STATUS OF HYBRID RICE BREEDING IN INDIA & ABROADVishal Pandey
Hybrids have the potential of yielding 15-20% more than the best pureline variety grown under similar conditions in Rice by exploiting the phenomenon of hybrid vigour or heterosis
In view of rapidly increasing population and declining natural resources, Hybrid rice is one of the most important and practically feasible technologies for increasing food-grain production, ensuring food security and boosting farmers income.
To further reduce the cost of hybrid rice seeds, Improvement in hybrid rice seed production technology is needed
Hybrid rice seed production technology is labour and knowledge intensive
There is a need for developing Hybrids suited to rainfed lowland as well as of longer duration to replace longer duration mega inbred varieties
Comparative potential on yield and its related characters in fine riceInnspub Net
A total of twenty fine grain rice cultivars including fifteen land races, three developed (Paijam, BR-49 and BR34) and two exotic (Philippine katari and Ranjit) varieties were collected from different parts of Bangladesh to identify the yield enhancing characters and to select desirable cultivars with high yield potential and high aroma emission from rice grain. The experiments were conducted in Aman season in 2013, in the Plant Breeding Research Field, HSTU, Dinajpur. Genetic variation for yield (t/ha) and other fourteen yield related characters like, plant height (cm), panicle length (cm), panicle weight (gm), total tillers/plant, productive tillers/plant, rachilla/panicle, sterile grain/panicle, total grain/panicle, 1000-grain weight (g), grain length (mm), grain breadth (mm), aroma content (%), days to 50% flowering, days to maturity was estimated. All the characters showed high heritability except sterile grain/panicle, indicated better progress under selection. High heritability (98.65%) was revealed by productive tillers/plant, suggested that the character would be less affected by environment. The cultivar, Ranjit produced the highest yield (4.96 t/h).The highest aroma contents in Kalozira (35%) and Kalosoru (30%) was estimated. The highest yield (4.96 t/h) was obtained from Ranjit and it was statistcally similar with the yields of Bolder (4.68 t/h), Malsira (4.25 t/h), Kalozira (4.33 t/h), BR-49 (4.26 t/h). The simultaneous consideration of yield potential and aroma emission from
rice grain, four cultivars viz. Kalozira, Radhunipagol, Badshabogh and Chinigura may be advanced for commercial cultivation by the farmers and agriculture entrepreneurs and may be incorporated in further breeding for the development of high yielding fine rice varieties but the highest amount of aroma emission (35%) and yield (4.33 t/h) indicated that Kalozira was the best aromatic rice cultivar. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
STATUS OF HYBRID RICE BREEDING IN INDIA & ABROADVishal Pandey
Hybrids have the potential of yielding 15-20% more than the best pureline variety grown under similar conditions in Rice by exploiting the phenomenon of hybrid vigour or heterosis
In view of rapidly increasing population and declining natural resources, Hybrid rice is one of the most important and practically feasible technologies for increasing food-grain production, ensuring food security and boosting farmers income.
To further reduce the cost of hybrid rice seeds, Improvement in hybrid rice seed production technology is needed
Hybrid rice seed production technology is labour and knowledge intensive
There is a need for developing Hybrids suited to rainfed lowland as well as of longer duration to replace longer duration mega inbred varieties
Comparative potential on yield and its related characters in fine riceInnspub Net
A total of twenty fine grain rice cultivars including fifteen land races, three developed (Paijam, BR-49 and BR34) and two exotic (Philippine katari and Ranjit) varieties were collected from different parts of Bangladesh to identify the yield enhancing characters and to select desirable cultivars with high yield potential and high aroma emission from rice grain. The experiments were conducted in Aman season in 2013, in the Plant Breeding Research Field, HSTU, Dinajpur. Genetic variation for yield (t/ha) and other fourteen yield related characters like, plant height (cm), panicle length (cm), panicle weight (gm), total tillers/plant, productive tillers/plant, rachilla/panicle, sterile grain/panicle, total grain/panicle, 1000-grain weight (g), grain length (mm), grain breadth (mm), aroma content (%), days to 50% flowering, days to maturity was estimated. All the characters showed high heritability except sterile grain/panicle, indicated better progress under selection. High heritability (98.65%) was revealed by productive tillers/plant, suggested that the character would be less affected by environment. The cultivar, Ranjit produced the highest yield (4.96 t/h).The highest aroma contents in Kalozira (35%) and Kalosoru (30%) was estimated. The highest yield (4.96 t/h) was obtained from Ranjit and it was statistcally similar with the yields of Bolder (4.68 t/h), Malsira (4.25 t/h), Kalozira (4.33 t/h), BR-49 (4.26 t/h). The simultaneous consideration of yield potential and aroma emission from
rice grain, four cultivars viz. Kalozira, Radhunipagol, Badshabogh and Chinigura may be advanced for commercial cultivation by the farmers and agriculture entrepreneurs and may be incorporated in further breeding for the development of high yielding fine rice varieties but the highest amount of aroma emission (35%) and yield (4.33 t/h) indicated that Kalozira was the best aromatic rice cultivar. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Grain Quality of Doubled Haploid Lines in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Produced by ...Galal Anis, PhD
Genetic devlopment to imrove genotypes with high quality is the most important approach of rice. Thus, anther culture technique is one of straight forward approaches for improvement of rice cultivars with good grain quality. Therefore, this investigation aimed to develop some doubled haploid lines (DH) through anther culture technique and evaluate them along with their five parents including two check varieties for some nutritional characteristics. The results indicated that the three mineral element contents (Zn, Mn and Fe) of rice grain were clearly different among genotypes (DH), which implied that genotypic variations might provide opportunities to select for higher mineral element content. Analysis of variance revealed that the differences among genotypes were significant for all studied traits. Highly significant positive correlations were recognized among the studied characteristics. Accordingly, Rice lines with the high nutritional values will use as donors for this trait in rice breeding programs for exploitation and in hybridization.
