The document summarizes a study that evaluated 23 horse gram accessions for resistance to wilt disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and yellow vein mosaic virus (YMV). Straw colored accessions were found to be most resistant to both diseases. Accession HG 38 was highly resistant to wilt, recording only 0.35% incidence. Accession HG 35 was highly susceptible to YMV, recording 3.93% incidence. Ten accessions including HG 52, HG 46, HG 59 and HG 38 were found to be highly resistant to both wilt and YMV. The study identified sources of resistance in horse gram that can be used for breeding programs to develop resistant varieties.
Thirty genotypes of mango screened against anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeiosporioides ) under natural field condition during 2011-12 and 2012-13, only one genotype Keitt showed resistant reaction whereas, Himsagar and Ostin showed moderate resistant. Gajiria, Kishan bhog, Malvia bhog Kent Lily and Maya showed moderate susceptible reaction. The genotypes viz., Mahmood Vikarabad, Konkan Ruchi, Arka Anmol, Mankurad, Madhukrupa, Alphonso, Ambica and Kesar showed susceptible reaction whereas, Mallika, Vellai Kolumban, Ratna, Goa Mankur,, Totapuri X Vanaraj, Arka Neelkiran, Palmer , Muvandan, Ajod Sindurio , Karel (Reva), Kensington, Bombai and Sensation exhibited highly susceptible reaction against anthracnose of mango.
Bean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causes severe common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yield losses of up to 100% worldwide. Breeding for resistance is the best method to mitigate this problem. The objective of this study was to investigate the appropriateness of C. lindemuthianum multiple race inoculation in breeding for resistance to C. lindemuthianum in common bean. Seven parents with varying reactions to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum were mated in all possible combinations to generate fourty-two progeny crosses. These crosses together with their parents were evaluated in the green house for their reaction to C. lindemuthianum. The experiment was laid out following a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with four replications. The treatments used were: (1) inoculation with race 54; (2) inoculation with race 311 and (3) multiple inoculation of race 54 X race 311. The mean genotypic score among treatments were found to be 1.76, 2.62 and 3.06 for treatments 1, 2 and 3 respectively. There were significant differences (P < 0.01) among genotypic responses to C. lindemuthianum with respect to race 311. The t-test analysis revealed that multiple race inoculation (Treatment 3) had a higher mean disease severity expression than those of singly race inoculations (Treatment 1 and Treatment 2) (P< 0.01). The results suggest that multiple infection had a synergistic effect, indicating its suitability for screening resistant genotypes in the breeding program.
An experiment was carried out in Bakura and Zaria to evaluate heterosis for downy mildew resistance in some pearl millet using Complete Randomized Block Design. Four resistant varieties (PEO5532, SOSATC88, P1449 and DMR15) and four susceptible varieties (BDP1, MOP1, LCIC9702 and PEO5984 were used as male and female respectively. The resistant varieties were crossed with the susceptible varieties using North Carolina design 11. Sixteen (F1) hybrids obtained were evaluated along with their parents for downy mildew resistance, grain yield and other agronomic traits. The analysis of variance showed highly significant difference among parents and hybrids for all agronomic characters. Location × genotype interaction effects were only significant for grain yield and number of panicles per plot. The study selected the best parents that give high heterosis in terms of yield components, yield and downy mildew resistance. Two hybrids PEO5984 × P1449 and PEO5984 × PEO5532 had significant heterosis for 50% days to flower ng, PEO5984 × P1449, PEO5984 × PEO5532, PEO5984 × DMR15 and PEO5984 × SOSATC88 for yield, the best MP and BP heterosis for downy mildew incidence is PEO5984 × P1449 and MOP1 × p1449 for MP heterosis and BDP1 × P1449 for BP heterosis. Correlation among the characters studied showed that magnitudes of genetic correlation were higher than those of phenotypic correlation in some of the traits considered. The number of panicles / plot and panicle weight / plot showed significant genetic correlations indicate degree of correlation with grain yield. This showed that selection for any of these characters could lead to indirect selection of grain yield.
Occurrence and Extent of Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat Cultivars in SomaliaPremier Publishers
This study was aimed to evaluate the disease incidence and severity of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat cultivar commonly cultivated in Somalia. To execute this study, four commonly grown wheat cultivars e.g., edessa, ceyhann99, kasifbey, and gündaş were cultivated in two different seasons (winter and summer) maintaining the good agricultural practices. Results revealed that the highest percent of Fusarium head blight disease incidence was observed in kasifbey (65%) cultivar followed by edessa (40.13%), ceyhann99 (28.75%) and gündaş (13.75%). The disease severity and disease index of Fusarium head blight was varied significantly among the wheat cultivars and the highest percent was recorded on the kasifbey cultivar as 61.63% and 39.50%, respectively while the lowest was observed on the gündaş (13.18% and 1.88%, respectively). The maximum grain severity among the cultivars was recorded on the edessa (4.01%) whereas the minimum was on the gündaş (0.92%). The gündaş was experienced to yield better than the other cultivars and performed better resistance against the Fusarium head blight disease of wheat, however, special intervention should be taken to protect the wheat from Fusarium head blight disease.
