Abstract Mobile phone industry is classified among the fastest growing engineering branches. It has to be exploited for vast applications, reliability and affordability. Mobile cellular phone subscribers have reached saturation point; with such information, the basic cell phone that was mainly utilized to make calls will also be utilized for remote switching and control activities. The now developed system is based on the global system for mobile communications (GSM) radio network: it will operate as a very long distance remote switch. Utilizing the daily cell phone, a user will either put on/off any desired electric circuit located in an owned, controlled compound. Two cell phones are provided, one being a mobile transmitter user end and another being referred to as a fixed receiver end. A signal will be sent from the user end to put a consumer’s electric circuit either on or off at the receiver end; afterwards, the receiver end will notify the user-end about the on/off state of the consumer. The particularity of this publication is the system simplicity, yet cheap and safe, so that even very low income cell phone users can enjoy radio frequency (RF) technology’s increasing applications. The software utilized to develop and simulate circuits is the linear technology, LT spice. The calculative theory has quantitatively enriched the methodology. Both the building blocks and the physical implementation diagrams for the system are herein contained. The remote switching system based on GSM radio network has been successfully designed, implemented, tested and its functionality has been examined.
Keywords: Radio communication, LTspice, GSM, ON/OFF control
Energy scavenging using vibrations from bluetooth controlled DC motorTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Wide spectrum of research for application-based solutions has grown due to the requirement of automation of general electrical appliances. A low-cost solution is presented in this paper to control DC motor using Bluetooth module and controlled by an ARM processor. The main objective here is to build an efficient closed loop system which is wirelessly controlled by ARM processor 2103 using Bluetooth module and Bluetooth dongle. The system suggested here is expandable and can be integrated with latest technologies as well. The paper gives the details of the prototype for home automation system and gives the expected results with 0.1% tolerance. It also suggests the ways to integrate this system with the mobile phones and hence control the devices with the mobile handsets. The vibration frequency of the DC motor is used to generate electrical potential using MEMS tecnonlogy. A novel idea of self powered DC motor is thus presented by installing MEMS based energy harvester on the motor shaft.
Implementation of a Microcontroller Based Wireless Control of Domestic Electr...ijtsrd
In this paper, the automatic control of domestic electrical appliances using a wireless network is presented. The wireless network of choice is the Global system for mobile communication, GSM. This paper presents a methodology that the communication can be extended even to inanimate devices like domestic electrical appliances such as radio, refrigerator, TV, light bulbs etc. the methodology entails the use of the feature of the GSM phone known as dual tone multi frequency DTMF. This DTMF tones are automatically generated when the buttons of a mobile phone is pressed. A DTMF to binary converter integrated circuit was used to convert the DTMF tones into binary format which is fed into the I O ports of an 8052 microcontroller. A resident program enables the DTMF codes that are received to be used to control electrical appliances. The system also has a unique feature that after an action is performed it sends back an audio tone to inform the user about the success or failure of the execution of the command. S. O. N. Okonye | V. E Enukpere ""Implementation of a Microcontroller Based Wireless Control of Domestic Electrical Appliances using the GSM Network"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23973.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23973/implementation-of-a-microcontroller-based-wireless-control-of-domestic-electrical-appliances-using-the-gsm-network/s-o-n-okonye
Energy scavenging using vibrations from bluetooth controlled DC motorTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Wide spectrum of research for application-based solutions has grown due to the requirement of automation of general electrical appliances. A low-cost solution is presented in this paper to control DC motor using Bluetooth module and controlled by an ARM processor. The main objective here is to build an efficient closed loop system which is wirelessly controlled by ARM processor 2103 using Bluetooth module and Bluetooth dongle. The system suggested here is expandable and can be integrated with latest technologies as well. The paper gives the details of the prototype for home automation system and gives the expected results with 0.1% tolerance. It also suggests the ways to integrate this system with the mobile phones and hence control the devices with the mobile handsets. The vibration frequency of the DC motor is used to generate electrical potential using MEMS tecnonlogy. A novel idea of self powered DC motor is thus presented by installing MEMS based energy harvester on the motor shaft.
