Microcontroller system is one of the vital subjects offered by students during the sequence of study in universities and other colleges of science, engineering and technology in the world. In this paper, we solve the problem of student comprehension and skill development in embedded system design using microcontroller chip PIC16F887 by demonstration of hands-on laboratory experiments. Also, developments of software code, circuit diagram simulation were carried out. This is to help students connect their theoretical knowledge with the practical experience. Each of the experiments was carried out using BK300 development board, PICKit3 programmer, Proteus 8.0 software. Our years of experience in the teaching of microcontroller course and the active involvement of students as manifested in complete in-depth hands-on laboratory projects on real life problem solving. Laboratory session with the development board and software demonstrated in this article is unambiguous. Future embedded system laboratory session could be designed around ATMel lines of Microcontrollers.
Driving cycle is commonly known as the relationship and a series of speed-time profile. The study on this discipline aids vehicle manufacturers in vehicle construction, environmentalists in studying environment quality in proportion with vehicle emissions and traffic engineers to further investigate the behaviour of drivers and the road conditions which assist automotive industry in a better and energy efficient vehicle productions. In order to develop a proper driving cycle for selected routes, information and data based on real-time driving behaviour is important. This research focusses on the modelling of each component and latter designing a conceptual model in Simulink which takes up the data of speed of vehicles in SI unit which is m/s and draws out distance travelled and acceleration of the vehicle together with driving cycle of the route for given timestamp. This relation will be verified with existing Kuala Terengganu BasKITe driving cycle, highway fuel economy test (HWFET), new europian driving cycle (NEDC) and worldwide harmonised light vehicle test procedure (WLTP) driving cycles for the use of future projects and improvements of technology in studies and analysis of powertrain and electric vehicle performances.
BUILDING INFORMATICS: REVIEW OF SELECTED INFORMATICS PLATFORM AND VALIDATING ...IAEME Publication
Automation has introduced new dimension to the advent of project and
construction execution in construction field. Virtually all aspect of construction is
being innovated with cutting edge technology. In this study cutting edge technologies
were evaluated and their various validation platforms were evaluated. The following
objectives were set and achieved in this study: Establishing different tests that could
be carried out to ascertain functionality of an informatics platform, review of features
present in available informatics platforms, exploratory study of platform validity
system through functionality tests and developing a semantic icon functionality test.
Ten (10) informatics platforms were selected for case study, while 40 structured
questionnaires was used to collate respondents data as related to on the critical
factors that influences the effective use of system usability test on ICT Informatics
platform and parameters for newly generated Icon functionality rating scale(IRS). A
new test protocol was designed that could be used for carrying out Icon functionality
rating evaluation tagged”IRS”.
Techniques for the evaluation of complex polynomials with one and two variables are
introduced.Polynomials arise in may areas such as control systems, image and signal processing, coding
theory,electrical networks, etc., and their evaluations are time consuming. This paper introduces new
evaluationalgorithms that are straightforward with fewer arithmetic operations and a fast matrix
exponentiation technique.
Microcontroller system is one of the vital subjects offered by students during the sequence of study in universities and other colleges of science, engineering and technology in the world. In this paper, we solve the problem of student comprehension and skill development in embedded system design using microcontroller chip PIC16F887 by demonstration of hands-on laboratory experiments. Also, developments of software code, circuit diagram simulation were carried out. This is to help students connect their theoretical knowledge with the practical experience. Each of the experiments was carried out using BK300 development board, PICKit3 programmer, Proteus 8.0 software. Our years of experience in the teaching of microcontroller course and the active involvement of students as manifested in complete in-depth hands-on laboratory projects on real life problem solving. Laboratory session with the development board and software demonstrated in this article is unambiguous. Future embedded system laboratory session could be designed around ATMel lines of Microcontrollers.
Driving cycle is commonly known as the relationship and a series of speed-time profile. The study on this discipline aids vehicle manufacturers in vehicle construction, environmentalists in studying environment quality in proportion with vehicle emissions and traffic engineers to further investigate the behaviour of drivers and the road conditions which assist automotive industry in a better and energy efficient vehicle productions. In order to develop a proper driving cycle for selected routes, information and data based on real-time driving behaviour is important. This research focusses on the modelling of each component and latter designing a conceptual model in Simulink which takes up the data of speed of vehicles in SI unit which is m/s and draws out distance travelled and acceleration of the vehicle together with driving cycle of the route for given timestamp. This relation will be verified with existing Kuala Terengganu BasKITe driving cycle, highway fuel economy test (HWFET), new europian driving cycle (NEDC) and worldwide harmonised light vehicle test procedure (WLTP) driving cycles for the use of future projects and improvements of technology in studies and analysis of powertrain and electric vehicle performances.