Long smut and grain mold are fungal diseases that impact sorghum yield and quality. Long smut infection is most severe in the drier regions of Africa and Asia; whereas, grain mold is the most important disease of sorghum worldwide. In this study, 30 sorghum lines/hybrids were evaluate at the Agronomic Research Stations in Nioro, Senegal, West Africa. Seven lines/hybrids exhibited less than 10% long smut incidence, including AgriPro 2838, and AP 920 that were free of the disease, while NECS 2 had the lowest grain mold severity. The two hybrids AgriPro 2838 and AP 920 may possess genes for long smut resistance and could be utilized in breeding programs for long smut resistance.
Thirty genotypes of mango screened against anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeiosporioides ) under natural field condition during 2011-12 and 2012-13, only one genotype Keitt showed resistant reaction whereas, Himsagar and Ostin showed moderate resistant. Gajiria, Kishan bhog, Malvia bhog Kent Lily and Maya showed moderate susceptible reaction. The genotypes viz., Mahmood Vikarabad, Konkan Ruchi, Arka Anmol, Mankurad, Madhukrupa, Alphonso, Ambica and Kesar showed susceptible reaction whereas, Mallika, Vellai Kolumban, Ratna, Goa Mankur,, Totapuri X Vanaraj, Arka Neelkiran, Palmer , Muvandan, Ajod Sindurio , Karel (Reva), Kensington, Bombai and Sensation exhibited highly susceptible reaction against anthracnose of mango.
Bean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causes severe common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yield losses of up to 100% worldwide. Breeding for resistance is the best method to mitigate this problem. The objective of this study was to investigate the appropriateness of C. lindemuthianum multiple race inoculation in breeding for resistance to C. lindemuthianum in common bean. Seven parents with varying reactions to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum were mated in all possible combinations to generate fourty-two progeny crosses. These crosses together with their parents were evaluated in the green house for their reaction to C. lindemuthianum. The experiment was laid out following a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with four replications. The treatments used were: (1) inoculation with race 54; (2) inoculation with race 311 and (3) multiple inoculation of race 54 X race 311. The mean genotypic score among treatments were found to be 1.76, 2.62 and 3.06 for treatments 1, 2 and 3 respectively. There were significant differences (P < 0.01) among genotypic responses to C. lindemuthianum with respect to race 311. The t-test analysis revealed that multiple race inoculation (Treatment 3) had a higher mean disease severity expression than those of singly race inoculations (Treatment 1 and Treatment 2) (P< 0.01). The results suggest that multiple infection had a synergistic effect, indicating its suitability for screening resistant genotypes in the breeding program.
An experiment was carried out in Bakura and Zaria to evaluate heterosis for downy mildew resistance in some pearl millet using Complete Randomized Block Design. Four resistant varieties (PEO5532, SOSATC88, P1449 and DMR15) and four susceptible varieties (BDP1, MOP1, LCIC9702 and PEO5984 were used as male and female respectively. The resistant varieties were crossed with the susceptible varieties using North Carolina design 11. Sixteen (F1) hybrids obtained were evaluated along with their parents for downy mildew resistance, grain yield and other agronomic traits. The analysis of variance showed highly significant difference among parents and hybrids for all agronomic characters. Location × genotype interaction effects were only significant for grain yield and number of panicles per plot. The study selected the best parents that give high heterosis in terms of yield components, yield and downy mildew resistance. Two hybrids PEO5984 × P1449 and PEO5984 × PEO5532 had significant heterosis for 50% days to flower ng, PEO5984 × P1449, PEO5984 × PEO5532, PEO5984 × DMR15 and PEO5984 × SOSATC88 for yield, the best MP and BP heterosis for downy mildew incidence is PEO5984 × P1449 and MOP1 × p1449 for MP heterosis and BDP1 × P1449 for BP heterosis. Correlation among the characters studied showed that magnitudes of genetic correlation were higher than those of phenotypic correlation in some of the traits considered. The number of panicles / plot and panicle weight / plot showed significant genetic correlations indicate degree of correlation with grain yield. This showed that selection for any of these characters could lead to indirect selection of grain yield.