Implementation of a Microcontroller Based Wireless Control of Domestic Electr...ijtsrd
In this paper, the automatic control of domestic electrical appliances using a wireless network is presented. The wireless network of choice is the Global system for mobile communication, GSM. This paper presents a methodology that the communication can be extended even to inanimate devices like domestic electrical appliances such as radio, refrigerator, TV, light bulbs etc. the methodology entails the use of the feature of the GSM phone known as dual tone multi frequency DTMF. This DTMF tones are automatically generated when the buttons of a mobile phone is pressed. A DTMF to binary converter integrated circuit was used to convert the DTMF tones into binary format which is fed into the I O ports of an 8052 microcontroller. A resident program enables the DTMF codes that are received to be used to control electrical appliances. The system also has a unique feature that after an action is performed it sends back an audio tone to inform the user about the success or failure of the execution of the command. S. O. N. Okonye | V. E Enukpere ""Implementation of a Microcontroller Based Wireless Control of Domestic Electrical Appliances using the GSM Network"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23973.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23973/implementation-of-a-microcontroller-based-wireless-control-of-domestic-electrical-appliances-using-the-gsm-network/s-o-n-okonye
A project report on wireless energy meter reading using x beeRobo India
Robo India presents A project report on Wireless Energy Meter Reading using X-Bee.
By this project we can see the readings of energy meter from a remote location using X-Bee. This project contains two parts. One is transmitter that is attached with the energy meter and second in Receiver. The transmitter reads the reading of energy meter and transmits them, on the other hand the receiver receives those reading and displays them on the LCD.
The project is made using AVR atmel Atmega 16 microcontroller. The project report also contains full programming and codding in the last.
we welcome your views and queries, we are found at-
website: www.roboindia.com
mail- info@roboindia.com
Overview of handover decision strategies in heterogeneous networks by narendr...Narendra Prajapati
The availability of diverse wireless access technologies such as (Wi-Fi), (WiMAX), and (UMTS) allows users to stay “always on” in fast roaming too using IEEE802.21.
Vertical handovers had made possible for user to transfer itself to other technology service without disturbances in ongoing process.
Its is known that security problems in GSM authentication when it comes to high speed moving users, because of there frequent change of cell sites.
Handover could be horizontal or vertical and per user requirement. MIH (media independent handover) though provide vertical handover but on other hand 802.11had provided us fast and secure connection oriented handover from one access point to another with in same mobility domain.
Thus feature of security and authentication is integrated with handover for user security.
What are heterogeneous networks?
Evolutions of Generations
The Cellular GSM Transitions
Overview of 4G Communications
Concept of Handover /Handoff
Handovers distinguished according to criteria
The Vertical handover IEEE 802.21 & its phases.
VHO Management procedures
Requirements of Handover mechanism in heterogeneous networks
Performance evaluation (Technology )
Performance evaluation in Handover mechanisms
A project report on energy meter monitoring online using wireless transmissio...Robo India
ROBO INDIA presents A project report on Energy Meter monitoring online using wireless Transmission using GSM Modem.
The project reads data from energy meter and uploads it to the server. And we have developed an application that can be accessed through URL that display the data. Thus it is an online mode of data logging and data monitoring.
We welcome all of your views and queries. We are found at
website- http://roboindia.com
mail- info@roboindia.com
Scheduling for interference mitigation using enhanced intercell interference ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Deployment of low power base station (pico) in macro cell is a key for providing high data rates. Cell range expansion is one of the features of LTE-advanced where low power base station in a heterogeneous network can increase their coverage area and neighboring cells can offload users to low power base station to reduce overload in macro cell. This presents a very challenging multi-user communication problem. Co-channel deployed Het-Net will experience interference between pico and macro. The main challenge of pico cells embedded into a macro cell is to let more users profit from the additional bandwidth introduced into the network. Enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) has been introduced to solve interference problem. Scheduling for eICIC is used to provide best solution for interference mitigation, overload in macro cell, fairness in resource usage by users. In this paper we have analyzed Round Robin scheduling for eICIC, results prove that fairness is maintained between users and throughput has been improved. Key Words: LTE - Long term Evolution, UE - User Equipment, eNB – eNodeB.
Process monitoring, controlling and load management system in an induction motoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Real time approach of piezo actuated beam for wireless seismic measurement us...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Piezo-actuated beam is used for wireless seismic measurement and indication using Lab VIEW. Principle of piezoelectric materials
has been utilized here i.e. Piezoelectric materials deform when a voltage is applied to them and inversely will produce a voltage when
they are deformed. For this reason, they can be used as both sensors and actuators. Here, Lab VIEW 2013 version, NI ELVIS
(Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite) and Bluetooth device connected with PC has been utilized for acquiring and
indicating vibration. The developed design is expected to be used universally for measuring seismic waves and also in Industrial
applications for the measurement of micro vibration.