Improving Grain Yield in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) by Estimation of Heterosis, G...Galal Anis, PhD
The recent approach for rice production includes the improvement of yield is necessary to cater for consumer demand. Therefore, a field experiment (diallel analysis) was conducted and Training Center, Egypt during 2014 and 2015growing season to estimate combining ability, heterosis and genetic parameters in ricefor improving the yield. Th and Sakha105 were recorded highest mean values for most traits. The crosses (Giza177 × Sakha106, Sakha101 × Sakha104 and Sakha101 × Gz7576-10-3-2-1) were recorded highest mean values for grain yield plant-1.Sakha106 and Sakha104 recorded the highest mean values for flag leaf area. evident from the result, a positive correlation was observed between flag leaf area and grain yield as well as, the results were recorded positively correlation coefficient between n to heading, number of filled grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight. cross Sakha 101/Sakha 104, Sakha 104/Sakha 106, Sakha 105/BL1 and Sakha 106/BL1 were identified as themost promising cross for developing high yielding rice varieties and could be further benefits to isolate superior transgressive segregants for breeding programs
The presentation is by B Mishra from the one day workshop on ‘Pulses for Nutrition in India: Changing Patterns from Farm-to-Fork’ organized on Jan 14, 2014. The workshop is based on a few studies conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute under the CGIAR’s Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. These studies covered the entire domain of pulse sector in India from production to consumption, prices to trade, processing to value addition, and from innovations to the role of private sector in strengthening the entire pulse value chain. These studies were designed to better understand the drivers of changing dynamics of pulses in the value chain from farm-to-fork, and explore opportunities for meeting their availability through increased production, enhanced trade and improved efficiency.
Agronomic performance and farmers perception on zinc enriched rice brri dhan62Md. Julfiker Rahman
Newly developed zinc enriched rice variety BRRI dhan62 was evaluated along with three other short maturing Transplanted Aman (wet season) rice varieties namely BINA dhan7, BRRI dhan33 and BRRI dhan56 at six different locations of Bangladesh during 2014. The study was laid out in randomized complete block design where each of the six dispersedly located locations act as replications. Agronomic performance, yield and yield components were determined at maturity. Economic performance and farmer’s perceptions on the newly developed zinc enriched rice BRRI dhan62 were measured after harvest. Maximum genotypic difference was 12% in plant height, ranging from 122 to 109 cm among the tested varieties where BRRI dhan62 was the shortest and BRRI dhan56 was the tallest plant. The maximum grain yield was obtained from BINA dhan7 (5.70 ton h-1) which was similar with BRRI dhan33 and minimum grain yield was obtained from BRRI dhan62 (4.78 ton h-1) that was statistically similar with BRRI dhan56. BINA dhan7 gave maximum yield compared to other because of its maximum panicle number m-2. The highest yielding variety BINA dhan7 produced highest productivity day-1 (55 kg) which was statistically similar with BRRI dhan62 (51 kg) and lowest productivity day-1 was found BRRI dhan56 (48 kg). BRRI dhan33 produced highest benefit cost ratio (2.33) compared to other variety and BRRI dhan62 and BRRI dhan56 produced lowest benefit cost ratio (2.16). The short maturing characteristic of BRRI dhan62 was most preferred attribute by the farmers rather than higher yield or higher zinc content.
Evaluation of promising lines in rice ( O r y z a s a t i v a L.) to agronomi...Galal Anis, PhD
A field experiment was conducted during the period 2014 and 2015 at the farm of Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, kafr el-sheikh, Egypt for evaluation the performance of promising lines in rice to agronomic and genetic performance under Egyptian conditions. Results revealed that the Giza 179 produced the highest grain yield (5.44 kg/5m2) followed by the promising line GZ9461-4-2-3-1 (5.26 kg/5m2) and the commercial variety Giza 178 (5.07 kg/5m2). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. The high genotypic coefficient of variability (gcv) and phenotypic coefficient of variability (pcv) recorded for number of filled grains/panicle indicate the existence of wide spectrum of variability for this trait and offer greater opportunities for desired trait through phenotypic selection. The phenotypic variance was higher than the corresponding genotypic variance for traits. Estimation of heritability ranged from 49.16% to 99.52% for number of panicle/plant and duration traits, respectively. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for growing period and plant height and indicate the lesser influence of environment in expression of these traits and prevalence of additive gene action in their inheritance hence, amenable of simple selection. The promising rice lines GZ9461-4-2-3-1 and GZ10147-1-2-1-1 performed better as compared with the commercial variety. Selection of these traits would be more effective for yield improvement in rice and these promising lines would be more valuable materials for breeders engaged in the development of high yielding cultivars.
Green revolution in wheat was brought through the "Dwarfing genes". This document describes all relevant information about major dwarfing genes in wheat and the mechanism how they cause dwarfism.
It is report on seat production technology. It sows how the government seed production occur and distributed to the farmers. It based on commercial training that is held in 8th semester of B.Sc. agriculture final year according to ICAR module.
Grain Quality of Doubled Haploid Lines in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Produced by ...Galal Anis, PhD
Genetic devlopment to imrove genotypes with high quality is the most important approach of rice. Thus, anther culture technique is one of straight forward approaches for improvement of rice cultivars with good grain quality. Therefore, this investigation aimed to develop some doubled haploid lines (DH) through anther culture technique and evaluate them along with their five parents including two check varieties for some nutritional characteristics. The results indicated that the three mineral element contents (Zn, Mn and Fe) of rice grain were clearly different among genotypes (DH), which implied that genotypic variations might provide opportunities to select for higher mineral element content. Analysis of variance revealed that the differences among genotypes were significant for all studied traits. Highly significant positive correlations were recognized among the studied characteristics. Accordingly, Rice lines with the high nutritional values will use as donors for this trait in rice breeding programs for exploitation and in hybridization.