Occurrence and Extent of Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat Cultivars in SomaliaPremier Publishers
This study was aimed to evaluate the disease incidence and severity of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat cultivar commonly cultivated in Somalia. To execute this study, four commonly grown wheat cultivars e.g., edessa, ceyhann99, kasifbey, and gündaş were cultivated in two different seasons (winter and summer) maintaining the good agricultural practices. Results revealed that the highest percent of Fusarium head blight disease incidence was observed in kasifbey (65%) cultivar followed by edessa (40.13%), ceyhann99 (28.75%) and gündaş (13.75%). The disease severity and disease index of Fusarium head blight was varied significantly among the wheat cultivars and the highest percent was recorded on the kasifbey cultivar as 61.63% and 39.50%, respectively while the lowest was observed on the gündaş (13.18% and 1.88%, respectively). The maximum grain severity among the cultivars was recorded on the edessa (4.01%) whereas the minimum was on the gündaş (0.92%). The gündaş was experienced to yield better than the other cultivars and performed better resistance against the Fusarium head blight disease of wheat, however, special intervention should be taken to protect the wheat from Fusarium head blight disease.
Long smut and grain mold are fungal diseases that impact sorghum yield and quality. Long smut infection is most severe in the drier regions of Africa and Asia; whereas, grain mold is the most important disease of sorghum worldwide. In this study, 30 sorghum lines/hybrids were evaluate at the Agronomic Research Stations in Nioro, Senegal, West Africa. Seven lines/hybrids exhibited less than 10% long smut incidence, including AgriPro 2838, and AP 920 that were free of the disease, while NECS 2 had the lowest grain mold severity. The two hybrids AgriPro 2838 and AP 920 may possess genes for long smut resistance and could be utilized in breeding programs for long smut resistance.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.1
ABSTRACT- Genetic variability studied for eleven characters viz., number of leaves, branches, clusters, pods, pod
length (cm), seed per plant, plant height (cm), 100 seed weight (g), days to flower, maturity and yield per plant (g) in
group of forty two genotypes of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) revealed highly significant difference for all the
characters. High heritability not only guideline for breeding improvement must to associated with genetic advance
expressed a wide range of variability for all the traits. Heritability estimated and expected genetic advance were high
for number of leaves (95.46< 97.00), branches (45.85 > 14.00), clusters (89.45< 92.00), pods (92.84< 99.00), pod length
(88.94< 99.00), seeds per plant (92.20> 32.00), plant height (96.41< 106.00), 100 seed weight (99.22> 72.00), days to
flower (94.82 > 32.00), maturity (56.26> 13.00) and yield per plant (80.13 < 140.00) suggesting that these are more
useful traits for varietal improvement programme.
Key-words- French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Genetic Variability, Heritability, Phenotypic coefficient of variation,
Genotypic coefficient of variation
Genetics of Yellow Rust Resistance in WheatAnu Naruka
Wheat is a major staple food of world population and occupies about 21.8 % of total cultivated area accounting for 35.5 % of total food grain production at global level. Wheat is the second most important cereal of India. India is a major producer of wheat, accounting for about 13.2 percent of the world tonnage. India’s share in global exports during the year 2014-15 was 1.8 percent (Anonymous, 2016)
Host range of mungbean yellow mosaic virus (mymv) and influence of age of see...Jayappa Singanodi
Among twelve different plant species belonging to two families viz. Leguminosae and Solanaceae, only leguminous crops such as soybean (Glycin max (L.) Merr.), Pigeonpea (Cajanuscajan (L.) Millsp.), Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) and French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were transmitted with MYMV. Seedlings with early inoculation recorded highest per cent transmission. 93.33 per cent transmission was recorded in ten days old seedlings followed 80, 66.66, 46.66 and 33.33 per cent transmission were recorded by 15, 20, 25 and 30 days old seedlings, respectively.
A total of 59 converted sorghum lines and 6 checks were evaluated for resistance to two foliar fungal diseases, anthracnose and downy mildew (SDM) in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Farm, College Station, Texas. In 2008, 23 lines exhibited resistance (35%), 29 susceptible (45%) and 13 variable responses (20%) while 15 lines showed resistance (28%), 31 susceptible (57%), and 8 variable responses to anthracnose in 2009. Nine lines SC748, PI534101, PI534073, PI533950, PI534155, PI533802, PI533776, PI533911 and PI533759 exhibited anthracnose resistance response in both years. Significantly a wide range of 8 to 89% SDM incidence was observed in the study. None of the lines recorded SDM resistance reaction in both years. However, 15 lines PI534119, PI533983, PI597970, PI534160, PI570726, PI534161, PI534112, PI576374, PI533753, SC748, PI533991, PI569998, PI534050, PI534155 and PI533898 recorded moderate resistance to SDM incidence and recommended for use in further breeding programs. There was a positive significant correlation (P = 0.0392) between anthracnose and SDM, indicating that the lines showing higher SDM incidence favors higher anthracnose infection. Significant correlation between precipitation and SDM was also noted. SC748 and PI534155 exhibited resistance to anthracnose and downy mildew diseases and hold promise for utilization in breeding programs as potential checks.
