referred to as a fixed receiver end. A signal will be sent from the user end to put a consumer’s electric circuit either on or off at the receiver end; afterwards, the receiver end will notify the user-end about the on/off state of the consumer. The particularity of this publication is the system simplicity, yet cheap and safe, so that even very low income cell phone users can enjoy radio frequency (RF) technology’s increasing applications. The software utilized to develop and simulate circuits is the linear technology, LT spice. The calculative theory has quantitatively enriched the methodology. Both the building blocks and the physical implementation diagrams for the system are herein contained. The remote switching system based on GSM radio network has been successfully designed, implemented, tested and its functionality has been examined.
Keywords: Radio communication, LTspice, GSM, ON/OFF control
An electric circuits' remote switching system based on gsm radio networkeSAT Journals
Abstract Mobile phone industry is classified among the fastest growing engineering branches. It has to be exploited for vast applications, reliability and affordability. Mobile cellular phone subscribers have reached saturation point; with such information, the basic cell phone that was mainly utilized to make calls will also be utilized for remote switching and control activities. The now developed system is based on the global system for mobile communications (GSM) radio network: it will operate as a very long distance remote switch. Utilizing the daily cell phone, a user will either put on/off any desired electric circuit located in an owned, controlled compound. Two cell phones are provided, one being a mobile transmitter user end and another being referred to as a fixed receiver end. A signal will be sent from the user end to put a consumer’s electric circuit either on or off at the receiver end; afterwards, the receiver end will notify the user-end about the on/off state of the consumer. The particularity of this publication is the system simplicity, yet cheap and safe, so that even very low income cell phone users can enjoy radio frequency (RF) technology’s increasing applications. The software utilized to develop and simulate circuits is the linear technology, LT spice. The calculative theory has quantitatively enriched the methodology. Both the building blocks and the physical implementation diagrams for the system are herein contained. The remote switching system based on GSM radio network has been successfully designed, implemented, tested and its functionality has been examined.
Keywords: Radio communication, LTspice, GSM, ON/OFF control
Process monitoring, controlling and load management system in an induction motoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
GSM Based Device Controlling and Fault DetectionIJCERT
The mobile communication has expanded to a great extent such that it can be applied for controlling of electrical devices. These projects make use of this capability of mobile phone to control three electrical devices with some use of embedded technology which can be extended up to eight devices. Apart from controlling it also does the sensing of the devices. Thus a user can be able to know of the status of the devices and in addition to that the user get notified if any fault is detected. Here in the project controlling and sensing is done for three electrical devices only. According to the user need both of this can be expanded.
Energy scavenging using vibrations from bluetooth controlled DC motorTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Wide spectrum of research for application-based solutions has grown due to the requirement of automation of general electrical appliances. A low-cost solution is presented in this paper to control DC motor using Bluetooth module and controlled by an ARM processor. The main objective here is to build an efficient closed loop system which is wirelessly controlled by ARM processor 2103 using Bluetooth module and Bluetooth dongle. The system suggested here is expandable and can be integrated with latest technologies as well. The paper gives the details of the prototype for home automation system and gives the expected results with 0.1% tolerance. It also suggests the ways to integrate this system with the mobile phones and hence control the devices with the mobile handsets. The vibration frequency of the DC motor is used to generate electrical potential using MEMS tecnonlogy. A novel idea of self powered DC motor is thus presented by installing MEMS based energy harvester on the motor shaft.
A project report on energy meter monitoring online using wireless transmissio...Robo India
ROBO INDIA presents A project report on Energy Meter monitoring online using wireless Transmission using GSM Modem.
The project reads data from energy meter and uploads it to the server. And we have developed an application that can be accessed through URL that display the data. Thus it is an online mode of data logging and data monitoring.
We welcome all of your views and queries. We are found at
website- http://roboindia.com
mail- info@roboindia.com
A project report on wireless energy meter reading using x beeRobo India
Robo India presents A project report on Wireless Energy Meter Reading using X-Bee.
By this project we can see the readings of energy meter from a remote location using X-Bee. This project contains two parts. One is transmitter that is attached with the energy meter and second in Receiver. The transmitter reads the reading of energy meter and transmits them, on the other hand the receiver receives those reading and displays them on the LCD.