Keywords: Seismic measurement, Lab VIEW, wireless communication
A remote monitoring system for a three phase 10-kva switchable distribution t...eSAT Journals
Abstract A Remote Monitoring System plays an important role in many applications. This paper proposes an innovative design about the development of remote monitoring system for a three-phase 10-kVA Switchable Distribution transformer with the help of a PIC microcontroller and Zigbee-based Wireless device. The PIC microcontroller from microchip helps in controlling the switching devices and monitoring the current, voltage and temperature of the transformer. The Zigbee-based wireless device is used as long range wireless communication between the modules. The information is transmitted point by point using Zigbee transmitter and receiver and is sent to the server module to check the state of the transformer. It has a data rate speed of 250 Kbps with minimum power consumption and has a transmission distances range from 10 to 100m. The data transmission rate is higher than other wireless systems. This is user friendly and can be achieved at low cost. This handles the transfer of parameters such as voltage, current and temperature as digital data from current transducers, voltage transformers and from temperature sensors to the server module through wireless communication. This system helps in reading sensor, controlling switches, monitoring and data protection. Key Words: Switchable Transformer, PIC Microcontroller and Zigbee
A remote monitoring system for a three phase 10-kva switchable distribution t...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Green Lights Forever: Analyzing the Security of Traffic Infrastructureo1066391
The safety critical nature of traffic infrastructure requires
that it be secure against computer-based attacks, but this
is not always the case. We investigate a networked traffic
signal system currently deployed in the United States
and discover a number of security flaws that exist due
to systemic failures by the designers. We leverage these
flaws to create attacks which gain control of the system,
and we successfully demonstrate them on the deployment
in coordination with authorities. Our attacks show that
an adversary can control traffic infrastructure to cause
disruption, degrade safety, or gain an unfair advantage.
We make recommendations on how to improve existing
systems and discuss the lessons learned for embedded
systems security in general.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A project report on wireless energy meter reading using x beeRobo India
Robo India presents A project report on Wireless Energy Meter Reading using X-Bee.
By this project we can see the readings of energy meter from a remote location using X-Bee. This project contains two parts. One is transmitter that is attached with the energy meter and second in Receiver. The transmitter reads the reading of energy meter and transmits them, on the other hand the receiver receives those reading and displays them on the LCD.
The project is made using AVR atmel Atmega 16 microcontroller. The project report also contains full programming and codding in the last.
we welcome your views and queries, we are found at-
website: www.roboindia.com
mail- info@roboindia.com
Overview of handover decision strategies in heterogeneous networks by narendr...Narendra Prajapati
The availability of diverse wireless access technologies such as (Wi-Fi), (WiMAX), and (UMTS) allows users to stay “always on” in fast roaming too using IEEE802.21.
Vertical handovers had made possible for user to transfer itself to other technology service without disturbances in ongoing process.
Its is known that security problems in GSM authentication when it comes to high speed moving users, because of there frequent change of cell sites.
Handover could be horizontal or vertical and per user requirement. MIH (media independent handover) though provide vertical handover but on other hand 802.11had provided us fast and secure connection oriented handover from one access point to another with in same mobility domain.
Thus feature of security and authentication is integrated with handover for user security.
What are heterogeneous networks?
Evolutions of Generations
The Cellular GSM Transitions
Overview of 4G Communications
Concept of Handover /Handoff
Handovers distinguished according to criteria
The Vertical handover IEEE 802.21 & its phases.
VHO Management procedures
Requirements of Handover mechanism in heterogeneous networks
Performance evaluation (Technology )
Performance evaluation in Handover mechanisms
A project report on energy meter monitoring online using wireless transmissio...Robo India
ROBO INDIA presents A project report on Energy Meter monitoring online using wireless Transmission using GSM Modem.
The project reads data from energy meter and uploads it to the server. And we have developed an application that can be accessed through URL that display the data. Thus it is an online mode of data logging and data monitoring.
We welcome all of your views and queries. We are found at
website- http://roboindia.com
mail- info@roboindia.com
Scheduling for interference mitigation using enhanced intercell interference ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Deployment of low power base station (pico) in macro cell is a key for providing high data rates. Cell range expansion is one of the features of LTE-advanced where low power base station in a heterogeneous network can increase their coverage area and neighboring cells can offload users to low power base station to reduce overload in macro cell. This presents a very challenging multi-user communication problem. Co-channel deployed Het-Net will experience interference between pico and macro. The main challenge of pico cells embedded into a macro cell is to let more users profit from the additional bandwidth introduced into the network. Enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) has been introduced to solve interference problem. Scheduling for eICIC is used to provide best solution for interference mitigation, overload in macro cell, fairness in resource usage by users. In this paper we have analyzed Round Robin scheduling for eICIC, results prove that fairness is maintained between users and throughput has been improved. Key Words: LTE - Long term Evolution, UE - User Equipment, eNB – eNodeB.