ABSTRACT- Corynespora leaf fall (CLF) disease of rubber incited by the fungal pathogen Corynespora cassiicola is
one of the major threats for natural rubber cultivation in rubber growing regions of India. The CLF disease occurs
regularly in rubber plantation during dry period after re-foliation and intensity rise during March to April and subsides
during wet months. Study was undertaken to investigate on survival mechanism of the pathogen in rubber plantations over
the seasons. The results of the studies revealed that the pathogen survived up to 11 days in infected leaf litter and showed
good growth on potato dextrose agar medium. The pathogen was able to survive on intact infected leaves on the plant and
also on plant debris as thick dark brown dormant mycelium under the bark of dried infected twigs.
Key Words: Corynespora leaf fall, Corynespora cassiicola, Hevea brasiliensis, Survival
Genetic improvement for bph tolerance in riceVeer1940
Rice is the major staple crop for about half of the worlds population. It is the primary source of calories for more than one–third of the world population.
The Brown Planthopper, (BPH) is one of the most devastating insect pest which can infest the rice crop at all stages of the plant growth.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.1
ABSTRACT- Genetic variability studied for eleven characters viz., number of leaves, branches, clusters, pods, pod
length (cm), seed per plant, plant height (cm), 100 seed weight (g), days to flower, maturity and yield per plant (g) in
group of forty two genotypes of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) revealed highly significant difference for all the
characters. High heritability not only guideline for breeding improvement must to associated with genetic advance
expressed a wide range of variability for all the traits. Heritability estimated and expected genetic advance were high
for number of leaves (95.46< 97.00), branches (45.85 > 14.00), clusters (89.45< 92.00), pods (92.84< 99.00), pod length
(88.94< 99.00), seeds per plant (92.20> 32.00), plant height (96.41< 106.00), 100 seed weight (99.22> 72.00), days to
flower (94.82 > 32.00), maturity (56.26> 13.00) and yield per plant (80.13 < 140.00) suggesting that these are more
useful traits for varietal improvement programme.
Key-words- French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Genetic Variability, Heritability, Phenotypic coefficient of variation,
Genotypic coefficient of variation
Genetics of Yellow Rust Resistance in WheatAnu Naruka
Wheat is a major staple food of world population and occupies about 21.8 % of total cultivated area accounting for 35.5 % of total food grain production at global level. Wheat is the second most important cereal of India. India is a major producer of wheat, accounting for about 13.2 percent of the world tonnage. India’s share in global exports during the year 2014-15 was 1.8 percent (Anonymous, 2016)
Host range of mungbean yellow mosaic virus (mymv) and influence of age of see...Jayappa Singanodi
Among twelve different plant species belonging to two families viz. Leguminosae and Solanaceae, only leguminous crops such as soybean (Glycin max (L.) Merr.), Pigeonpea (Cajanuscajan (L.) Millsp.), Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) and French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were transmitted with MYMV. Seedlings with early inoculation recorded highest per cent transmission. 93.33 per cent transmission was recorded in ten days old seedlings followed 80, 66.66, 46.66 and 33.33 per cent transmission were recorded by 15, 20, 25 and 30 days old seedlings, respectively.
A total of 59 converted sorghum lines and 6 checks were evaluated for resistance to two foliar fungal diseases, anthracnose and downy mildew (SDM) in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Farm, College Station, Texas. In 2008, 23 lines exhibited resistance (35%), 29 susceptible (45%) and 13 variable responses (20%) while 15 lines showed resistance (28%), 31 susceptible (57%), and 8 variable responses to anthracnose in 2009. Nine lines SC748, PI534101, PI534073, PI533950, PI534155, PI533802, PI533776, PI533911 and PI533759 exhibited anthracnose resistance response in both years. Significantly a wide range of 8 to 89% SDM incidence was observed in the study. None of the lines recorded SDM resistance reaction in both years. However, 15 lines PI534119, PI533983, PI597970, PI534160, PI570726, PI534161, PI534112, PI576374, PI533753, SC748, PI533991, PI569998, PI534050, PI534155 and PI533898 recorded moderate resistance to SDM incidence and recommended for use in further breeding programs. There was a positive significant correlation (P = 0.0392) between anthracnose and SDM, indicating that the lines showing higher SDM incidence favors higher anthracnose infection. Significant correlation between precipitation and SDM was also noted. SC748 and PI534155 exhibited resistance to anthracnose and downy mildew diseases and hold promise for utilization in breeding programs as potential checks.