The project is made using AVR atmel Atmega 16 microcontroller. The project report also contains full programming and codding in the last.
we welcome your views and queries, we are found at-
website: www.roboindia.com
mail- info@roboindia.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Real time tracking based on gsm and ir module for running traineSAT Journals
Abstract
The manual process of filling and submission of the Outdoor Duty Forms is very common today. Also there are many alternatives available for automated process of remote attendance and data analysis. But there is no solution yet that provides the integrated solution for automation of all these process. We therefore came with the concept of an application that provides these services. This application is about automated process of Outdoor duty forms, remote attendance, submission of sales and marketing data and its analysis. The application will be designed for corporate usage. A database system will be maintained regarding the submission of data and this data will be used for further analysis and intelligent results.
Keywords: ODForms (Outdoor Duty Forms), BI (Business Intelligence), RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), RTO (Regional Transport Office), KPI (Key Point Indicators).
This paper mainly focuses on using wireless technology effectively for security. The system is SMS-based and uses wireless technology to revolutionize the standards of living. It uses a GSM Modem to send an SMS to the home owner in case of an intrusion. The project is realized by interfacing an infrared trans-receiver with an ATMEGA16 microcontroller and a GSM Module. As the system uses GSM technology, it provides ubiquitous access to the system for security.
Querys es una nueva forma de buscar servicios en internet. Permite definir necesidades para que las empresas, profesionales o particulares que puedan satisfacerlas se contacten con propuestas.
Process monitoring, controlling and load management system in an induction motoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
GSM Based Device Controlling and Fault DetectionIJCERT
The mobile communication has expanded to a great extent such that it can be applied for controlling of electrical devices. These projects make use of this capability of mobile phone to control three electrical devices with some use of embedded technology which can be extended up to eight devices. Apart from controlling it also does the sensing of the devices. Thus a user can be able to know of the status of the devices and in addition to that the user get notified if any fault is detected. Here in the project controlling and sensing is done for three electrical devices only. According to the user need both of this can be expanded.
Energy scavenging using vibrations from bluetooth controlled DC motorTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Wide spectrum of research for application-based solutions has grown due to the requirement of automation of general electrical appliances. A low-cost solution is presented in this paper to control DC motor using Bluetooth module and controlled by an ARM processor. The main objective here is to build an efficient closed loop system which is wirelessly controlled by ARM processor 2103 using Bluetooth module and Bluetooth dongle. The system suggested here is expandable and can be integrated with latest technologies as well. The paper gives the details of the prototype for home automation system and gives the expected results with 0.1% tolerance. It also suggests the ways to integrate this system with the mobile phones and hence control the devices with the mobile handsets. The vibration frequency of the DC motor is used to generate electrical potential using MEMS tecnonlogy. A novel idea of self powered DC motor is thus presented by installing MEMS based energy harvester on the motor shaft.
A project report on energy meter monitoring online using wireless transmissio...Robo India
ROBO INDIA presents A project report on Energy Meter monitoring online using wireless Transmission using GSM Modem.
The project reads data from energy meter and uploads it to the server. And we have developed an application that can be accessed through URL that display the data. Thus it is an online mode of data logging and data monitoring.
We welcome all of your views and queries. We are found at
website- http://roboindia.com
mail- info@roboindia.com
A project report on wireless energy meter reading using x beeRobo India
Robo India presents A project report on Wireless Energy Meter Reading using X-Bee.
By this project we can see the readings of energy meter from a remote location using X-Bee. This project contains two parts. One is transmitter that is attached with the energy meter and second in Receiver. The transmitter reads the reading of energy meter and transmits them, on the other hand the receiver receives those reading and displays them on the LCD.
The project is made using AVR atmel Atmega 16 microcontroller. The project report also contains full programming and codding in the last.
we welcome your views and queries, we are found at-
website: www.roboindia.com
mail- info@roboindia.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Real time tracking based on gsm and ir module for running traineSAT Journals
Abstract
The manual process of filling and submission of the Outdoor Duty Forms is very common today. Also there are many alternatives available for automated process of remote attendance and data analysis. But there is no solution yet that provides the integrated solution for automation of all these process. We therefore came with the concept of an application that provides these services. This application is about automated process of Outdoor duty forms, remote attendance, submission of sales and marketing data and its analysis. The application will be designed for corporate usage. A database system will be maintained regarding the submission of data and this data will be used for further analysis and intelligent results.