Improving Grain Yield in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) by Estimation of Heterosis, G...Galal Anis, PhD
The recent approach for rice production includes the improvement of yield is necessary to cater for consumer demand. Therefore, a field experiment (diallel analysis) was conducted and Training Center, Egypt during 2014 and 2015growing season to estimate combining ability, heterosis and genetic parameters in ricefor improving the yield. Th and Sakha105 were recorded highest mean values for most traits. The crosses (Giza177 × Sakha106, Sakha101 × Sakha104 and Sakha101 × Gz7576-10-3-2-1) were recorded highest mean values for grain yield plant-1.Sakha106 and Sakha104 recorded the highest mean values for flag leaf area. evident from the result, a positive correlation was observed between flag leaf area and grain yield as well as, the results were recorded positively correlation coefficient between n to heading, number of filled grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight. cross Sakha 101/Sakha 104, Sakha 104/Sakha 106, Sakha 105/BL1 and Sakha 106/BL1 were identified as themost promising cross for developing high yielding rice varieties and could be further benefits to isolate superior transgressive segregants for breeding programs
The presentation is by B Mishra from the one day workshop on ‘Pulses for Nutrition in India: Changing Patterns from Farm-to-Fork’ organized on Jan 14, 2014. The workshop is based on a few studies conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute under the CGIAR’s Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. These studies covered the entire domain of pulse sector in India from production to consumption, prices to trade, processing to value addition, and from innovations to the role of private sector in strengthening the entire pulse value chain. These studies were designed to better understand the drivers of changing dynamics of pulses in the value chain from farm-to-fork, and explore opportunities for meeting their availability through increased production, enhanced trade and improved efficiency.
Agronomic performance and farmers perception on zinc enriched rice brri dhan62Md. Julfiker Rahman
Newly developed zinc enriched rice variety BRRI dhan62 was evaluated along with three other short maturing Transplanted Aman (wet season) rice varieties namely BINA dhan7, BRRI dhan33 and BRRI dhan56 at six different locations of Bangladesh during 2014. The study was laid out in randomized complete block design where each of the six dispersedly located locations act as replications. Agronomic performance, yield and yield components were determined at maturity. Economic performance and farmer’s perceptions on the newly developed zinc enriched rice BRRI dhan62 were measured after harvest. Maximum genotypic difference was 12% in plant height, ranging from 122 to 109 cm among the tested varieties where BRRI dhan62 was the shortest and BRRI dhan56 was the tallest plant. The maximum grain yield was obtained from BINA dhan7 (5.70 ton h-1) which was similar with BRRI dhan33 and minimum grain yield was obtained from BRRI dhan62 (4.78 ton h-1) that was statistically similar with BRRI dhan56. BINA dhan7 gave maximum yield compared to other because of its maximum panicle number m-2. The highest yielding variety BINA dhan7 produced highest productivity day-1 (55 kg) which was statistically similar with BRRI dhan62 (51 kg) and lowest productivity day-1 was found BRRI dhan56 (48 kg). BRRI dhan33 produced highest benefit cost ratio (2.33) compared to other variety and BRRI dhan62 and BRRI dhan56 produced lowest benefit cost ratio (2.16). The short maturing characteristic of BRRI dhan62 was most preferred attribute by the farmers rather than higher yield or higher zinc content.
Evaluation of promising lines in rice ( O r y z a s a t i v a L.) to agronomi...Galal Anis, PhD
A field experiment was conducted during the period 2014 and 2015 at the farm of Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, kafr el-sheikh, Egypt for evaluation the performance of promising lines in rice to agronomic and genetic performance under Egyptian conditions. Results revealed that the Giza 179 produced the highest grain yield (5.44 kg/5m2) followed by the promising line GZ9461-4-2-3-1 (5.26 kg/5m2) and the commercial variety Giza 178 (5.07 kg/5m2). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. The high genotypic coefficient of variability (gcv) and phenotypic coefficient of variability (pcv) recorded for number of filled grains/panicle indicate the existence of wide spectrum of variability for this trait and offer greater opportunities for desired trait through phenotypic selection. The phenotypic variance was higher than the corresponding genotypic variance for traits. Estimation of heritability ranged from 49.16% to 99.52% for number of panicle/plant and duration traits, respectively. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for growing period and plant height and indicate the lesser influence of environment in expression of these traits and prevalence of additive gene action in their inheritance hence, amenable of simple selection. The promising rice lines GZ9461-4-2-3-1 and GZ10147-1-2-1-1 performed better as compared with the commercial variety. Selection of these traits would be more effective for yield improvement in rice and these promising lines would be more valuable materials for breeders engaged in the development of high yielding cultivars.
Green revolution in wheat was brought through the "Dwarfing genes". This document describes all relevant information about major dwarfing genes in wheat and the mechanism how they cause dwarfism.
It is report on seat production technology. It sows how the government seed production occur and distributed to the farmers. It based on commercial training that is held in 8th semester of B.Sc. agriculture final year according to ICAR module.
Technical & Marketing Aspects of Seeds Businesssunil Trivedi
A PRESENTATION SPECIFICALLY PREPARED FOR THE YOUNG AGRICULTURE GRADUATES/POST GRADUATES WHO ARE WILLING TO BE PART OF SEED INDUSTRY BY SEEKING EMPLOYMENT AS SEED TECHNOLOGIST,SEED PROCESSING /PRODUCTION /MARKETING EXECUTIVES IN COMPANIES OR WANT TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS IN SEED BUSINESS.
THE PRESENTATION COVERS ALL THE IMPORTANT POINTS /STEPS INVOLVED IN THE SEED BUSINESS.
The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and ICRISAT have an important common interest. ILRI studies ruminant livestock, which contribute to human welfare by providing food, draft power and manure. ICRISAT studies crop residues, which are consumed by livestock as fodder. It’s a marriage made in heaven – common ground for collaborative research. A multidisciplinary research team of scientists funded by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID), the Australian Center for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), ILRI and ICRISAT set out to identify genotypes of sorghum, pearl millet and groundnut that could be used to develop plants with greater biomass and nutritive value without sacrificing grain yield.