BUILDING INFORMATICS: REVIEW OF SELECTED INFORMATICS PLATFORM AND VALIDATING ...IAEME Publication
Automation has introduced new dimension to the advent of project and
construction execution in construction field. Virtually all aspect of construction is
being innovated with cutting edge technology. In this study cutting edge technologies
were evaluated and their various validation platforms were evaluated. The following
objectives were set and achieved in this study: Establishing different tests that could
be carried out to ascertain functionality of an informatics platform, review of features
present in available informatics platforms, exploratory study of platform validity
system through functionality tests and developing a semantic icon functionality test.
Ten (10) informatics platforms were selected for case study, while 40 structured
questionnaires was used to collate respondents data as related to on the critical
factors that influences the effective use of system usability test on ICT Informatics
platform and parameters for newly generated Icon functionality rating scale(IRS). A
new test protocol was designed that could be used for carrying out Icon functionality
rating evaluation tagged”IRS”.
Techniques for the evaluation of complex polynomials with one and two variables are
introduced.Polynomials arise in may areas such as control systems, image and signal processing, coding
theory,electrical networks, etc., and their evaluations are time consuming. This paper introduces new
evaluationalgorithms that are straightforward with fewer arithmetic operations and a fast matrix
exponentiation technique.
Abstract- As we know any system when comes to existence
has some limitations and faults. We are proposing to develop a
E-training system which will train the user about the faults of a
car engine and guide him/her about the necessary steps
required to overcome the corresponding fault. Parameters like
poor lubrication, Dirty oil, Spark knock, poor compression,
coolant loss, clogged radiator and worn spark plug are known
as engine faults. The simulator is developed using LabVIEW
which will consist of different panels viz. the Main panel,
About faults panel, Normal conditions panel, Guide panels,
Fault simulator panel and Trainer kit panel. A trainer kit for
fault diagnosis in implemented using switches and indicators
which will guide the user about the necessary steps required to
be performed to overcome the corresponding fault.
Keywords: E-training, Fault Simulator, LabVIEW, Indicators.
Parent communication register android applicationBhadra Gowdra
In this new era of Science and Technology, computer is one of the most important components in our life. Works can be done in a better way by the help of computer.
The Main aim of our project is to automate the attendance in the form of Android Mobile Application. Our intention is to establish a good communication between Student Mentor and parent.We have seen over the years that the process of manual attendance is being carried out across almost all educational institutions. The process is not only time consuming but also sometimes yield inefficient results in the false marking and calculation of attendance. We need not maintain pen and paper based attendance registers. Following this thought, we have proposed a Parent communication register android application APP by which we notify parents via SMS OR a call Notification system which is implemented on Android mobile application.This Android application will give the students attendance information and SMS notification feature whereby every parent will be periodically notified regarding his/her child attendance. Our system primarily focuses on building an efficient and user friendly Android mobile application. The application will be installed on the Mentor phone which runs android OS. It intends to provide an interface to the professor who will require a user id and password to carry out the task. Apart from that, the application would support strong user authentication and quick transmission of data.
ISI Master of Technology in Computer Science (M. Tech CS) InformationSOURAV DAS
Scope, Placements, Eligibility criteria, Admission information, Selection Procedure, Number of Seats and stipend associated with the Indian Statistical Institute Master of Technology in Computer Science [ ISI M Tech CS ] course. A 2-year postgraduate degree in Computer Science. ISI Kolkata campus. Indian Statistical Institute Courses. Fee Structure.
PROJECT-BASED MICROCONTROLLER SYSTEM LABORATORY USING BK300 DEVELOPMENT BOARD...ijesajournal
Microcontroller system is one of the vital subjects offered by students during the sequence of study in
universities and other colleges of science, engineering and technology in the world. In this paper, we solve
the problem of student comprehension and skill development in embedded system design using
microcontroller chip PIC16F887 by demonstration of hands-on laboratory experiments. Also,
developments of software code, circuit diagram simulation were carried out. This is to help students
connect their theoretical knowledge with the practical experience. Each of the experiments was carried out
using BK300 development board, PICKit3 programmer, Proteus 8.0 software. Our years of experience in
the teaching of microcontroller course and the active involvement of students as manifested in complete indepth hands-on laboratory projects on real life problem solving. Laboratory session with the development
board and software demonstrated in this article is unambiguous. Future embedded system laboratory
session could be designed around ATMel lines of Microcontrollers.