Keywords: ODForms (Outdoor Duty Forms), BI (Business Intelligence), RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), RTO (Regional Transport Office), KPI (Key Point Indicators).
This paper mainly focuses on using wireless technology effectively for security. The system is SMS-based and uses wireless technology to revolutionize the standards of living. It uses a GSM Modem to send an SMS to the home owner in case of an intrusion. The project is realized by interfacing an infrared trans-receiver with an ATMEGA16 microcontroller and a GSM Module. As the system uses GSM technology, it provides ubiquitous access to the system for security.
Querys es una nueva forma de buscar servicios en internet. Permite definir necesidades para que las empresas, profesionales o particulares que puedan satisfacerlas se contacten con propuestas.
Brief overview about difference of adaptive and responsive web design, main principles of build responsive layout, and main component of responsive layout is media query.
Various parameters in the industries can be monitored and controlled using CAN bus network integrated with Bluetooth Communication. Monitoring and controlling the industrial parameters involve a large amount of man power and time consumption. To overcome the need of huge man power and time consumption this technology was developed which makes use of single person for monitoring and controlling the entire network. This method has been implemented in order to reduce the usage of wires used for communication purpose and also to reduce the errors relating to the data transfer. In this project sensors are used to sense the variable industrial parameters and the CAN protocols are used for error free data transmission and data reception purpose along with Bluetooth, pic micro controllers are used for programming the CAN controller. The data transmission rate will be higher than other wireless systems. This application is user friendly and it can be achieved at a very low cost.
Development of A web and GSM Based Monitoring and Controlling System for PLC ...ijsrd.com
In this paper we have developed a platform to remotely monitor and control PLC-based processes over web and GSM network. It will be great benefit if we control the process plant through remote monitoring and controlling. In recent years the development of industrial automation through remote monitoring and controlling has been increased. The proposed system is made possible by the use of PLC, Microcontroller, GSM modem, Ethernet Module, and other elements. The main aim of the remote monitoring and controlling is when a critical failure occurs notifications are generated and send to the expert via SMS and internet message with the help of GSM modem and through internet. The remote controlling of process is now much required control to use expert man power. The challenge here is to establish a proper serial and Ethernet communication between PLC and Microcontroller via appropriate protocol and also to integrate conventional process with recent communication technologies along with advancements in wireless and internet technology.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
2. H. Erdem and A. Üner: A Multi-Channel Remote Controller For Home and Office Appliances 2185
The second RC option is using GSM receiver which provides
accessing to the system via short message service. The first
and second channels connect user to controlled device via PC,
but the third channel uses telephone lines and DTMF signals
for control via a local microcontroller. The third channel is
considered for emergency condition, which are network
interruption and PC malfunction. These conditions are shown
in Table 2. Although telephone lines based control can be used
by other control devices, it is considered only for using in
emergency condition. Table 3 classifies communication
channels and control devices in MCRC, and Fig.1 shows
relation of channels and local controllers. As shown in figure,
three different colored connection lines indicate each RC
channel. The black line indicates internet based RC; the red
line is for GSM based RC and the blue one shows control
possibility via DTMF channel. The RC system is secured with
a common password. The user password and load status
information are common data which is continuously shared
through all channels. In designed system, 8 led’s are
considered as load.