Knowledge of Farmers about production technology of root and tuber cropsVedant Girawale
It is believable that to motivate farmers for adopting package of
practices of root & tuber crops for food security and nutritional security is very much essential. Final decision of farmers to adopt root & tuber crops cultivation is usually the result of their knowledge about package of practices of tuber crops. Therefore, it was felt necessary to study level of knowledge of the farmers about package of practices of root & tuber crops in Navsari distrist of south Gujarat, India.
Varietal differences in seed germination and seedling vigour characteristics ...Open Access Research Paper
An experiment was conducted using twenty-two (accession, local and improved) cowpea genotypes evaluated for their laboratory seed quality attributes. The laboratory experiment was set-up in a complete randomized design with three replicates between February and March, 2023 at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Oyo State. Data collected on seed quality attributes in the laboratory were subjected to analysis of variance. Treatment means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5 % level of probability, correlation, and principal component analysis. Germination percentage ranged from 94.0 % for NGB07614 to 31.33 % for NGB07593. Germination percentage also had highly significant negative correlation with germination index, abnormal seedling, dead seed and seedling dry weight. Germination percentage also had positive and significant correlation with root length and seedling vigour index. Principal component analysis revealed that the seed quality attributes such as germination percentage, germination index, seedling vigour index, shoot length, root length and seedling dry weight contribute significantly to the variation within the 22 genotypes of cowpea evaluated. The cluster analysis for seed quality attributes included in this study placed cowpea genotypes into four clusters with sub clusters for each, except cluster four with only three genotypes of one accession, one local and one improved, respectively. The mean performance of laboratory seed quality attributes revealed that NGB07614, Abewere, 150-Ex and Modupe were outstanding in some of seed quality attributes. This shows that selection for superior seed quality traits is possible among these cowpea accessions.
Biogas From Animal Manure - Retrospects and Prospects (Kapanadze)Iwl Pcu
Darejan Kapanadze, PhD
Environmental Specialist
The World Bank
Presentation given at the 6th Regional Nutrient Reduction Conference in the Black Sea - Danube Basin in Ankara, Turkey.
ABSTRACT- The shape of yam tubers is highly variable within and between varieties. Both genetic and environmental
factors, such as soil structure play significant role in determining tuber shape. This variable nature of yam tubers makes
the development of machines for tuber harvesting difficult. For effective mechanisation of yam harvesting, selection of
cultivars with good tuber shape need to be made. As a preliminary investigation, the variability of the diameter to length
ratios in three variants of the white yam was studied. The three varieties of the Dioscorea rotundata (Amola, Ekpe and
Obiaoturugo), exhibited varying tuber shapes both within and between varieties. The tuber shape repeatability coefficients
for the varieties were found to be 96% for “Amola”, 50% for “Ekpe” and 13.4% for “Obiaoturugo”. Tuber shape in the
white yam is genetic and thus can be maintained from year to year and across locations. It is therefore possible to transfer
the genes for shape between varieties. The development of yam varieties with appropriate tuber shapes which can be
harvested mechanically is possible.
Key-words- White Yam, Dioscorea rotundata, Tuber shape, Variability and Stability
This presentation consists of all of the activities that I participated in during my internship with IRRI. The activities are in chronological order according to the date that they took place.
Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Studies(IGIDR), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) on
‘Harnessing Opportunities to Improve Agri-Food Systems’ on July 24-25 , 2014 in New Delhi.
The two day conference aims to discuss the agricultural priority of the government and develop a road map to realise these priorities for improved agri food systems.
B4FA 2012 Ghana: Plant Genetic Resources in Ghana - Lawrence Aboagyeb4fa
Presentation by Lawrence Aboagye, Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso, Ghana
Delivered at the B4FA Media Dialogue Workshop, Accra, Ghana - September 2012
www.b4fa.org
Estimate of Genetic Variability Parameters among Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea ...Premier Publishers
Sixteen groundnut genotypes (including local check) were evaluated for quantitative parameters. The crop was sown during 2015 wet season in Ethiopia across four locations. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Twelve quantitative parameters were studied. The analysis of variance revealed the prevalence of significant difference among the genotypes for all studied parameters. Based on mean performance of genotypes Beha gudo, Manipeter and Werer-962 were found to be best for grain yield in kg/ha. High to moderate estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were exhibited by all characters except for SHP and NSP indicating that those characters could be used as selection indices for crop improvement. High heritability was observed for 100SW (91.2%), AGBP (90.3%), NBP (90.2%), PH (89.4%), NMP (86.8%), NSPOD (85.7%), HI (83.7%) and KY (79.7%) accompanied by high genetic advance indicating the predominant role of additive gene action and the possibilities of effective selection for the improvement of groundnut genotypes based on these characters. Low broad sense heritability and low genetic advance was observed only for SHP and NSP indicating low genetic potentials for these characters and non-additive gene effect prevails.