Process monitoring, controlling and load management system in an induction motoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Real time approach of piezo actuated beam for wireless seismic measurement us...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Piezo-actuated beam is used for wireless seismic measurement and indication using Lab VIEW. Principle of piezoelectric materials
has been utilized here i.e. Piezoelectric materials deform when a voltage is applied to them and inversely will produce a voltage when
they are deformed. For this reason, they can be used as both sensors and actuators. Here, Lab VIEW 2013 version, NI ELVIS
(Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite) and Bluetooth device connected with PC has been utilized for acquiring and
indicating vibration. The developed design is expected to be used universally for measuring seismic waves and also in Industrial
applications for the measurement of micro vibration.
Keywords: Seismic measurement, Lab VIEW, wireless communication
A remote monitoring system for a three phase 10-kva switchable distribution t...eSAT Journals
Abstract A Remote Monitoring System plays an important role in many applications. This paper proposes an innovative design about the development of remote monitoring system for a three-phase 10-kVA Switchable Distribution transformer with the help of a PIC microcontroller and Zigbee-based Wireless device. The PIC microcontroller from microchip helps in controlling the switching devices and monitoring the current, voltage and temperature of the transformer. The Zigbee-based wireless device is used as long range wireless communication between the modules. The information is transmitted point by point using Zigbee transmitter and receiver and is sent to the server module to check the state of the transformer. It has a data rate speed of 250 Kbps with minimum power consumption and has a transmission distances range from 10 to 100m. The data transmission rate is higher than other wireless systems. This is user friendly and can be achieved at low cost. This handles the transfer of parameters such as voltage, current and temperature as digital data from current transducers, voltage transformers and from temperature sensors to the server module through wireless communication. This system helps in reading sensor, controlling switches, monitoring and data protection. Key Words: Switchable Transformer, PIC Microcontroller and Zigbee
A remote monitoring system for a three phase 10-kva switchable distribution t...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Green Lights Forever: Analyzing the Security of Traffic Infrastructureo1066391
The safety critical nature of traffic infrastructure requires
that it be secure against computer-based attacks, but this
is not always the case. We investigate a networked traffic
signal system currently deployed in the United States
and discover a number of security flaws that exist due
to systemic failures by the designers. We leverage these
flaws to create attacks which gain control of the system,
and we successfully demonstrate them on the deployment
in coordination with authorities. Our attacks show that
an adversary can control traffic infrastructure to cause
disruption, degrade safety, or gain an unfair advantage.
We make recommendations on how to improve existing
systems and discuss the lessons learned for embedded
systems security in general.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Field of telecommunications has evolved from crudest form of communications to electrical, radio and electro-optical communications. From manual exchange like local battery, central battery exchange, to crossbar switching, director system and to common control systems, telephone communications had started evolving to cater to better and better specifications and needs. Touch tone dial telephone opened a new horizon in the field of end to end signalling. Then came computerised stored program control systems, various multiplexing techniques. With increase in traffic there was a need to study traffic and blocking capabilities....
Gsm or x10 based scada system for industrial automationeSAT Journals
Abstract Power systems are important and expensive components in the electric power system. The knowledge of the actual status of the system insulation behavior, load tap changer performance, temperature, and load condition is necessary in order to evaluate the service performance concerning reliability, availability and safety. Systems abnormalities, loading, switching and ambient condition normally contribute towards accelerated aging and sudden failure. The paper presents the causes which lead to the internal faults appearance in the power system. The production mechanisms of the faults and the on-line monitoring are also analyzed. A monitoring procedure is proposed for the diagnosis and forecasting strategy of the functioning state of the power system.
Keywords: GSM standard reference manual, Universal IC programmer
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
GSM Based Device Controlling and Fault DetectionIJCERT
The mobile communication has expanded to a great extent such that it can be applied for controlling of electrical devices. These projects make use of this capability of mobile phone to control three electrical devices with some use of embedded technology which can be extended up to eight devices. Apart from controlling it also does the sensing of the devices. Thus a user can be able to know of the status of the devices and in addition to that the user get notified if any fault is detected. Here in the project controlling and sensing is done for three electrical devices only. According to the user need both of this can be expanded.
- This paper shows an approach for designing a
system which implement a microcontroller-based control module
that receives its instructions and commands from a cellular phone
over the GSM (Global system for mobile communication)
network. The microcontroller then will carry out the issued
commands and then communicate the status of a given appliance
or device back to the cellular phone.This device allows a user to
remotely control and monitor multiple home/office appliances
using a cellular phone. This system will be a powerful and flexible
tool that will offer this service at any time, and from anywhere
that has network coverage. Due to the fact that the combination
and sequential logic circuits have more components soldered
together, inflexible, more difficult to the user, and not
programmable, the 8951 micro controller was chosen because it
can be written to and read from and also has an internal memory
which makes it to be versatile in application and user
friendly. Apart from the micro controller, other electrical /
electronic components used include: resistors, filters, voltage
regulator, transformer, rectifiers, capacitors, DTMF (Dual Tone
Multi Frequency) Integrated circuit etc.