TABLE 1. USER AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
User Requirements Design Considerations
• User friendly
• Common password
• Feedback signals
• Accessibility in any condition
• Information sharing between
channels
• Common database
• Secure and robust system
• Hardware independent
• PC independent access
possibility
• Support communications
standards
TABLE 2. EMERGENCY CONDITION
Emergency condition Control device Local controller
GSM/Internet interruption Telephone set μ..controller
PC malfunction PDA, SP, Mobile Phone
Telephone set
μ..controller
TABLE 3. FUNCTIONALITY OF MCRC
Internet SP, PDA, Web page PC
GSM Mobile phones and networks PC
Tel. lines Mobile and desktop telephone Microcontroller
Fig. 1. Overview of MCRC
As shown in Fig. 1, a PC server controls appliances through
internet and GSM network, and an independent
microcontroller provides control appliances through telephone
lines. A second microcontroller which is called load driver
controller (LDC) sends commands to loads and keeps the
common data. The LDC works as a reference memory and
shares the last data with other controllers. By this way, remote
user can access the last changes. Data sharing between
controllers is one of the main issues in design of MCRC.
Serial communication which is preferred in microcontroller
based applications is utilized in designed system.
Acknowledgment signal is the essential parts of any RC. In
MCRC, various acknowledgment signals in form of text, SMS
or voice are sent through related channel. For example, in
DTMF based control, main controller selects and sends the
previously recorded message in voice memory via telephone
lines.
A. RC Channels
1. Internet Based RC
Internet based RC is the first and preferred channel in
MCRC. This channel supports connection via a Web page,
PDA and SP. A Web server in local control unit receives the
request from remote client. For Web page based control a Web
page is constructed. The other mobile clients (PDA and SP)
must firstly connect to internet network. The Internet-based
approach requires a home server and Internet connection.
2. GSM Based RC
The GSM is the second preferred RC channel in MCRC.
The communication between the user and the controlled
location is established by the SMS (Short Message Service)
protocol. A GSM modem is connected to the home automation
server. The communication between the home automation
server and the GSM modem is carried out by the AT
(Attention) commands. Sending and receiving SMS messages
are all performed in the PDU (Protocol Description Unit)
mode.
TABLE 4. STEPS OF RC AND COMMUNICATION FOR EACH MODE
Internet based
Web Page Mobile Clients (PDA/ SP)
-Connect to main server.
-Login and password.
-Check or change of password
-View the last status of devices.
-Apply on/off commands.
-Record the last changes in
database.
- Return feedback message.
-Connect to the internet.
-User login by Web Services.
- Get device status.
-Change device status.
-Send data to main server.
-Record the last changes in
database.
-Return feedback message.
GSM networks based DTMF based
Connect to local GSM modem.
-Create a control message.
-Send SMS message.
-Server reads and interprets the
message
-Send command to driver.
-Record in database.
-Send feedback (SMS message)
-Ring dials, counts and controller
Connects to line.
-Password check/change options.
-Send DTMF commands.
–Controller interprets command
and sends to driver.
-Record the last changes.
-Communicate with voice chip and
Select the related message and
sent to user
3. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 4, NOVEMBER 20092186
3. DTFM Based RC
DTMF and Telephone lines are selected as an emergency
RC channel in MCRC. A DTMF decoder in local unit is the
essential part of this method. The four bit digital output of the
DTMF decoder can be used by a PC, microprocessor based
system and a discrete digital controller. All communication
data and commands are coded in DTMF standard signals. The
local controller detects command and sends to loads. Table 4
shows the of communication and control steps of each
channel.
III. LOCAL CONTROL UNIT OF MCRC
The local control unit of MCRC contains a PC and two
microcontrollers. The PC works as main server in
communication over the first two channels. The first
microcontroller works in DTMF based control circuit as main
controller, and the second one is used as LDC. The duties of
control unit are receiving commands from user, detecting and
interpreting this command, sending the result to devices and
informing the user by feedback signals. As shown in Fig. 2,
the control unit is composed of five main sections which are as
follows.
I. Main server (PC) and modem
II. DTMF base controller. (Main controller)
III. Line interface and DTMF decoder circuit.
IV. Voice record and playback circuit.
V. LDC and reference memory.
The main objectives of PC in MCRC are as follow.
• Receiving commands from Web or mobile client
• Updating the database.
• Sending feedback messages to user
• Communication with LDC for data change.
Main microcontroller (DTMF circuit) is responsible for
connecting the user to controlled device via DTMF channel.
The jobs of this controller in MCRC are as follow.
• Ring counting and line connection control
• Receiving and interpreting commands
• Sending the control commands to LDC.
• Control of voice memory in playback/record modes
and sending feedback messages to user.