Homogenous and interoperable signaling computer interlocking through IEC 6149...IJECEIAES
The technological evolution of signaling systems has created a dependency from infrastructure managers to suppliers and industrials dominating the market. Indeed, for each deployed computer interlocking, the modification of field equipment is required to allow an adaptation with the new interlocking in terms of communication protocols and logical interface. In addition, to ensure safe traffic of trains, the communication of railway signaling data is necessary between interlockings. However, delayed deployments from one station to another make the establishment of communication channels costly and difficult, or even impossible, since each supplier keeps confidential its communication protocols and usually opts for interfacing based on wired logic. This paper presents our approach to a homogeneous architecture of interlocking meeting modularity requirements, interoperability, and logical interfacing between interlockings. This approach relies on a classification of internal functions of the computer interlocking, a distribution of the execution of those functions and making useful information available for interfaces between adjacent interlockings through the IEC 61499 standard coupled with service-oriented architecture (SOA).
A prototype based on SCADA system was developed as a result of the final project of the discipline entitled Applied Microcontrollers to Control and Automation Engineering. This course has project based learning (PBL) methodology. he prototype has a drive unit and a computer program. This evice was developed using a PIC18F4550 microcontroller and various electronic components: resistors, capacitors, LEDs, among others. The computer program was developed using programming language C Sharp (C #) in Visual Studio development environment. The interface between the program and the device is performed via USB communication. This prototype is now used in the discipline mentioned in order to teach practical lessons about embedded systems projects, USB communication, data acquisition and supervisory systems. As all stages of the project were presented to the students in a very detailed way and its development was performed on a real application, the students showed a lot of interest about this tool during the last school year.
Training report on Embedded Systems and MATLABAswin Sreeraj
An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today.
MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a multi-paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language.
Fuel Station Monitoring and Automation based on WSN IJECEIAES
The Iraqi fuel station still now uses old technologies to control its activities from filling tanks to the filling cars. Automate the activity of fuel station is the objective of this work. The aims of fuel station automation are to save the fuel quantities and qualities supplied in fuel station, and to keep the fuel station, the worker and its main parts safe. This work uses the national instrument wireless sensor network (NI WSN). The NI WSN used to automate the protection system and level controlling system which makes the fuel station work under normal ambient temperature, and normal protection conditions. Automation based on a wireless sensor network gives excellent capabilities to automate and monitor fuel station. Through the user interface window the user monitor the status of actuators, protection system controller messages, fuel levels, water level, environment temperature, power source and its quality. The soft controller developed was built within The LABVIEW environment. The results of controller give the desired action through "on" and “off” states of the actuators
Abstract- As we know any system when comes to existence
has some limitations and faults. We are proposing to develop a
E-training system which will train the user about the faults of a
car engine and guide him/her about the necessary steps
required to overcome the corresponding fault. Parameters like
poor lubrication, Dirty oil, Spark knock, poor compression,
coolant loss, clogged radiator and worn spark plug are known
as engine faults. The simulator is developed using LabVIEW
which will consist of different panels viz. the Main panel,
About faults panel, Normal conditions panel, Guide panels,
Fault simulator panel and Trainer kit panel. A trainer kit for
fault diagnosis in implemented using switches and indicators
which will guide the user about the necessary steps required to
be performed to overcome the corresponding fault.
Keywords: E-training, Fault Simulator, LabVIEW, Indicators.
Parent communication register android applicationBhadra Gowdra
In this new era of Science and Technology, computer is one of the most important components in our life. Works can be done in a better way by the help of computer.
The Main aim of our project is to automate the attendance in the form of Android Mobile Application. Our intention is to establish a good communication between Student Mentor and parent.We have seen over the years that the process of manual attendance is being carried out across almost all educational institutions. The process is not only time consuming but also sometimes yield inefficient results in the false marking and calculation of attendance. We need not maintain pen and paper based attendance registers. Following this thought, we have proposed a Parent communication register android application APP by which we notify parents via SMS OR a call Notification system which is implemented on Android mobile application.This Android application will give the students attendance information and SMS notification feature whereby every parent will be periodically notified regarding his/her child attendance. Our system primarily focuses on building an efficient and user friendly Android mobile application. The application will be installed on the Mentor phone which runs android OS. It intends to provide an interface to the professor who will require a user id and password to carry out the task. Apart from that, the application would support strong user authentication and quick transmission of data.
ISI Master of Technology in Computer Science (M. Tech CS) InformationSOURAV DAS
Scope, Placements, Eligibility criteria, Admission information, Selection Procedure, Number of Seats and stipend associated with the Indian Statistical Institute Master of Technology in Computer Science [ ISI M Tech CS ] course. A 2-year postgraduate degree in Computer Science. ISI Kolkata campus. Indian Statistical Institute Courses. Fee Structure.