Microcontroller based smart home with security using gsm technologyeSAT Journals
Abstract Smart home is a house that uses information technology to monitor the environment, control the electric appliance and communicates with the outer world. Smart home is a complex technology, at the same time it is developing. A smart home automation system has been developed to automatically achieve some activities performed frequently in daily life to obtain more comfortable and easier life environment. Security has becoming an important issue everywhere. Home security is becoming necessary nowadays as the possibilities of intrusion are increasing day by day. Safety from theft, and fire are the most important requirements of home security system for people. A traditional home security system gives the signals in terms of alarm. With the help of technology development, this research take a chance to implement these technologies to help people to protect and control their home appliance remotely .The purpose of this research is to create a system that make the surveillance of home devices easily. The technology that used in this research are GSM (Global System for digital mobile telecommunication ) and Microcontroller .The GSM module is used to communicate with the owner of the home whenever the sensor senses a fault , a specific message is sent to the owner in order to take a necessary action . The microcontroller is a tool that use a specific code to do some functions by using MikroC programmer. This project controls and monitors temperature, smoke, intrusion motion, magnetic lock door, garage door and irrigation. This project is expected to achieve, safety, save effort, save time, and easy devices control Keywords: Smart home, GSM module, magnetic lock, microcontroller
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
Real time tracking based on gsm and ir module for running traineSAT Journals
Abstract
The manual process of filling and submission of the Outdoor Duty Forms is very common today. Also there are many alternatives available for automated process of remote attendance and data analysis. But there is no solution yet that provides the integrated solution for automation of all these process. We therefore came with the concept of an application that provides these services. This application is about automated process of Outdoor duty forms, remote attendance, submission of sales and marketing data and its analysis. The application will be designed for corporate usage. A database system will be maintained regarding the submission of data and this data will be used for further analysis and intelligent results.
Keywords: ODForms (Outdoor Duty Forms), BI (Business Intelligence), RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), RTO (Regional Transport Office), KPI (Key Point Indicators).
Application of Zigbee in Smart Home with Dynamic Routing AlgorithmNooria Sukmaningtyas
In order to avoid damaging the walls and bore a hole through the walls, also to save the cost of
rewiring, low voltage power line can be used to implement the smart home. However, several difficult
problem must be solved at the same time , the most important are finding a technology method to
suppress the noise interference and resist the weaker signal. The smart home system is introduced in the
paper. During the design of Smart Home System adopting power line signal carrier, a dynamic routine
algorithm based on the idea of Genetic Algorithm is proposed to cope with the time-varying and random
feature of power line channel. Thus the system can find the transmission path in real time and dispatch the
signal carrier to transmit among the nodes. With this algorithm, the communication between a certain
group-controller and its terminal nodes or between the main-controller and the group-controllers is realized
successfully. In the proposed algorithm all nodes but the controller adopt same driver, therefore the plug
and play is realized for all nodes.
Unconstrained health monitoring and effective position tracking using wireles...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The paper introduces a wireless sensor network platform specifically designed for the protection of workers employed in the building sector. The network configuration makes use of GSM communication which provides a more efficient and long range wireless transmission. The system has been developed to determine two different kinds of information, heart beat rate and latitude and longitude corresponding to the location of each worker. These data provide a periodic update of both health and position inside their working environment by sending SMS to higher officials. The sensor node is embedded on the worker garment by integrating within the fabric which forms a unique structure. This system provides a secure environment for the safety of constructional workers by the real-time monitoring of their working surface.
Keywords—GSM communication; Wireless Sensor Netowrks; Real-time monitoring; safety.
Smart meters are electronic measurement devices used by utilities to communicate information for billing customers and operating their electric systems. This paper presents the hardware design of a smart meter. Sensing and circuit protection circuits are included in the design of the smart meter in which resistors are naturally a fundamental part of the electronic design. Smart meters provides a route for energy savings, real-time pricing, automated data collection and eliminating human errors due to manual readings which would ultimately reduce labour costs, diagnosis and instantaneous fault detection. This allows for predictive maintenance resulting in a more efficient and reliable distribution network.
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...