• Recording the last changes in memory.
• Communicating with LDC for data exchange
The second microcontroller, LDC interfaces with loads and
acts as reference memory to save the load status knowledge
and user password. Each controller records the last changes in
its memory and then sends to LDC. By this way, each
controller can receive the last change from LDC. In normal
operating mode, user controls device through PC and LDC. In
emergency condition, DTMF based controller gives service to
user. In PC based remote control, the prerecorded feedback
text and SMS message is sent to user. A voice record/playback
chip is used for recording feedback messages in
microcontroller based control. Voice recorder is a single chip
which records and playbacks voice with onboard non-volatile
memory. This chip supports voice record up to 60 second. The
microcontroller compatible chip is capable of receiving voice
directly from microphone and sending the output directly to
the speaker or telephone lines. A hardware circuit is designed
and implemented according to Fig. 2. The circuits of main
controller, LDC and voice memory devices are shown in
figures 3 to 5. As shown in Fig. 2, line interface and line
isolation is one of the main sections in local controller. The
detail of this circuit is presented in [3]. Fig. 6 shows the
hardware of microcontroller based control units. The main
elements of this unit are as follows.
• Line isolation transformer and opto-isolater.
• DTMF decoder.
• Main controller.
• Second microcontroller as LDC.
• Voice recorder circuit.
• Keypad, Microphone and Speaker.
• Serial interface circuit.
Fig. 2. Microcontroller based local controller
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of main controller in DTFM circuit
Main
Microcontroller
Tel. Line
PC
LDC
Line
Isolator/
Ring
Detector
DTMF
Decod.Line
Isolator/
Interface
Voice
Playback/
Record
Chip
Control
Address
Speaker
Select
Connect
Feedback
Message
Mic.
Feedback
circuit
Load
I
II
III
IV
V
Internet
GSM
4. H. Erdem and A. Üner: A Multi-Channel Remote Controller For Home and Office Appliances 2187
Voice
chip
LDCController
Microphone
SCI Chip
Load
DTMF Dec.
PC
Main
controller
Start
Turn off devices
response
Send F0 via TX
Read RX
User is in line
recieve last changes
from PC
Input == E0
Send password,
load states to
PC
NO
response
Send 0F via TX
Read RX
Input == 0E
Send password,
load states to
M .controller
YES
NO
YES
User is in line
recieve last changes
from controller
NO
YES
YES
NO
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of voice memory circuit
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of LDC circuit
Fig. 6. Microcontroller based control circuit
A. Communication between Controllers
An essential part of MCRC is effective communication
between controllers. Serial communication is selected for
communication between local controllers. PC and main
controller communicates continuously with LDC are
connected in parallel via TX and RX lines. LDC works as
master controller and manages communication between
controllers. The flowchart of serial communication between
the controllers is shown in Fig. 7. Since the slave controllers
are connected in parallel, separate identification codes are
utilized for selection of each slave. Each slave sends two
different codes as response to the master request. The first
response code informs the master that controller is active and
ready for service. The second code indicates that a remote user
is connected to the system. Details of these codes are given in
Table 5. The LDC communicates sequentially with controllers
and updates the last user information and load status. As
shown in the flowchart, LDC first checks PC, and then checks
main controller. Based on received response code, LDC sends
the latest data to these controllers or receives new data from
slaves. Master continues this polling algorithm during normal
conditions. While polling, if the master does not receive the
first byte (F0: system ID) from PC, it assumes that there is a
malfunction in PC or a failure in communication channels
through PC and then tries with other channel. If PC sends E0,
LDC interprets code as if remote user was connected to
system. In this situation, latest data may be change and LDC
must receive these data. The exchanged data between
controllers includes two parts in byte. The first byte is
password and the second byte is load status information.
Fig. 7. Flowchart of serial communication in MCRC
PC
5. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 4, NOVEMBER 20092188
TABLE 5. ID CODES IN SERIAL COMMUNICATION
Mode PC Microcontroller
Controller is active F0 0F
Remote user is connected E0 0E
B. Software Architecture in PC
The main part of the MCRC software resides on PC and the
rest of the code runs on microcontrollers. All software
components work independently and share common data. The
software of MCRC in PC must be hardware independent and
flexible for modifications. According to these considerations,
N-Tier application architecture is used in development of PC
software [14]. As shown in Fig. 8, the layers of this
architecture are user interface, functional process logic
(business rules), and data storage and data access. This
architecture is developed and maintained as independent
modules.