PROJECT-BASED MICROCONTROLLER SYSTEM LABORATORY USING BK300 DEVELOPMENT BOARD...ijesajournal
Microcontroller system is one of the vital subjects offered by students during the sequence of study in
universities and other colleges of science, engineering and technology in the world. In this paper, we solve
the problem of student comprehension and skill development in embedded system design using
microcontroller chip PIC16F887 by demonstration of hands-on laboratory experiments. Also,
developments of software code, circuit diagram simulation were carried out. This is to help students
connect their theoretical knowledge with the practical experience. Each of the experiments was carried out
using BK300 development board, PICKit3 programmer, Proteus 8.0 software. Our years of experience in
the teaching of microcontroller course and the active involvement of students as manifested in complete indepth hands-on laboratory projects on real life problem solving. Laboratory session with the development
board and software demonstrated in this article is unambiguous. Future embedded system laboratory
session could be designed around ATMel lines of Microcontrollers.
Homogenous and interoperable signaling computer interlocking through IEC 6149...IJECEIAES
The technological evolution of signaling systems has created a dependency from infrastructure managers to suppliers and industrials dominating the market. Indeed, for each deployed computer interlocking, the modification of field equipment is required to allow an adaptation with the new interlocking in terms of communication protocols and logical interface. In addition, to ensure safe traffic of trains, the communication of railway signaling data is necessary between interlockings. However, delayed deployments from one station to another make the establishment of communication channels costly and difficult, or even impossible, since each supplier keeps confidential its communication protocols and usually opts for interfacing based on wired logic. This paper presents our approach to a homogeneous architecture of interlocking meeting modularity requirements, interoperability, and logical interfacing between interlockings. This approach relies on a classification of internal functions of the computer interlocking, a distribution of the execution of those functions and making useful information available for interfaces between adjacent interlockings through the IEC 61499 standard coupled with service-oriented architecture (SOA).
A prototype based on SCADA system was developed as a result of the final project of the discipline entitled Applied Microcontrollers to Control and Automation Engineering. This course has project based learning (PBL) methodology. he prototype has a drive unit and a computer program. This evice was developed using a PIC18F4550 microcontroller and various electronic components: resistors, capacitors, LEDs, among others. The computer program was developed using programming language C Sharp (C #) in Visual Studio development environment. The interface between the program and the device is performed via USB communication. This prototype is now used in the discipline mentioned in order to teach practical lessons about embedded systems projects, USB communication, data acquisition and supervisory systems. As all stages of the project were presented to the students in a very detailed way and its development was performed on a real application, the students showed a lot of interest about this tool during the last school year.
Training report on Embedded Systems and MATLABAswin Sreeraj
An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today.
MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a multi-paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language.
Fuel Station Monitoring and Automation based on WSN IJECEIAES
The Iraqi fuel station still now uses old technologies to control its activities from filling tanks to the filling cars. Automate the activity of fuel station is the objective of this work. The aims of fuel station automation are to save the fuel quantities and qualities supplied in fuel station, and to keep the fuel station, the worker and its main parts safe. This work uses the national instrument wireless sensor network (NI WSN). The NI WSN used to automate the protection system and level controlling system which makes the fuel station work under normal ambient temperature, and normal protection conditions. Automation based on a wireless sensor network gives excellent capabilities to automate and monitor fuel station. Through the user interface window the user monitor the status of actuators, protection system controller messages, fuel levels, water level, environment temperature, power source and its quality. The soft controller developed was built within The LABVIEW environment. The results of controller give the desired action through "on" and “off” states of the actuators
Automatized testing hil system for agile product-design environmentTritem
The stricter safety requirements in the rail industry – implied by the EN 50128 standard – contribute to an increasing demand for testing rail vehicles and their subsystems, especially vehicle main controllers. Hardware-in-the-Loop method, which is commonly used in automotive and aerospace domains, has proved to be functionally useful. However, such systems would usually exceed the budget of a development project in the railway industry, due to short series manufacturing and multiple vehicle variants. To deal with this problem Tritem Microsystems has designed Virtual-HIL which decreases the overall cost and increases portability of this kind of a system. In this paper, we present both the classic approach and our groundbreaking system, along with a use case from one of our recent projects together with an automated testing framework built on the top of ourVirtual HIL.
A Novel Prototype Model for Monitoring the Factories Remnants on Nile RiverIJERA Editor
The environment faces too many issues including the water pollution problem in the Nile River. This problem could be solved by having a system provides the factory with the control and monitoring to be able to monitor and treat their water remnants according to the standards required by ministry of environment. This project will establish and design a new control system that could be used by factories for monitoring and controlling their remnants. The project based on using an interfacing device for facility management technology (eWON), and also Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA), that support General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) for remote data connection.
LabVIEW - Teaching Aid for Process ControlIDES Editor
Process Instrumentation deals with measurement
and control process parameters to achieve the required quality.