ABSTRACT- Corynespora leaf fall (CLF) disease of rubber incited by the fungal pathogen Corynespora cassiicola is
one of the major threats for natural rubber cultivation in rubber growing regions of India. The CLF disease occurs
regularly in rubber plantation during dry period after re-foliation and intensity rise during March to April and subsides
during wet months. Study was undertaken to investigate on survival mechanism of the pathogen in rubber plantations over
the seasons. The results of the studies revealed that the pathogen survived up to 11 days in infected leaf litter and showed
good growth on potato dextrose agar medium. The pathogen was able to survive on intact infected leaves on the plant and
also on plant debris as thick dark brown dormant mycelium under the bark of dried infected twigs.
Key Words: Corynespora leaf fall, Corynespora cassiicola, Hevea brasiliensis, Survival
Genetic improvement for bph tolerance in riceVeer1940
Rice is the major staple crop for about half of the worlds population. It is the primary source of calories for more than one–third of the world population.
The Brown Planthopper, (BPH) is one of the most devastating insect pest which can infest the rice crop at all stages of the plant growth.
Breeding for disease resistance in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]KK CHANDEL
The average yields of mungbean is low not only in India but also in the entire tropical and subtropical Asia mainly due to its susceptibility to many diseases causes significant yield losses
Screening of Maize Genotypes against Southern Leaf Blight (Bipolaris Maydis) ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Screening of 20 maize genotypes against Southern Leaf Blight of maize (Bipolaris maydis (Nisik) Shoemaker) was carried out in RCBD in National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Nepal during June to September, 2015. The area of research field was 315 m2. Each genotype had two rows per plot of 7.5m2 with two replication. Disease incidence was taken for three times at 43, 53 and 63 DAS. Disease scoring was done as percentage of leaf area infected on individual plant at 7 days interval starting from 58 days after sowing for 5 times and disease severity and mean AUDPC was calculated. Also the yield was calculated. Shade house experiment was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design with 3 replication on 20 genotypes by artificial inoculation at 3-4 leaf stage with a pure culture suspension of Bipolaris maydis (4x104conidia per ml) .and disease incidence and survival days of plant were recorded. Among the genotypes disease severity varied in the field. Highly significant differences were observed among the genotypes for Southern Leaf Blight severity, Area Under Disease Progress Curve and grain yield. Genotypes with mean AUDPC values from 200-250, 250-300 and above 300 were categorized as moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible. Disease severity was highest on genotype Rampur 24, 07 SADVI and lowest on BGBYPOP, RML-32/RM-17 and RAMS03F08. Highest maize yield (4.44 ton/ha) was recorded on RML-32/RML-17 and least (1.41 ton/ha) was obtained in ZM-627.In shade house, Rampur-24 followed by 07 SADVI, Rampur 27 died earlier and RML-32/RML-17 and BGBYPOP survived to the longest periods after inoculation. Disease Susceptibility pattern was similar in both field and shade house condition. The genotypes RML-32/RML-17, BGBYPOP, RAMS03F08 and TLBRS07F16 could be developed as resistant varieties to Southern Leaf Blight of maize and also as high yielders during summer under Chitwan and similar conditions.
Relative toxicity of selected insecticides against adult whitefly, t. vaporar...Sachin U.S
The present experiment was conducted to assess relative toxicity of selected insecticides against whitefly in the Entomology laboratory at College of Horticulture, Mudigere during the year 2014-2015. Among the eleven treatments, imidachloprid, thiamethoxam and cyantraniliprole were highly toxic to adults which recorded 100 per cent mortality, four days after treatment. Cyantraniliprole recorded the highest adult mortality comparatively early than imidachloprid and thiamethoxam. Fipronil 80% WG, recorded 100 percent mortality five days after treatment which was followed by emamectin benzoate 5% SG at sixth day after treatment and recorded as next best treatments under laboratory condition against whitefly. Acephate 75% SP and azadirhactin 10000 ppm recorded highest level of mortality (100%) at seventh and eighth day after treatment, respectively which was followed by triazophos 40% EC, spinosad 480% SC and buprofezin 25% SC at eleventh day after treatment. Considering the result, cyantraniliprole, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid were recommended for effective control of sucking pests in cotton ecosystem.