An electric circuits' remote switching system based on gsm radio network
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 11 | Nov-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 132
AN ELECTRIC CIRCUITS' REMOTE SWITCHING SYSTEM BASED
ON GSM RADIO NETWORK
Gerard Rushingabigwi1
, Liguo Sun2
, Godfrey Lugoloobi3
, Frank Mwezi4
1
Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China
(USTC), P.R China 96 JinZhai Road Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R.China
2
Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China
(USTC), P.R China 96 JinZhai Road Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R.China
3
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Rwanda, College of Science and Technology
(UR-CST), Republic of Rwanda Avenue de l'Armée, PoBox 3900 Kigali, Rwanda
4
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Rwanda, College of Science and Technology
(UR-CST), Republic of Rwanda Avenue de l'Armée, PoBox 3900 Kigali, Rwanda
Abstract
Mobile phone industry is classified among the fastest growing engineering branches. It has to be exploited for vast applications,
reliability and affordability. Mobile cellular phone subscribers have reached saturation point; with such information, the basic
cell phone that was mainly utilized to make calls will also be utilized for remote switching and control activities. The now
developed system is based on the global system for mobile communications (GSM) radio network: it will operate as a very long
distance remote switch. Utilizing the daily cell phone, a user will either put on/off any desired electric circuit located in an owned,
controlled compound. Two cell phones are provided, one being a mobile transmitter user end and another being referred to as a
fixed receiver end. A signal will be sent from the user end to put a consumer’s electric circuit either on or off at the receiver end;
afterwards, the receiver end will notify the user-end about the on/off state of the consumer. The particularity of this publication is
the system simplicity, yet cheap and safe, so that even very low income cell phone users can enjoy radio frequency (RF)
technology’s increasing applications. The software utilized to develop and simulate circuits is the linear technology, LT spice. The
calculative theory has quantitatively enriched the methodology. Both the building blocks and the physical implementation
diagrams for the system are herein contained. The remote switching system based on GSM radio network has been successfully
designed, implemented, tested and its functionality has been examined.
Keywords: Radio communication, LTspice, GSM, ON/OFF control
------------------------------------------- -------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The authors' motivation is to design and construct a circuit
switching mechanism backed by the widely available GSM
network. The system will remotely switch any electric
circuit from a very far location using any cell phone,
provided that it is compatible with GSM network; the
system differs from the existing ones in both architecture
and operating modes.
The mechanism is implemented utilizing a mobile phone
operated switch with on/off status notifications to the end
user. It brings solutions to the short range wireless
technology, the under-exploited communication links and
the employments of unskilled house helpers. Section two
discusses a couple of works that were recently carried out in
similar domain: the cell phone based remote control and
switching systems. Section two presents the step by step
design of the sub-circuits of the system in question. Under
this section, computation theory is encountered; the section
is ended by results and discussions. Section three is for
conclusion while the last section, section four is reserved for
references.
1.1 Related Existing Applications
The applications of GSM cellular telephony are so
numerous that the authors invite the reader of this article to
quickly overview the past and future of GSM radio network,
a backbone to the present work. Important to know is that
most services in most developping countries are now based
on second generation (2G), dominated by GSM [1]. The cell
phone network can be utilized in wireless security system
and switching applications [2,3], telemedicine [4], remote
control [5,6], and so on and so forth.
The home owners in [5] will seem to travel with their home
in hands provided the home is Internet connected.
For the Android operating system based robot system in [6],
the remote control is done by an embedded processor
correlated with Android operating system and the robot, all
controlled on a smart phone by the remote user.
In [7], the java enabled Android smart phone under GSM
cellular communication network serves as a remote control
tool by interacting with a system made by 8051
microcontroller and GSM Modem, which will be sending
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short messages to user's mobile cell phone in case of
intrusion.
According to different sources [1,8,9] however, generations
of cellular phone systems are popularly known from first
generation (1G) to fourth generation (4G) in 2011.
Regarding the fifth generation (5G), a couple of publications
certify the possibilities in design and operation of the 5th
generation cellular networks [8,9]. According to [10], a 5G
heterogeneous wireless cellular architecture is proposed.
Surveying the past and future of cellular telephony [8,9],
looking at the state of the art of cellular industry’s
increasing applications, an additional system is now
developed as a cost effective solution to remotely control the
home electric consumers, in friendship with the owner. By a
touching on a simple second generation’s GSM cell phone
button from anywhere around the world, a person will put
on/off the electric circuit at his/her compound, provided that
GSM network is covered.
2. THE PROPOSED SYSTEM'S CIRCUIT
DESIGN, FUNCTIONALITY AND
IMPLEMENTATION
A circuit will accept a signal from a cell phone, and shall
process the signal to switch the circuit either on or off. The
system architecture’s block diagram is presented in Fig. 1.
Though the advanced cell phone can be utilized, the
required cell phone doesn’t need to be of any specific brand,
it must be any cell phone compatible with GSM radio
network, a model is shown in Fig. 2.