While teaching process related subjects, it is observed that
students are not able to understand process equipment and
controls associated with it theoretically. So to make the subjects
understandable and interesting, simulation of processes are
carried out with displays as used with distributed control
system (DCS). Simulations are used across virtually in
engineering to improve the development process and design
quality, identify design errors earlier, cut down on physical
prototypes, and reduce time to market. Here dryer, boiler
control simulations are carried out to study dynamic behavior.
Application software LabVIEW is used with control design
and data logging with supervisory (DSC) module.
Techniques for the evaluation of complex polynomials with one and two variables are introduced.Polynomials arise in may areas such as control systems, image and signal processing, coding
theory,electrical networks, etc., and their evaluations are time consuming. This paper introduces new evaluation algorithms that are straightforward with fewer arithmetic operations and a fast matrix exponentiation technique.
Online instrument systems in reality for remote wiring and measurement of ele...IJECEIAES
Recently The prestigious universities of the world strive and aim to computerize their distance education service and more specifically the remote practical work, which allows students to manipulate electronic experiments via the web, for to solve a set of problems: pedagogical, management, security, restriction by time and place and the problems the overcrowding of students in universities. This paper will describe the E@SLab system developed by the university Cadi Ayyad member of the e-live project funded by EU in the frame of ERASMUS+E@SLab is based on the latest technologies of development and respects educational and pedagogical standards. E@SLab offers 2 versions different of remote laboratory: first version (s1) is an embedded system its part software is node js+Ubuntu and the part hardware a card pcduino or raspebery. The second version (s2) is based on LABview and its hardware part is the NI ELVIS II pedagogical map. In this paper, we will compare and discuss the architecture, performance of the 2 versions of E@SLAB and review other famous approaches NetLab, VISIR, for comparing with E@SLab with the intention show its singularity.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
2. This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination.
2 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION
powered by current industrial applications has yet to be de-
scribed. The rest of this paper is organized as follows.Section II
gives a brief description of the educational integration of the
designs into the curriculum. Section III explains the software
selected, the hardware designed to go with this software, and
the components of the new SCADA experiments. Section IV
gives the results achieved of both quantitative and qualitative
evaluations. Finally, these results are discussed.
II. EDUCATIONAL INTEGRATION
The SCADA course “SCADA Systems” plays a funda-
mental role in the two-year curriculum of the Control and
Automation Program at Ege Technical and Business College
(ETBC), Ege University, İzmir, Turkey. The courses leading
up to SCADA Systems, which is given in the fourth and last
semester of the curriculum, include Basic Electronics, Digital
Electronics, Electronic Measurement Techniques and Safety,
Computer Aided Circuit Design, Sensor and Transducers, Mi-
crocontrollers, Process Measurement I & II, Process Control,
Programmable Logic Controllers, and Microcontroller-Based
Control; each of these recommends textbooks as supplementary
material on their course Web page. Students thus begin the
SCADA Systems course with a uniform background knowl-
edge provided by these earlier courses. For example, in Process
Control, students are taught the standards of the Instrument
Society of America (ISA) such as Instrumentation Symbols and
Identification (ISA5.1), Binary Logic Diagrams for Process
Operations (ISA-5.2), Graphic Symbols for Distributed Con-
trol/Shared Display Instrumentation, Logic and Computer
Systems (ISA-5.3), and Instrument Loop Diagrams (ISA-5.4);
these standards are necessary to establish communication for
SCADA.
The learning objectives of the course, updated in 2010, are
that students should do the following:
1) understand the fundamental concepts of a SCADA system
and its various components such as electronics, computers,
and communication systems;
2) be able to configure the SCADA software package pro-
gram and determine the needs for the SCADA system from
given information;
3) learn communication protocols used for computerized
system control;
4) be able to install and run real application setups using the
software;
5) be able to analyze the overall SCADA system software and
the various elements of communication-based hardware.
SCADA Systems, given in the fourth semester, is given in
one 4-h session per week. Its syllabus is given in Table I.
III. EXPERIMENTS
Microcontroller-based experimental setups were designed
to carry out seven consecutive experiments. The first four
of these experiments—on the RS232 serial port, IEEE 1284
D-25 parallel port, the use of a digital thermometer, and tem-
perature and liquid-level instrumentation [15], [16]—were
explained in a previous study [2]. Three new experiments—on
TABLE I
SYLLABUS OF SCADA SYSTEMS
using a USB port, controlling a USB-based Cartesian robot,
and controlling a TCP/IP-based robot arm—are explained in
Sections III-A–III-C.
A. Software Selection
The choice of control and automation software is very im-
portant issue for engineering applications and education. The
selection criteria were explained in detail in a recent study [8].