Similar to WILT AND YELLOW MOSIAC VIRUS IN HORSEGRAM (20)
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits.pdf
WILT AND YELLOW MOSIAC VIRUS IN HORSEGRAM
1. Journal of Global Biosciences ISSN 2320-1355
Vol. 3(1), 2014, pp. 280-284 http://mutagens.co.in
SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO WILT AND YMV IN HORSE GRAM
K Kanaka Durga, V Sandeep Varma and A Vishnu Vardhan Reddy
Seed Research and Technology Centre,
ANGRAU, Hyderabad, 500030, AP,
India.
Abstract
Studies on the relative resistance of Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) accessions to wilt
and yellow vein mosaic virus was undertaken at Seed Research and Technology Centre,
ANGRAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, during rabi, 2010-11. 23 horse gram accessions
collected from RARS, Palem with different seed coat colours were screened for their relative
response to the attack of YMV and incidence of wilt disease. The wilt incidence was more in
straw coloured (1.95 %) accessions followed by black coloured (1.89 %) and light straw (1.43
%) coloured accessions and are significantly different. Among the black coloured accessions,
HG 75 recorded highest wilt incidence i.e. 3.8 % followed by HG 54 (3.45 %) and were found
to be highly susceptible. Among all 23 horse gram cultivars, HG 15 is highly susceptible to
wilt incidence as it was recorded highest wilt incidence percentage (4.9 %) and HG 38 was
highly resistant to wilt as it recorded only 0.35 % percentage in field conditions. With respect
to YMV incidence, straw coloured accessions were highly resistant (0.55 %) followed by light
straw coloured (1.19 %) and black coloured (2.52 %) accessions. HG 35 showed highest
incidence of YMV with 3.93 % while HG 46, HG 59, HG 18, HG 72, HG 11, AK 38 and HG
14 showed less incidence and are highly resistant to YMV. The accessions HG 52, 46, 59, 18,
24, 17, 11, 38, 14 and AK 38 were found to be highly resistant to both wilt and YMV
incidence. Although HG 63, 58, 50 and Palem 2 were highly resistant to wilt incidence, they
also showed resistant reaction to YMV. Some accessions like HG 54, 72, and HG 49
exhibited high resistance to YMV and resistance reaction to wilt incidence.
Key words: Resistance, Horsegram, wilt, YMV, accessions.
Date of Online: 28-02-2014
INTRODUCTION
Horse gram, Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam verdc.) is one of the most important unexploited food
legumes being cultivated in almost all over the world including temperate and sub-tropical regions.
The crop faces various problems throughout the growing areas, some related to specific regions and
some under wider range of climatic conditions. Among biotic stresses, yellow vein mosaic virus and
dry root rot and wilt caused by Macrophomina phaseolina are the most serious diseases in India. The
yellow vein mosaic virus disease damages the plant by reducing the leaf area available for
photosynthesis and by stimulating leaflet abscission leading to heavy defoliation (McDonald et al.,
1985). With respect to wilt, severely infected seedlings or young plants may be killed or break off at
the infected and weakened portions of the hypocotyl. Lesions also can develop on pods in contact
with the moist soil surface, and cause pod rotting and seed discoloration (Schwartz et. al. 2011).
Although the foliar diseases can be controlled by spraying certain fungicides (Smith and Littrell,
1980) but they are costly and not readily available to the small scale farmers of the semiarid tropics
(Gibbons 1980). Among different approaches of disease management, growing of resistant variety is
the best environment friendly means of reducing yield loss from these diseases (Gibbons, 1980 and
Subrahmanyam et.al. 1995). Host resistance is the fundamental constituent for disease management in
plants. Performance of resistance cultivars is better than cultivars with low disease resistance
particularly in favourable environmental conditions for disease development. Therefore, it is
important to identify sources of resistance that can be used to evolve resistant variety. A little
information is available on germplasm evaluated for dual resistance against these two important
diseases due to their occurrence under contrasting environments. The present study was therefore,
undertaken with the hypothesis to identify accessions of horse gram for resistance against both of
these diseases from diverse genetic resources.
2. Journal of Global Biosciences Vol. 3(1), 2014 pp. 280-284
ISSN 2320-1355
http://mutagens.co.in 281
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Twenty three cultivars of horse gram with different seed coat colours were evaluated during
Rabi, 2010-11 for relative resistance/susceptibility against yellow vein mosaic virus and wilt at Seed
Research and Technology Centre, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad. Twenty three horse gram accessions collected from RARS, Palem were sown in a
randomised block design with three replications. The plot size is 4.8 m2
with a spacing of 30 x 10 cm.