The work being achieved through a step by step flow in Fig.
3, the realization is done in putting together the designed
circuits in Fig. 4 up to Fig. 10 while Fig. 11 depicts the
physically realized system’s prototype.
The transmitter mobile phone will dial the receiver fixed
phone's subscriber identity module (SIM) card number.
Backlight display is utilized as a signal for this system,
knowing that the ringing styles are normally defined as ring
tone, vibration, backlight display and others by the user.
Thus, the backlight signal is entered to the ring detector
circuit, which plays a vital role for the system's core. The
ring detector circuit produces an output signal which
controls the clock circuit.
The clock is an essential timing instrument setting up a
timing sequence within the circuit to control the on/off times
of the circuit [13,14].
The control is done through sequential generation of clock
pulses each time the receiver phone rings. Analogous to a
switch, the clock acts a master set or reset. The clock circuit
output is then input to the decision circuit. The decision
circuit will, at a particular sequence of the clock pulse,
switch the power to control the load and notification
circuits. The decision circuit chooses which circuit to be
powered at any given sequence of the clock pulse. The
output from the decision circuit is fed into the power control
circuit; which performs the actual switching between the
load on and off notification circuits.
The compound's security is ensured by configuring the
receiver phone number in way that only calls from intended
users are accepted.
2.1 The System's Circuit Design and Functionality
The ordinary GSM phone will be permanently attached with
a switching circuit, which will be referred to as the receiver
unit. This phone will remain functional all the times. For
security of the entire system, the receiver unity’s SIM card
number must be configured to receive only a few other
numbers. When the receiver cell phone is called through
these assigned numbers, the receiver phone's ring tone
becomes active to control the circuit.
The system is an economy oriented switching concept and
ensures the switching safety and maintenance since there
will be no sparks generated. Operated appliances will be
switched either on/off at the appropriate time and from a
very long distance; thus improving on the manually operated
switches. For instance, a Universities may use this project
prototype to reduce the cost of administering its electronic
equipments, which economizes manpower who used to
literary operate and control the switching of lights,
projectors and other electrical/electronic appliances.
In short, the transmitting cell phone will communicate with
another cell phone, referred to as receiver-end. The
transmitter and receiver intermediated with the analogue
electronic circuit, will serve to remotely switch for any
electric circuit.
Fig- 2: The system architecture
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Fig- 2: Utilized cell phones’ model
Fig- 3: Step by step flow of the design activities
The research and practices were conducted in the
University’s electrical and electronics laboratory as well as
workshops. The circuits have been constructed and the
system functionality was properly tested.
The ±12V and 5V power supplies are required for proper
operation of the circuitry. Due to the use of integrated
regulators, the transformer must supply at least 2V greater
than the required regulated output. Therefore, a 15V-0-15V,
1Ampere center tapped transformer, was chosen [15]. The
design details are given in Fig. 4 where twelve volts, three
terminal pin regulators are used because of their internal
short-circuit current limiting, thermal overload protection
and output safe-area compensation.
In Fig. 5, the 5V power supply circuitry was designed to
ensure proper operation of the clock signal generator
(74LS109). According to [16], the maximum supply voltage
to the 74LS109 should be 5.5V.
The desired output voltage (Vout) of 5 volts, as per
calculations [17] by equation (1),
Vout = Vref (
R2
R1+R2
) (1)
given the reference voltage, Vref = 1.25, R1 = 120Ω; with the
desired output voltage of 5 volts, the resistor R2 is computed
to be 120Ω. Thus, with a variable resistor of 5KΩ in Fig. 5,
the 5-volts output will be obtained.
Fig-4: Design of a twelve-volt power supply circuitry.
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Fig-5: Design of a five-volts power supply circuitry
The ring detector circuit is used to detector the ringing of the
receiver phone, indicating that the user wishes to:
a) switch on/off a particular load;
b) get a state of the load connected.
The ring detector circuit, at the center of the system in
question, is thus designed in Fig.6.
Particularly to the present system, the ring detector circuit
utilizes the use of light emitting diode (LED) back light
displays as an input signal to signal an incoming call.
The decision circuit in Fig. 8, performs a pivotal role of
switching between the on and off control circuits
sequentially with respect to the ring signal. In other words
the decision circuit performs the task of switching the load
to an on or off status depending on what the previous status
of the load was. The utilized clock circuit is arranged from a
555 timer monostable circuit [14,18] which is triggered by
the control signal from the ring detector circuit. The
designed clock circuitry is shown in Fig. 6.
Fig-6: Design of the ring detector circuitry
Fig-7: Design of the clock circuitry
Fig-8: Design of the decision circuitry
The decision circuit is based on 74LS109A dual J and not K,
positive edge triggered flip with preset and clear [16].