Similar to IDENTIFICATION OF HORSEGRAM CULTIVARS (20)
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
IDENTIFICATION OF HORSEGRAM CULTIVARS
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AGRICULAGRICULAGRICULAGRICULAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRETION CENTRETION CENTRETION CENTRETION CENTRE
wwwwwwwwwwwwwww.ar.ar.ar.ar.arccjourccjourccjourccjourccjournals.com / indianjournals.com / indianjournals.com / indianjournals.com / indianjournals.com / indianjournals.comnals.comnals.comnals.comnals.com
Indian J. Agric. Res., 4747474747 (3) : 207 - 213, 2013
EVEVEVEVEVALALALALALUUUUUAAAAATION AND IDENTIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SUITTION OF SUITTION OF SUITTION OF SUITTION OF SUITABLE HORSE GRAM CULABLE HORSE GRAM CULABLE HORSE GRAM CULABLE HORSE GRAM CULABLE HORSE GRAM CULTIVTIVTIVTIVTIVARSARSARSARSARS
FOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY AND SEED QUALITY TRAITSFOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY AND SEED QUALITY TRAITSFOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY AND SEED QUALITY TRAITSFOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY AND SEED QUALITY TRAITSFOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY AND SEED QUALITY TRAITS
K. KK. KK. KK. KK. Kanaka Durga and Vanaka Durga and Vanaka Durga and Vanaka Durga and Vanaka Durga and V. Sandeep V. Sandeep V. Sandeep V. Sandeep V. Sandeep Varararararmamamamama
Seed Research and Technology Center,
A.G.R.A.U. Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500 030, India
Received: 22-06-2012 Accepted: 14-03-2013
ABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACT
TTTTTwenty thrwenty thrwenty thrwenty thrwenty three cultivars of horse gram weree cultivars of horse gram weree cultivars of horse gram weree cultivars of horse gram weree cultivars of horse gram were evaluated for differe evaluated for differe evaluated for differe evaluated for differe evaluated for different productivity and quality traits.ent productivity and quality traits.ent productivity and quality traits.ent productivity and quality traits.ent productivity and quality traits.
Among the 13 productive traits, it was found that, HG 11 and AK 38 recorded superior performanceAmong the 13 productive traits, it was found that, HG 11 and AK 38 recorded superior performanceAmong the 13 productive traits, it was found that, HG 11 and AK 38 recorded superior performanceAmong the 13 productive traits, it was found that, HG 11 and AK 38 recorded superior performanceAmong the 13 productive traits, it was found that, HG 11 and AK 38 recorded superior performance
for 9 and 7 imporfor 9 and 7 imporfor 9 and 7 imporfor 9 and 7 imporfor 9 and 7 important and desirable productivity and quality traits, rtant and desirable productivity and quality traits, rtant and desirable productivity and quality traits, rtant and desirable productivity and quality traits, rtant and desirable productivity and quality traits, respectivelyespectivelyespectivelyespectivelyespectively. Keeping in view. Keeping in view. Keeping in view. Keeping in view. Keeping in view
with the important productive traitswith the important productive traitswith the important productive traitswith the important productive traitswith the important productive traits viz.,viz.,viz.,viz.,viz., leaf length, plant height, primary branches plantleaf length, plant height, primary branches plantleaf length, plant height, primary branches plantleaf length, plant height, primary branches plantleaf length, plant height, primary branches plant-1-1-1-1-1
, secondary, secondary, secondary, secondary, secondary
branches plantbranches plantbranches plantbranches plantbranches plant-1-1-1-1-1
, seeds pod, seeds pod, seeds pod, seeds pod, seeds pod-1-1-1-1-1
,,,,,
pod hulm plantpod hulm plantpod hulm plantpod hulm plantpod hulm plant-1-1-1-1-1
, seed yield plant, seed yield plant, seed yield plant, seed yield plant, seed yield plant-1-1-1-1-1
and 100 seed weight possessed byand 100 seed weight possessed byand 100 seed weight possessed byand 100 seed weight possessed byand 100 seed weight possessed by
the genotypes, it can be utilized in future breeding programmes. Since the number of varietiesthe genotypes, it can be utilized in future breeding programmes. Since the number of varietiesthe genotypes, it can be utilized in future breeding programmes. Since the number of varietiesthe genotypes, it can be utilized in future breeding programmes. Since the number of varietiesthe genotypes, it can be utilized in future breeding programmes. Since the number of varieties
developed in horse gram is meager and the available variability among the genotypes for variousdeveloped in horse gram is meager and the available variability among the genotypes for variousdeveloped in horse gram is meager and the available variability among the genotypes for variousdeveloped in horse gram is meager and the available variability among the genotypes for variousdeveloped in horse gram is meager and the available variability among the genotypes for various
characters being optimum, the breeder can use the potential genotypes which are having certaincharacters being optimum, the breeder can use the potential genotypes which are having certaincharacters being optimum, the breeder can use the potential genotypes which are having certaincharacters being optimum, the breeder can use the potential genotypes which are having certaincharacters being optimum, the breeder can use the potential genotypes which are having certain
productive and desirable traits which in turn will act as a fuel for creation of variability and allows theproductive and desirable traits which in turn will act as a fuel for creation of variability and allows theproductive and desirable traits which in turn will act as a fuel for creation of variability and allows theproductive and desirable traits which in turn will act as a fuel for creation of variability and allows theproductive and desirable traits which in turn will act as a fuel for creation of variability and allows the
selection of genotypes for different agro-climatic situations.selection of genotypes for different agro-climatic situations.selection of genotypes for different agro-climatic situations.selection of genotypes for different agro-climatic situations.selection of genotypes for different agro-climatic situations.
Key words:Key words:Key words:Key words:Key words: Evaluation, Horse gram, Productivity, Seed quality
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Horse gram is one of the important lesser
known beans. It is also known as Gohat, Kulath
or Kulthi (Hurali) in India and is grown here to
be used as feed and fodder. The whole seeds of
horse gram are generally utilized as cattle feed
and silage for livestock production. However, it
is mainly utilized as a whole seed, sprouts or whole
meal by a large population in rural areas of
southern India. Being a pulse crop, it fixes
atmospheric nitrogen and enriches soil fertility. It
is a drought resistant annual crop. Seeds are rich
in protein (23%). In India, it occupies an area of
1.84 m ha. It covers an area of 0.022 m ha in
Andhra Pradesh with a production of 9 t.
Productivity of horse gram is 400 kg ha-1
which is
less than the national average (500 kg ha-1
). Very
little research progress has been made in this crop
and little efforts have been made to evaluate the
germplasm, identify superior lines and develop
suitable horse gram cultivars with higher
productivity coupled with superior quality. Hence,
the present study was taken up to evaluate 23
horse gram cultivars for productivity and quality
traits to identify superior lines for future use in
the breeding programme.