All the recommended agronomic practices were followed to raise a healthy crop. Total number of
plants affected with YMV and wilt were recorded separately in each accessions and % of wilt/YMV
affected plants was calculated as follows:
% wilt or YMV incedence
Number of plants affected with wilt or YMV
Total number of plants
X 100
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Wilt incidence:
Wilt incidence among twenty three accessions of horse gram ranged from 0.35 to 4.9. In black seeded
group, it range from 0.95 to 3.8, in straw coloured accessions, 0.35 to 4.9 and in light straw coloured
accessions, it was ranged from 1.35 to 1.6. All of the accessions except HG 15 showed resistance to
wilt disease in horse gram. Out of the 23 accessions screened, only six accessions i.e. HG 75, HG 54,
HG 72, HG 41, HG 49 and Palem 1showed resistance where as sixteen accessions i.e. HG 63, HG 58,
HG 35, HG 50, HG 52, HG 46, HG 59, HG 18, HG 24, HG 17, HG 11, HG 38, HG 14, HG 32, Palem
2 and AK 38 showed high resistance to wilt disease in horse gram. It is interesting to note that all the
three light straw coloured accessions showed highly resistance reaction to the wilt disease. This
suggests that sucesptibility may not be a function of seed coat colour but of other internal mechanisms
that might interact with the pigmentataion process, level ofwater imbibition by the seeds, speed of
emergence and level of root exudation (Lucas and Griffiths, 2004). A major proportion of black
coloured accessions (66.67 %) showed high resistance where as only 33.33 % were resistant to wilt
(Table 1). The resistance expressed by the seeds of cowpea, may be attributable to the presence of
phenols, tannins and/or lignin’s in the seed coat. Darkly pigmented seed coat contains more tannins
and lignins than unpigmented seeds (Morrison et.al., 1995).
The mean wilt incidence was more in straw coloured (1.95 %) accessions followed by black
coloured (1.89 %) and light straw (1.43 %) coloured accessions and are significantly different. Among
black coloured accessions, HG 50 and HG 46 showed high resistance to wilt disease by recording
very less per cent of wilt incidence i.e. 0.95 % and HG 75 was highly susceptible to wilt disease (3.8
%). With respect to straw coloured accessions, HG 38 was highly resistant and recorded very low wilt
incidence (0.35%) while HG 15 (4.9 %) was highly susceptible to wilt disease. Out of the three
accessions from light straw group, HG 14 and HG 32 (1.35 %) showed high resistance towards wilt
disease and Palem 2 (1.6 %) showed low resistance to wilt incidence in horse gram (Table 2).
YMV incidence
Only HG 35 was susceptible to yellow vein mosaic virus among all the other 23 horse gram
accessions. Straw coloured accessions were highly resistant (0.55 %) followed by light straw coloured
(1.19 %) and black coloured (2.52 %) accessions. Irrespective of seed coat colour, seven accessions
namely HG 46, HG 59, HG 18, HG 72, HG 11, HG 14 and AK 38 were highly resistant to yellow
vein mosaic virus, where as HG 35 (3.95 %) and HG 58 (2.96 %) were highly susceptible to the YMV
disease incidence in horse gram. Among highly pigmented seeds i.e. black seeded accessions, HG 46
(0.00 %) showed no symptoms of YMV incidence and could be considered highly resistant. At the
same time, HG 35 (3.93 %) was highly susceptible to attack of yellow vein mosaic virus. With respect
to straw coloured accessions, out of 11 accessions, five accessions i.e. HG 59, HG 18, HG 72, HG 11
and AK 38 were highly resistant to YMV disease as there was no symptoms of yellow vein mosaic
virus on these accessions. HG 14 (0.00 %), the only light straw coloured accession showed high
resistance with no symptoms of virus, where as HG 32 (1.59 %) and Palem 2 (2.00 %) showed
resistance to yellow vein mosaic virus (Table 2).
Among all the 23 accessions, 14 accessions i.e. HG 54, HG 52, HG 46, HG 59, HG 18, HG
24, HG 17, HG 72, HG 11, HG 38, HG 15, HG 49, HG 14 and AK 38 were highly resistant to yellow
vein mosaic as they recorded very less incidence of disease in the range of 0.00 % to 1.49 % only. The
3. Journal of Global Biosciences Vol. 3(1), 2014 pp. 280-284
ISSN 2320-1355
http://mutagens.co.in 282
horse gram accessions, HG 75, HG 63, HG 58, HG 50, HG 41, HG 32, Palem1 and Palem 2 were
found to be moderately resistant to yellow vein mosaic virus disease. Among straw coloured
accessions, about 90.90 % of the accessions were highly resistant to YMV disease where as only
negligible proportion, 9.09 % accessions were found to be resistant to the attack of yellow vein
mosaic virus. On the other hand, high proportion of black seeded accessions (55.55 %) and light
coloured accessions (66.67 %) were resistant to YMV disease in horse gram (Table 1).