The LabVIEW 8.5 evaluation copy (to use USB and TCP/IP
ports) was chosen for SCADA education in the SCADA Sys-
tems course because of its minimal cost.
B. Experimental Setups
The laboratory is equipped with 10 experimental setups,
each comprising a PC, an application set, a multimeter, an
oscilloscope, and necessary software. The PCs, with a Core2
3300 MHz processor and 2 GB of memory, run MS Windows
XP Professional and LabVIEW 8.5 [17] evaluation software.
An experimental SCADA system consists of DAQ hardware
and development software. DAQ hardware, composed of an
analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a digital-to-analog
converter (DAC), is used to acquire and control the phys-
ical phenomena with sensors and actuators, respectively. VIs
in LabVIEW are commonly used in programming SCADA
systems for logging data from a DAQ system with a flexible
GUI [18].
A peripheral interface circuit (PIC)-based SCADA system is
preferred for experiments because PLC-based systems are very
expensive to use for education [19]. PIC-based experimental
setups serve as the signal conditioner, data acquirer, and con-
troller for interface circuits. Their internal software supports the
GUI developed in LabVIEW.
In this study, three different PIC microcontroller boards
were designed and used in experiments: The PIC16F877,
PIC18F4550, and PIC18F452 are used for serial and parallel
port-based experimental setups, USB-based experimental
setups, and TCP/IP-based experimental setups, respectively.
These microcontrollers include internal flash program memory,
a large area of RAM, internal EEPROM, and eight channel
ADCs. They are thus suitable for real-time systems and moni-
toring applications [6].
3. This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination.
ŞAHIN AND İŞLER: MICROCONTROLLER-BASED ROBOTICS AND SCADA EXPERIMENTS 3
TABLE II
GRADING SCHEME SHOWING THE MARKS AVAILABLE FOR EACH PART OF THE SEVEN EXPERIMENTS: 1—RS232 SERIAL PORT COMMUNICATION; 2—IEEE
1284 PARALLEL PORT COMMUNICATION; 3—DIGITAL THERMOMETER; 4—TEMPERATURE & LIQUID-LEVEL CONTROL; 5—USB PORT COMMUNICATION;
6—USB-BASED CARTESIAN ROBOT; 7—TCP/IP-BASED ROBOT ARM. (“N/A” MEANS THAT ITEM IS NOT PART OF THAT EXPERIMENT)
C. Experiments
LabVIEW software is used to implement the front panel and
the block diagram. The block diagram holds the data flow and
graphical source codes, which is useful for designing an HMI
for robotics and automation systems. The front panel provides
switches, counters, timers, and graphs in order to monitor and
control the experiments. The block diagram supplies data flow
and function tools with connectors, terminals, and wires. Each
of the seven consecutive SCADA experiments is carried out in
four distinct stages: 1) hardware properties; 2) software proper-
ties; 3) integration of the hardware and the software; and 4) eval-
uation of lab reports. The students were introduced to the exper-
imental setups and PIC units and were then requested to develop
their own PIC program and front-panel GUI with VI programs
in LabVIEW. Table II shows the contributions of each step for
evaluation of the experiment. Students are allowed to hand their
reports in any official time in the following week.
Implementations of the first four experiments are designed to
use a PIC16F877-based hardware of the simple setup described
in the authors’ previous paper [2]. Three additional advanced
experiments (#5–#7) use a USB port, a USB-based Cartesian
robot, and a TCP/IP-based robot arm.
1) Implementation of the USB Port: This experiment con-
nects the PIC18F4550 board and graphical programming using
LabVIEW via a USB port. Students are expected to read the
status of switches and send these values to the LEDs through
the USB port. This experiment helps students to understand the
basics of the DAQ and digital communication protocols using a
USB port.
2) Implementation of the USB-Based Cartesian Robot: This
experiment connects the PIC18F4550 board with a general-pur-
pose step motor driver card to the USB port, implementing real-
time controlling and monitoring for a three-axis system. The
Cartesian robot has three axes, and thus has three degrees of
freedom (DOF); these -, -, and -axes are controlled by a mi-
crocontroller board and step motor drivers via the LabVIEW-
designed GUI. Limit switches are used to prevent it passing the
borders of each axis. Students follow these steps.
a) Generate a USB-HMI driver using the “VISA Driver De-
velopment Wizard” and “VISA Interactive Controller” in
National Instruments’ VISA program.
b) Adjust the reference point to zero for the three axes using
the reset button.
c) Control the - - -axes of the Cartesian robot via the GUI.
d) Transfer the axes’ coordinate and limit value data between
the computer and microcontroller card.
e) Control the step motors with pulse-width modulation
(PWM) using a proportional control algorithm.
f) Monitor the GUI.
This experiment is designed as an advanced-level application
to show students how a complex real-time application can be
designed.