MAMAMAMAMATERIALS AND METHODSTERIALS AND METHODSTERIALS AND METHODSTERIALS AND METHODSTERIALS AND METHODS
The material for the present study
consisted of 23 cultivars of horse gram comprising
of released varieties, germplasm collections and
land races. The experiment was laid out in a
randomized block design with three replications
at Seed Research and Technology Centre,
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The plot size for each
genotype was 4 m x 0.6 m with 2 rows of 4 m
length at a spacing of 60 cm between rows and
30 cm between plants. Recommended agronomic
practices and plant protection measures were
adopted to raise a healthy crop.
Five competitive plants of each genotype
in each replication were randomly taken to record
observations on qualitative characters (plant,
stem, leaf, pod and seed morphological
characters), quantitative characters (plant height,
primary branches plant-1
, secondary
branches plant-1
, pods axil-1
, pods plant-1
,
seeds pod-1
, pod length, pod hulm plant-1
,
seed yield plant-1
and 100 seed weight) and
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208 INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
seed quality parameters (germination, seedling
length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigor index I
and seedling vigor index II). The seeds of all the
cultivars were tested for laboratory germination
(paper towel) as per the ISTA rules (ISTA, 1985).
The final count was recorded and expressed in
percentage. After final germination count, ten
normal seedlings were selected at random in each
replication for recording seedling length in
centimeters (cm) and the same seedlings were oven
dried at 80o
C for 17 h and weighed (g) for seedling
dry weight. Seedling vigor index I and II were
calculated by multiplying germination per cent with
seedling length and dry matter production,
respectively (Abdul- Baki and Anderson, 1973). The
analysis of variance was carried out according to
the method suggested by Panse and Sukhatme
(1985).
RESULRESULRESULRESULRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONTS AND DISCUSSIONTS AND DISCUSSIONTS AND DISCUSSIONTS AND DISCUSSION
Analysis of variance indicated significant
differences among the genotypes for all the characters
under study. The data presented in Tables1a and 1b
revealed presence of genetic diversity in the material
chosen for the present study. The range for different
characters along with plot averages for different
characters are presented in Tables1a and 1b,
respectively.
For identifying suitable horse gram cultivars,
comparative assessment was made on the basis of
overall mean performance of all the 17
characteristics. Of these, 5 traits were used for
assessing seed quality and the remaining 12
characteristics could be used for determining specific
attributes. Of the 12 characters, 2 characters are
related to source and the remaining 10 characters
are related to yield. The important yield attributing
traits contributing to horse gram comprised of
primary branches plant-1
, secondary branches plant-
1
, pods axil-1
, pods plant-1
, seeds pod-1
, pod length
and 100 seed weight. The cluster means for different
characters along with the relative contribution of
different characters towards the expression of genetic
divergence showed that seed yield plant-1
(33.20%)
contributed maximum to the genetic divergence
followed by seedling vigor index I (27.27%), test
weight (10.28%), seedling vigour index II (9.49%)
and pod hulm plant-1
(7.11%) (Kanaka Durga,
2012).
Horse gram is an indeterminate crop owing
to its twining habit. Of all the genotypes studied, AK
38, a variety, recorded more number of pods plant-1
(156.0) implying that production of additional sink
was the characteristic of this genotype due to its tall
plant behavior of 66.0 cm. On the other hand, HG
54 was found to be dwarf (36.9 cm). Besides
dwarfness, this particular line also recorded less
number of pods plant-1
(31.6) with minimum pod
length (4.7 cm) and is also a low yielder (6.76 g
plant-1
). Hence, it is pertinent to note that dwarfness
is not considered as a productivity trait in horse gram
and tallness should be taken as a selective criterion
for an adoptable genotype to enhance high
productivity. Dhumal and Bolbhat, (2012) recorded
maximum seed and biological yield in tall and high
yielding mutants over control. Work of Sahane et al.
(1995) in horsegram was inconformity with present
study.
Top 5 superior genotypes for seed yield plant-
1
were HG 11 (21.98 g) which was on par with AK
38 (20.96 g) but significantly different from Palem 2
(20.08 g). The other genotypes which recorded
above average plot yield were HG 38 (16.90 g), HG
32 (16.88 g), HG 35 (16.06 g), HG 14 (15.37 g),
HG 72 (14.38 g), HG 24 (13.96 g) and HG 18
(13.35 g) (Table 2)
The genotype, HG 11 besides its advantage
for yield, was also found superior for leaf length (6.0 cm),
plant height (65.4 cm), primary branches plant-1
(12.0), secondary branches plant-1
(11.1), seeds pod-1
(5.5),
pod hulm plant-1
(12.30 g), seed yield plant-1
(21.98 g) and 100 seed weight (3.56 g). Similarly,
AK 38 was tall (66.0 cm) with above average plot
values for primary branches plant-1
(10.4), secondary
branches plant-1
(10.7), pod axil-1
(3.6), pods plant-1
(156.0), pod length (5.6), pod hulm plant-1
(13.88 g)
and seed yield plant-1
(20.96 g) (Figs 1 to 7).
Comparison among different superior
cultivars across the traits indicated that HG 11 gave
superior performance for seven important productive
traits viz., leaf width, plant height, primary branches
plant1
, secondary branches plant 1
, pod hulm plant 1
,
seed yield plant 1
and 100 seed weight (Table 2).
Therefore this germplasm line can be used as one of
the parent in future breeding programmes to obtain
higher productivity, in horse gram. This is further
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FIG: 7
Treat-
ments
Leaf
length
(cm)
Leaf
width
(cm)
Plant
height
(cm)
Primary
branches
plant-1
(no.)
Secondary
branches
plant-1
(no.)
Pods
axil-1
(no.)
Pods
plant-1
(no.)
Seeds
pod-1
(no.)