From the figure 1, it is observed that among all the 23 accessions of horse gram, six
accessions i.e. HG 63, HG 58, HG 35, HG 50, HG 32 and Palem 2 were highly resistant to wilt
disease incidence, where as four accessions, HG 54, HG 72, HG 15 and HG 49 were highly resistant
to yellow vein mosaic virus disease incidence. The ten accessions namely HG 52, HG 46, HG 59, HG
18, HG 24, HG 17, HG 14, HG 11, HG 38 and AK 38 were highly resistant to both the serious
diseases of horse gram i.e. wilt and YMV.
HG 35 showed highest incidence of YMV with 3.93 % while HG 46, HG 59, HG 18, HG 72,
HG 11, AK 38 and HG 14 showed no incidence and are highly resistant to YMV. Although HG 63,
58, 50 and Palem 2 were highly resistant to wilt incidence, they also showed resistance to YMV.
Some accessions like HG 54, 72, and HG 49 were high resistant to YMV and resistant to wilt
incidence.
Table 1: Frequency distribution of horse gram accessions for % wilt and YMV incidence
Class Number of accessions Total Rank Accessions
Black Straw Light straw
% Wilt incidence
Less
than 2
6
(66.67%)
7
(63.63 %)
3
(100 %)
16 Highly
resistant
HG 63, 58, 35, 50, 52, 46,
59,18,24,17,11, 38, 14, 32,
Palem 2, AK 38
2-4 3
(33.33%)
3
(27.27 %)
0 6 Resistant HG 75, 54, 72, 41, 49, Palem 1
More
than 4
0 1
(9.09 %)
0 1 Susceptible HG 15
% YMV incidence
0.00
to
1.49
3
(33.33 %)
10
(90.90 %)
1
(33.33 %)
14 Highly
resistant
HG 54, 52, 46, 59, 18, 24, 17,
72, 11, 38, 15, 49, 14, AK 38
1.50
to
2.99
5
(55.55 %)
1
(9.09 %)
2
(66.67 %)
8 Resistant HG 75, 63, 58, 50, 41, 32,
Palem1 , 2
3.00
to
4.49
1
(11.11 %)
0 0 1 Susceptible HG 35
4. Journal of Global Biosciences Vol. 3(1), 2014 pp. 280-284
ISSN 2320-1355
Fig 1: Basic venn diagram showing highly resistant cultivars of horegram for wilt and YMV incidence
Table 2: % incidence of wilt and YMV for different horse gram varieties
S.No Treatment Seed
Colour
% Wilt
incidence
% YMV
1 HG 75 Black 3.8 2.19
2 HG 54 Black 3.45 0.69
3 HG 63 Black 1.25 1.92
4 HG 58 Black 1.55 2.96
5 HG 35 Black 1.85 3.93
6 HG 50 Black 0.95 2.61
7 HG 52 Black 1.05 0.74
8 HG 46 Black 0.95 0.00
9 Palem 1 Black 2.2 2.68
Mean 1.89 2.52
Range 0.95 to 3.8 0.00 to 3.93
10 HG 59 Straw 1.3 0.00
11 HG 18 Straw 0.85 0.00
12 HG 24 Straw 1.2 0.72
13 HG 17 Straw 1.4 0.76
14 HG 72 Straw 3.4 0.00
15 HG 11 Straw 1.5 0.00
16 HG 38 Straw 0.35 0.71
17 HG 41 Straw 2.1 2.56
18 HG 15 Straw 4.9 0.71
19 HG 49 Straw 3.5 0.61
20 AK 38 Straw 0.95 0.00
Mean 1.95 0.55
Range 0.35 to 4.9 0.00 to 2.56
21 HG 14 Light straw 1.35 0.00
22 HG 32 Light straw 1.35 1.59
23 Palem 2 Light straw 1.6 2.00
Mean 1.43 1.19
Range 1.35 to 1.6 0.0 to 2.00
General Range 0.35 to 4.9 0.00 to3.93
WILT
HG 63, 58, 35, 50,
32 and PALEM 2
YMV
HG 54, 72, 15
and HG 49
BOTH WILT
AND YMV
HG 52, 46, 59,
18, 24, 17, 14,
11, 38 AND AK
38
5. Journal of Global Biosciences Vol. 3(1), 2014 pp. 280-284
ISSN 2320-1355
http://mutagens.co.in 284
CONCLUSION
The resistant accessions identifies can be use as parents in the hybridization programme for
developing wilt/ YMV resistant varieties.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of RARS, Palem for their help in sparing the twenty
three accessions of horse gram.
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