C. .Net Platform in MCRC
In some prior studies in mobile networks based applications,
JAVA programming language is used. Although JAVA is
platform independent, it is not capable to build cross language
programming. In this application, .NET Framework and .NET
Compact Framework are selected for programming of
different modules of MCRC in PC. .NET platform is capable
of working with cross language in same application, and
different devices can be used in the same project for a
common purpose. .NET Compact framework is enhanced
.NET framework version which is preferred in developing of
mobile projects in RC [11].
D. System Modules
System modules which are expanded in software architect
are explained in this section. These modules are as follows.
• Mobile Client
One of the main modules in MCRC is mobile client module
(PDA / Mobile phone). A mobile program is running on
mobile client, and a Web server is used for mobile client
connection. Mobile clients connect to the system with their
username and password. Web service receives mobile client
request and check it in database user information table.
Following the authorization, Web server sends devices status
data to mobile client so that user can view/change devices
status.
Fig. 8. General architecture of software
• GSM Module
GSM short message service supports message
communication between devices, capable of sending and
receiving short messages. In MCRC, a GSM modem connects
remote user to main server. Short message protocol data unit
with 7 bit alphabet (160 characters) is defined at ETSI
organization document. Communication with cell phone can
be made by using AT (Attention) command through GSM
modem. In order to control devices with short message
service, the incoming messages are read with GSM modem
application program interface. Sending and receiving SMS
messages are all performed in the PDU (Protocol Description
Unit) mode.
• Database
In MCRC, a database has been utilized for storing password
and device status information in PC. User information and
device status are stored at this database tables. Remote clients
check or change user information and device status over these
database tables. The screen shots of mobile client, Web page
and main server are shown in figures 9-11. Each figure shows
load status and user identification options.
• Server Modules
In MCRC system a server machine collects information
from clients. For that reason, an XML Web service and Web
site is running in internet information services at server. Web
service sends the collected information and client requests to
database. A listener program is watching changes of the
system, and always communicates with the database and the
serial port. When a change was made on database, it sends
new values to LDC, and also listens to the communication port
for incoming changes from LDC.
Fig. 9. Mobile client (login and device status screen shot)
Fig. 10. Web site (login and device status change screen shot)
6. H. Erdem and A. Üner: A Multi-Channel Remote Controller For Home and Office Appliances 2189
Fig. 11. Home server screen shot
IV. CONCLUSIONS
A MCRC for home and office automation was designed and
implemented on prototype circuit. MCRC provides remote
user access in any condition when one of the communication
channels is available only. Using common platform, common
password, PC independent auxiliary controller and an
effective data sharing algorithm are the main advantages of
MCRC. From the point of cost, the preferred RC channel is
directly access via Web, and from the point of security, the
preferred channel is GSM based access. With the addition of
sensing elements like Web-cam, temperature and motion
sensors, the designed system will work as an effective RC and
monitoring system. It is possible to expand voice feedback
system in DTMF based control and record additional
messages for emergency condition like main source
interruption, alert of motion detection sensor and other
emergency condition alarms. Combining of MCRC with
internal automation system will provide new options for user.
It must be noted that the application of MCRC is not restricted
to home and office appliances; it can also be used for RC
control of many industrial devices.
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Hamit ERDEM (H.ardam) has received his MSc
(1997) and Ph.D. (2002) degrees in Technical
Education Faculty of Gazi University. Currently, he is
assistant professor in Baskent University. His
research interests include digital control of power
electronic systems, applications of microcontroller
based embedded systems and intelligent control.
Armagan ÜNER has received his B.S. degree in
Computer Engineering Department of Çankaya
University, Ankara, Turkey in 2004. He completed
M.S. study in Computer Engineering Department of
Başkent University, Turkey in 2007. He has several
work experience in .NET platform. He is Interested
with mobile, web and windows projects.