As the design work goes to the power control circuit shown
in Fig. 9, the Q output from the decision circuit is applied to
control the load-on and load-off power circuit relay. When
the Q output is low the load off control and notification
circuit is powered up and inversely when the Q output is
high the load on and notification circuit is powered up.
In the power control circuit, a transistor switch is operating a
double pole double throw 12V relay. The relay acts to feed
power to both the load-on and load-off control circuits. The
utilized transistor is 2SC1815 type audio frequency general
purpose amplifier [19]. The circuits are sequentially active,
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that’s to say when the load-on circuitry is powered up then
the load-off control circuit must be powered off; the
converse being true. This is a role carried out by the power
control circuit in Fig. 9.
In Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 respectively, both the load-on control
and its notification circuit are designed. Put together, the
circuit operates to switch the load relay on after 4s and to
keep it on till the next ring signal. At the center of the timing
is a 741-Op-Amp [20, 21, 22] and a time delay network.
When the load control circuit is activated, at the instant the
load is switched on, the notification circuit is immediately
activated. The circuit functions to momentarily connect the
busy signal button; in that moment, the pending call would
be canceled and the user receives a busy signal alert that the
call has been ended by the receiver.
Fig-9: Design of the power control circuitry.
Fig-10: Design of the load on-control circuit
Fig-11: Design of the load-on notification circuitry
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2.2 Computational Theory
From the SCR datasheet [22,23], the peak anode current
should not exceed 7.5A.
Considering the anode,
12V= IA RL (2)
With RL = 2.2k , the calculations give that IA = 0.0054mA
which means that 2.2KΩ resistor is suitable as a load
resistance for the anode is capable of holding such a small
current.
From the datasheet it’s defined for a 12v supply the
maximum gate trigger current should not exceed 15mA.
With Rg =1K and applying equation (2), calculations give
that Ig = 12mA.
Therefore the current is sufficient to keep the SCR on.
In Fig. 12, the design idea of the load-off notification circuit
is based on a delay instant. When the receiver mobile starts
ringing, after a delay of 6.8 seconds the user receives a busy
signal notification indicating that the load is switched off,
thus the call is terminated. Once transistor Q2 is on, the
normally open contacts are engaged and the busy signal
button of the receiver is activated. A busy signal alert is then
sent to the receiver acknowledging that the load has been
switched off.
Fig-12: Load-off control circuit together with notification circuit
Fig-13: The picture of a tested prototype
2.3 Results and Discussions
The work has been implemented in practical circuit build ups.
The system functionality has been tested and met the desired
requirements. Interferences however have been experienced,
notably when the user phone and the receiver phone are closer.
The signal from the optical coupler is used to switch on the
clock timer which in return, controls both the switching on and
off states of the load.
Nonetheless, a good product cannot be marketed without being
in a good package. The system implementation's picture is
presented in Fig. 13, of which the packaging can be done in a
competitive manufacturing telecommunication industry,
utilizing molded boxes.
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3. CONCLUSION
Mobile phones are indispensable tools in people's daily life.
Thus, the conceived cell phone based remote control system,
all in the friendship with environment, can hit the target of
improving the living style. Based on a low cost GSM mobile
phone, users are assured that their electric consumers will no
longer remain on when the forgotten to switch them off; they
shall neither remain off while the owner is away and yet it is
time to be switched on. The notification about the on/off status
will ensure the energy saving and control for the user. The
work brings significant advantages in terms of service capacity
and quality. The system shall find switching applications in
homes, office, classrooms, etc. In the end, numerous lighting
systems, which were mostly manually operated, will be
smartly and safely operated. Users will enjoy the system’s
results: energy efficiency improvement, maintenance cost
optimization as well as electrical installation safety from
sparks and damages.
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BIOGRAPHIES
Mr Gerard Rushingabigwi is currently a PhD
research student in Electromagnetic fields
and Microwave technology. He is Assistant
Lecture since January 2011 to date. The
research focus is in RF Engineering.
Dr. Liguo Sun is a Professor in the area of
Applied Electromagnetism. His work
experiences include radio wave propagation,
remote sensing applications as well as
supervising post graduate research projects.
Mr Godfrey Lugoloobi is working with
Edify, a non-profit educational organization
based in California. The past experiences
include youth mentoring/training as well as
RF Engineering team-working for the
network optimization in Rwanda.
Mr Frank Mwezi is currently employed by
Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority. He was
trained and is experienced for Doppler Very
High Frequency Omni Directional Radio
Range (DVOR), radio Maintenance as well as
Navigational aids Equipments