3) Implementation of the TCP/IP-Based Robot Arm: The
last experiment is a multiexperimental system designed for con-
necting to the PIC18F452 board via TCP/IP communication
protocol, using the TCP/IP port. The robot arm with its three
DOF and its gripper are driven by servomotors via a micro-
controller board and a LabVIEW-designed GUI. In addition,
this experiment also includes temperature readings and an 8-bit
input/output (I/O). The thermometer part of this experimental
setup is realized using a DS1820 sensor. The 8-bit I/O part is
implemented as were the serial port in Exp. #1 and the USB port
in Exp. #5. The embedded TCP/IP port means the experimental
system can be used for WAN and LAN applications. Students
follow these steps.
a) Generate TCP/IP and uni-datagram protocol (UDP)
drivers using LabVIEW function blocks.
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4 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION
TABLE III
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF EXAMINATION GRADES ( NUMBER OF
STUDENTS)
Fig. 1. Mean grades of all enrolled students (lower line) and students passing
the course (upper line).
b) Control the robot arm via a LabVIEW-designed GUI.
c) Control servomotors with PWM used as proportional con-
trol for their states.
d) Monitor the GUI.
e) Read the status of switches and send this value to the
LEDs through the TCP/IP port.
This experiment is also designed as a SCADA-based robotics
application.
IV. EVALUATION
The experimental setup and the suite of seven experiments
were evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively.
A. Quantitative Evaluation
The exam results over eight years of the SCADA Systems
course were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. In the first
three of these years, the experimental setup was not in place. The
next two years featured the simple setup (Experiments 1–4), and
the last three featured the complete setup (Experiments 1–7).
The course had the same teacher, this paper’s first author, for
all eight years. All the exams were prepared and graded by
this teacher; their questions were determined by considering
Bloom’s Taxonomy, a classification of educational learning ob-
jectives [20]. Therefore, throughout this period, the exams may
be considered to be as similar as possible, and the experimental
setup can be thought of as the major factor affecting student per-
formance in the course. Table III gives the statistical results.
Fig. 1 shows the mean grades over eight years of both all
enrolled students and of the students who passed the exam. As
TABLE IV
TEST OF THE HOMOGENEITY OF VARIANCES
TABLE V
ANOVA-TEST RESULTS FOR DIFFERENCES TO SHOW THE EFFECTS OF SETUP
ON STUDENTS’ EXAM RESULTS
TABLE VI
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF EXAMINATION GRADES ( NUMBER OF
STUDENTS)
can be seen in Table III, there was a substantial improvement in
mean grades after the introduction to the laboratory both of the
simple setup and advanced setup.
To analyze the statistical differences over these eight years,
further statistical procedures were followed [2]. The statistical
distributions of the eight-year grades were assumed to be normal
upon visual inspection. Then the homogeneity of variances of
grades had to be tested. The Levene statistic is probably the most
commonly used test for this purpose in normal-distributed data.
Applying this test (Table IV), the value shows that the
hypothesis on the homogeneity of variances is valid.
A one-way ANOVA analysis was performed at 0.05 signif-
icance level using the SPSS software package. Table V gives
the test result as , which means that there is a statis-
tically significant difference between years. However, this test
does not indicate which years differ from others. To see this,
Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test, a multiple
comparison test in statistics, is applied, as in Table VI.
These results classify student exam performance in three
distinct groups: no experimental setup, the simple setup, and
the advanced setup. The last rows show the statistical signifi-
cance for each group. If the significance is greater than 0.05,
that group may be assumed to be statistically indistinguishable.
For example, student grades for 2003–2004, 2004–2005, and
2005–2006 must be considered statistically similar. Those
for 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 and those of 2008–2009,
2009–2010 and 2010–2011 are also similar. However, those
for 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 cannot be considered similar.
5. This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination.
ŞAHIN AND İŞLER: MICROCONTROLLER-BASED ROBOTICS AND SCADA EXPERIMENTS 5
The exam results indicate that there were statistically signif-
icant improvements both after the simple setup and after the
advanced setup.
B. Qualitative Evaluation
A five-question survey was given at the end of the semester
to obtain a qualitative evaluation of the performance of the ex-
perimental setup and experiments, using a Likert scale of Very
Poor, Poor, Average, Good, and Excellent. The questions were
as follows.
1) Do you think this course provides a deep understanding of,
and application experience in, the subject of interest?
2) Do you think the educational materials used in the context
of this course are adequate?
3) How does this course affect your motivation to continue
your education in the field of automation?
4) Do you think this course provided you with the experience
necessary for your professional life?
5) How useful did you find this course in your automation
education?