Pod
length
(cm)
Pod
hulm
plant-1
(g)
Seed
yield
plant-1
(g)
100
seed
weight
(g)
HG 75 3.7 2.5 53.3 9.9 8.5 3.8 87.8 5.7 5.8 4.98 11.74 2.796
HG 54 4.7 2.7 36.9 8.6 7.5 3.3 31.6 5.3 4.7 3.08 6.76 3.167
HG 59 4.3 2.6 50.9 10.1 10.0 3.1 61.4 6.2 5.6 3.88 8.14 3.339
HG 63 4.9 3.1 46.6 7.7 4.8 3.0 43.8 5.8 5.5 4.52 8.44 3.196
HG 14 5.5 4.0 48.9 11.7 5.1 4.1 77.3 5.7 5.1 6.89 15.37 3.227
HG 18 4.6 2.7 47.5 12.4 8.5 3.6 122.0 6.1 6.0 6.03 13.35 3.239
HG 32 5.2 2.9 58.5 12.0 6.0 3.8 80.1 6.2 5.7 8.09 16.88 3.486
HG 24 4.8 3.3 58.6 9.5 7.4 2.6 92.7 6.2 5.7 6.24 13.96 3.745
HG 17 4.7 2.2 45.9 11.1 6.7 2.9 45.0 5.8 5.4 3.34 7.13 3.406
HG 58 6.3 4.1 51.8 10.1 8.6 3.5 90.9 5.5 5.8 6.30 12.80 3.231
HG 72 6.3 4.3 60.1 9.9 10.1 3.2 75.7 5.8 5.9 7.72 14.38 3.246
HG 11 6.0 4.1 65.4 12.0 11.1 3.3 73.3 5.5 5.2 12.30 21.98 3.560
HG 35 4.7 2.8 55.4 8.7 11.7 4.2 128.4 6.2 6.4 6.88 16.06 3.036
HG 38 4.6 2.5 58.9 11.1 7.0 3.0 79.0 5.5 5.4 7.75 16.90 3.331
HG 41 5.1 3.3 47.7 11.5 10.6 3.4 103.8 5.9 5.9 5.52 12.46 3.115
HG 15 6.1 4.2 48.6 9.7 5.4 2.1 47.1 5.1 5.5 4.09 9.22 3.695
HG 49 6.4 4.8 59.0 10.1 5.8 3.9 70.1 6.6 5.7 6.25 11.79 2.910
HG 50 5.1 3.4 48.5 7.7 4.8 3.1 42.0 5.2 5.3 2.55 6.03 2.372
HG 52 5.3 3.2 54.7 8.7 5.4 3.2 60.0 5.2 5.9 4.77 9.96 3.259
HG 46 5.8 3.1 60.9 8.5 8.6 3.4 70.8 6.0 6.0 5.80 12.42 2.675
PALEM 1 5.3 3.4 45.6 10.0 11.6 4.4 83.5 5.4 5.2 5.64 12.32 3.377
PALEM 2 4.6 3.2 60.8 11.4 10.2 3.4 103.0 5.4 5.4 7.92 20.08 3.430
AK 38 6.7 3.4 66.0 10.4 10.7 3.6 156.0 3.9 5.6 13.88 20.96 3.133
G. Mean 53.51 10.11 8.08 3.38 79.34 5.65 5.59 6.28 13.00 3.216
S.Em. 5.99 1.22 1.21 0.28 12.26 0.19 0.17 0.29 0.43 0.089
S.Ed. 8.47 1.72 1.71 0.40 17.33 0.26 0.24 0.41 0.60 0.126
C.D. (5%) 17.53 3.57 3.55 0.82 35.88 0.55 0.49 0.84 1.25 0.260
C.V. (%) 15.83 17.05 21.23 11.78 21.85 4.66 4.24 6.45 4.63 3.905
Range 36.9 –
66.0
7.7 –
12.4
4.8 –
11.7
2.1 –
4.4
31.6 –
156.0
3.9 –
6.6
4.7 –
6.4
2.55 –
13.88
6.03 –
21.98
2.372
–
3.745
TABLE 1a: Yield and yield component characters for different accessions of horse gram during Rabi, 2008-09.
confirmed by the presence of maximum inter cluster
genetic distance between two horse gram accessions
i.e. HG 11 and HG 50. Surender et al. (2009)
identified two elite hybrids, HM 4 and HQPM 1 in
maize for baby corn purpose and these were found
superior for most of the important productivity traits
for cultivation viz., husked cob yield plant1
, de husked
cob yield plant1
, number of cobs picked plant 1
and
fodder yield plant 1
. Thus in the present study, HG
11 possessed majority of the desirable traits for
attaining higher productivity in horse gram.
The next best lines are AK 38 (6 productive
traits), Palem 2 (5 productive traits), HG 32 (6
productive traits) and HG 35 (5 productive traits).
Of the four lines AK 38, Palem 2 and HG 32 were
found to possess good performance for majority of
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TABLE 1b: Seed quality parameters for different accessions of horse gram during Rabi, 2008 - 09
Treatments Germination% Total Seedling Seedling Seedling
seedling dry weight vigor index vigor index
length (cm) (g) I II
HG 75 98.9 28.09 0.0194 2775.3 1.921
HG 54 99.8 25.10 0.0170 2503.6 1.692
HG 59 99.8 26.58 0.0213 2651.1 2.122
HG 63 99.3 27.53 0.0206 2732.0 2.038
HG 14 99.0 27.16 0.0192 2688.8 1.903
HG 18 99.8 26.04 0.0202 2597.5 2.012
HG 32 99.4 23.92 0.0211 2377.0 2.095
HG 24 92.0 26.12 0.0256 2391.9 2.332
HG 17 99.5 27.32 0.0189 2717.4 1.879
HG 58 96.6 25.64 0.0200 2475.9 1.929
HG 72 95.0 26.46 0.0245 2513.2 2.327
HG 11 99.1 27.38 0.0215 2716.0 2.132
HG 35 96.6 24.45 0.0219 2362.1 2.112
HG 38 98.0 26.92 0.0229 2632.9 2.239
HG 41 99.5 26.41 0.0223 2626.3 2.216
HG 15 99.0 21.89 0.0231 2167.3 2.284
HG 49 99.1 26.47 0.0296 2625.5 2.936
HG 50 97.5 21.07 0.0252 2055.6 2.459
HG 52 97.6 24.60 0.0236 2401.0 2.299
HG 46 98.9 26.03 0.0221 2571.9 2.180
PALEM 1 98.9 28.40 0.0220 2808.4 2.171
PALEM 2 99.5 25.06 0.0217 2491.8 2.162
AK 38 99.6 26.15 0.0220 2604.2 2.189
G. Mean 98.36 25.86 0.0220 2542.89 2.158
S.Em. 1.42 1.46 0.001 150.46 0.110
S.Ed. 2.01 2.06 0.002 212.75 0.155
C.D. (5%) 4.16 4.26 0.004 440.40 0.322
C.V. (%) 2.04 7.97 0.776 8.37 0.720
Range 92.0 – 99.8 21.07 – 0.0170- 2055.6 – 1.692 –
28.40 0.0296 2808.4 2.936
the desirable characters directly contributing to seed
yield, while HG 35 was found superior for those
characters whose contribution to yield was indirect.