The survey results are summarized in Fig. 2(a) for the
simple experimental setup and in Fig. 2(b) for the advanced
experimental setups. The answers to the first and second ques-
tions show that most students agree that the SCADA Systems
course helps them achieve the required desired level in terms
of knowledge, experience, and educational materials. For the
third question, 72% of students say that the course strongly mo-
tivated them in the field of automation technologies. Answers
to the fourth question are in a somewhat different category in
that students do not as yet have a professional life; this could
account for the higher level of answers of Poor and Average.
For the last question, students evaluated the lectures and found
them adequate. Responses to the last question are very similar
to those for the first three questions.
V. DISCUSSION
Turkey, and other developing countries, must keep up with
modern technology for their industries to be able to compete in
world markets. Since SCADA and other hardware devices may
be beyond the budgets of the educational institutions of such
countries, it is crucial to be able to implement teaching based on
more affordable simulation tools. This paper has described the
teaching of the concepts of industrial automation, data acquisi-
tion, instrumentation, using widely used communication ports
(such as serial, parallel, USB, and TCP/IP), virtual instrumen-
tation, and its development with LabVIEW. Acquiring experi-
mental knowledge of these matters by means of seven labora-
tory experiments helps students to integrate the theoretical con-
cepts. Although an evaluation copy of LabVIEW was used in
the study to achieve minimal cost, the Internet-based commu-
nication technologies that are an important part of distributed
systems such as SCADA [17] were also included. As a result,
the experimental setups offer a good alternative to commercial
ones.
In addition, although this study had the goal of designing an
experimental setup and experiments for the undergraduate level,
these are also suitable for use in degree programs in electrical,
Fig. 2. Student responses to each survey question for the (a) simple setup and
(b) advanced setups.
electronics, and control engineering in courses in control, instru-
mentation, and SCADA. The experimental setup is also suitable
for project-based learning systems, and so can easily be inte-
grated by engineering institutions and technical colleges that use
project-based learning strategies. The course was modified over
an eight-year period to achieve the desired learning outcomes.
The exam results, analyzed in Table VI, indicate that there
were three different statistically significant groups. It could
be concluded that using experimental setups is essential to
understanding technical subjects, and the more complex the
experiments, the greater the students’ success. In addition,
students stressed in oral feedback sessions that complex
applications would help in increasing their motivation and
self-confidence. Such setups can therefore be used for demon-
stration sessions to attract student attention and improve their
motivation. Almost all student feedback was positive except
that from students who had poor class attendance. Nevertheless,
both the experimental setup and the experimental content have
been gradually improved on the basis of this feedback.
Because of the limitations of the evaluation version of
LabVIEW, students were not introduced to the concepts of
reading input data from the database and writing output data to
6. This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination.
6 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION
the database, nor to some other important concepts such as SQL
operations and database security. This lack was addressed by
recommending textbooks related to these topics [21], [22] and
will be further addressed by their inclusion in graduate-level
courses.
Implementation details of both hardware and software are
available upon request from the second author via e-mail and
will be more widely available as soon as the course Web site is
online.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank M. B. Öner, B. Kadioğlu, and
O. Ergünay for their contributions during implementation of the
setups, and M. Ölmez and M. B. Selek for encouragement to
extend the study and to write this paper.
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Savaş Şahin received the B.Sc. degree in electronics and communication en-
gineering from Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey, in 1996, the M.Sc. degree
in electrical and electronics engineering from Ege University, Izmir, Turkey, in
2003, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Dokuz
Eylül University, Konak, Turkey, in 2010.
He was an Instructor with the Department of Control and Automation, Ege
Business and Technical College, Ege University, from 2000 to 2012. He has
been working as Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Elec-
tronics Engineering, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey, since 2012.
His main research interests are in the fields of control systems, industrial au-
tomation, chaotic systems, and artificial neural networks.
Yalçin İşler (S’09–M’11) received the B.Sc. degree in electrical and electronics
engineering from Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey, in 1993, the M.Sc.
degree in electronics and communication engineering from Süleyman Demirel
University, Isparta, Turkey, in 1996, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical and elec-
tronics engineering from Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey, in 2009.
From 1993 to 2000, he was a Lecturer with Burdur Vocational School,
Süleyman Demirel University. He worked as a Software Engineer from 2000
to 2002. He was a Research Assistant with Zonguldak Karaelmas University,
Zonguldak, Turkey, from 2002 to 2003 and with Dokuz Eylül University from
2003 to 2010. He was an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical
and Electronics Engineering, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, from 2010 to
2012. He has been working as an Assistant Professor with the Department
of Biomedical Engineering, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey,
since 2012. His main research interests are in the fields of biomedical signal
processing, computational neuroscience, genetic algorithms, and microcon-
troller-based board design.