Of the former three lines, AK 38 and Palem 2 are the
varieties while HG 32 is a germplasm line which
can be used as an economic germplasm line in future
breeding programmes.
AK 38 exhibited superiority for six important
productivity traits viz., leaf length, plant height,
secondary branches plant-1
, pods plant-1
, pod hulm
plant-1
and seed yield plant-1
. Similarly Palem 2, HG
32 and HG 35 exhibited superiority for 5, 6 and 5
important productive and desirable characteristics,
respectively. In horse gram farmers preferred more
branches and pods plant-1
, earlier maturity and taller
plants together with creamy seeds and good cooking
quality (www.researchintouse.com).
Pod hulm plant-1
is also considered as an
important economic trait as the pod hulm is fed to
the cattle for realizing higher milk production. Hence
this trait is also taken as important and economic
productive traits along with other yield contributing
characters.
Comparison of different horse gram cultivars
across the seed quality traits indicated that
germination and seedling vigor are the important
quality parameters to judge the seed quality. HG 11
cultivar with superior traits for productivity also
exhibited superior/ improved vigor index I, besides
recording higher germination %. While AK 38 (99.6)
and Palem 2 (99.5) were found superior for
germination.
Among the different horse gram cultivars
identified on the basis of important productivity and
quality traits, germplasm line HG 11 was
predominantly identified in the elite category for each
trait implying its superiority, desirability and further
utilization in the breeding programmes compared
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TABLE 2: Top five superior genotypes of horse gram identified for different characters.
Characters I II III IV V
Leaf length (cm) AK 386.7 HG 496.4 HG 586.3 HG 726.3 HG 156.1
Leaf width (cm) HG 494.8 HG 724.3 HG 154.2 HG 11 andHG 584.1 HG 144.0
Plant height (cm) AK 3866.0 HG 1165.4 HG 4660.9 Palem 260.8 HG 7260.1
Primary branches HG 1812.4 HG 3212.0 HG 1112.0 HG 1411.7 HG 4111.5
plant-1
(no.)
Secondary branches HG 3511.70 Palem 111.6 HG 1111.1 AK 3810.7 HG 4110.6
plant -1
(no.)
Pods axil-1
(no.) Palem 14.4 HG 354.2 HG 144.1 HG 493.9 HG 32 and HG 753.8
Pods plant-1
(no.) AK 38156.0 HG 35128.4 HG 18122.0 HG 41103.8 Palem 2103.0
Seeds pod-1
(no.) HG 496.6 HG 596.2 HG 326.2 HG 246.2 HG 356.2
Pod length (cm) HG 356.4 HG 186.0 HG 466.0 HG 725.9 HG 41 and HG 525.9
Pod hulm plant-1
AK 3813.88 HG 1112.30 HG 328.09 Palem 27.92 HG 387.75
(g)
Seed yield plant-1
HG 1121.98 AK 3820.96 Palem 220.08 HG 3816.90 HG 3216.88
(g)
Test weight (g) HG 243.745 HG 153.695 HG 11 3.560 HG 323.486 Palem 23.430
Germination (%) HG 5999.8 HG 5499.8 HG 1899.8 AK 3899.6 HG 17, HG 41
and Palem2
99.5
Seedling length Palem 128.40 HG 6327.53 HG 1127.38 HG 1727.32 HG 1427.16
(cm)
Seedling dry weight HG 490.0296 HG 240.0256 HG 500.0252 HG 720.0245 HG 520.0236
(g)
Seedling vigour Palem 12808.4 HG 752775.3 HG 632732.0 HG 172717.4 HG 112716.0
index I
Seedling vigour HG 492.936 HG 502.459 HG 242.332 HG 722.327 HG 522.299
index II
to the other cultivars. It is also superior for pod hulm
which is obtained as an important and economic
by - product after threshing of horse gram seed and
could be used as cattle feed.
It is pertinent to note that critical assessment
of various characteristics would be fruitful in
selecting most desirable genotypes as indicated by
studies in various countries (Almeida et al., 2005
and Itala Paula de et al., 2005).
In India, a very little progress has been made
to evaluate and identify the available lines of
horsegram for their suitability in the breeding
programmes/cultivation. In addition to productivity,
there is a need for emphasis on seed quality and
also on economic returns.
In the present study, HG 11 was found
superior for majority of the productivity and quality
traits of horse gram and can be used as one
of the parent in the hybridization programme.
Further AK 38 and Palem 2 can be
recommended for cultivation in the horse
gram growing areas of AP and can also be
used in the future breeding programmes for
incorporation of economic and desirable
productivity traits.
Further in view of wide genetic
diversity noticed for various productivity as
well as quality traits exhibited in these
cultivars, they could serve as useful genetic
resources and be effectively utilized as base
material in deriving better and useful
genotypes by hybridization and directional
selection for specific characters in developing
new varieties (Surender et al., 2009).
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