Bacterial and Fungal CULTURE PRESERVATION.
SERIAL TRANSFER
PRESERVATION IN D/W
PRESERVATION UNDER OIL
LYOPHILIZATION
STORAGE OVER SILICA GEL
PRESERVATION ON PAPER
PRESERVATION ON BEADS
PRESERVATION ON SOIL
LIQUID DRYINNG.
CRYOPRESERVATION.
FROZEN AGAR PLUGS
PRESERVATION IN LIQ NITROGEN
2-STAGE FREEZING PROCESS
It has been developed for the detection, enumeration & identification of bacteria & yeasts in clinical specimens.
It is an instrument used for automatic computer-assisted identification of bacteria
It mainly involves staining, motility test, cultural characteristics, a series of biochemical tests.
The automatic bacteria identification system automatically identifies the bacteria in very short time.
As part of our project on educational technology 3/ field study 3
I am asking for your help with regards to the ppt that i made kindly leave a comment on my presentation thanks alot
Entamoeba histolytica was first discovered by Losch in 1875.
It is worldwide distribution.
It is prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries where sanitary conditions are poor.
In india, it is prevalent in Chandigarh, Tamil Nadu & Maharashtra.
It is found in the colon of man.
It is monogenetic because the whole life cycle completed within a single host, i.e. man.
Fungi are a kingdom of usually multicellular eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophs (cannot make their own food) and have important roles in nutrient cycling in an ecosystem. Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they also have symbiotic associations with plants and bacteria.
Bacterial and Fungal CULTURE PRESERVATION.
SERIAL TRANSFER
PRESERVATION IN D/W
PRESERVATION UNDER OIL
LYOPHILIZATION
STORAGE OVER SILICA GEL
PRESERVATION ON PAPER
PRESERVATION ON BEADS
PRESERVATION ON SOIL
LIQUID DRYINNG.
CRYOPRESERVATION.
FROZEN AGAR PLUGS
PRESERVATION IN LIQ NITROGEN
2-STAGE FREEZING PROCESS
It has been developed for the detection, enumeration & identification of bacteria & yeasts in clinical specimens.
It is an instrument used for automatic computer-assisted identification of bacteria
It mainly involves staining, motility test, cultural characteristics, a series of biochemical tests.
The automatic bacteria identification system automatically identifies the bacteria in very short time.
As part of our project on educational technology 3/ field study 3
I am asking for your help with regards to the ppt that i made kindly leave a comment on my presentation thanks alot
Entamoeba histolytica was first discovered by Losch in 1875.
It is worldwide distribution.
It is prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries where sanitary conditions are poor.
In india, it is prevalent in Chandigarh, Tamil Nadu & Maharashtra.
It is found in the colon of man.
It is monogenetic because the whole life cycle completed within a single host, i.e. man.
Fungi are a kingdom of usually multicellular eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophs (cannot make their own food) and have important roles in nutrient cycling in an ecosystem. Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they also have symbiotic associations with plants and bacteria.
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi.
The word 'myco' is derived from the Greek word mýkēs meaning “mushroom, fungus”.
Heinrich Anton de Bary is the father of Mycology.
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include such as yeasts, moulds and mushrooms. These organisms are classified under kingdom fungi.
Fungi are diverse and widespread.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. Identification of Fungi
By
Senthil Prabhu S.
Assistant Professor (SG)
Department of Microbiology
Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College
(Autonomous)
Coimbatore-48.
3. Mycology : the study of fungi.
Fungi are not capable of producing their own food, so
they get their nourishment from other sources.
(Heterotrophs).
Reproduction by Sexual and Asexual manner.
Fungi have great economic and ecological
importance.
Food, Producing Enzymes, Organic acids and
antibiotics etc.
Nutrient recycle/ decomposer.
4. The organisms in kingdom fungi include
mushrooms, yeasts, molds, rusts, smuts, puffballs,
truffles, and morels.
More than 200,000 species of fungi have been
identified by Mycologists. It is estimated that more
than 1.5 million species currently exist on Earth.
They live everywhere air, water, soil, and on or in
plants and animals. Some fungi are microscopic
and other extend for more than a thousand
acres.
15. Zygomycetes:
Sexual spore are known as Zygospore
Zygospore is formed by fusion of two similar cell.
Asexual reproduction occurs by sporangiospore
Hypahe are generally aseptated.
Examples: Rhizopus, Mucor, Basidiobolus,
Conidiobolus
16.
17. Ascomycetes:
Sexual spores are called ascospore. Sexual spore
produced within a sac like structure called ascus.
Ascomycetes are also known as sac mycetes.
Asexual reproduction occurs by single celled or multi
celled conidia.
Hyphae are generally septated.
Examples: Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium
18.
19. Basidiomycetes:
Sexual spore are produced externally on a basidium.
Sexual spore are known as basidiospore
Asexual reproduction occurs by budding,
fragmentation or conidia formation
They are commonly called as mushroom group
Hyphae are generally septated
Examples: Amanita, Agaricus, Pleuorotus.
20.
21. Deuteromycetes:
No sexual stage is present
Deuteromycetes are also known as fungi imperfecti.
Asexual reproduction occurs by means of conidia.
Most of the human and animal pathogens are
present in this class.
Examples: Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichophyton,
Histoplasma, Fusarium
26. Identification of fungal culture by
Colony Morphology
1. Texture
2.Growth Measurements
3.Center and Margin of culture
4.Sulcation
5.Exudates
6.Reverse of colony
7.Any soluble pigments
27. 1. Texture & Color
Velvety Colony Cottony Colony
38. Color of colonies
Initial color of colony
Color after Maturation
Black, Green, Buff, Gray, Brown, Yellow, Pink, Red,
Orange, Purple etc.
Using Color identification Chart for Get exact color of
the colonies.
42. Colony characteristics on various media
Malt Extract Agar (MEA)
Corn Meal Agar (CMA)
Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)
Sabouroud Dextrose Agar (SDA)
Potato Carrot Agar (PCA)
Oat Meal Agar (OMA)
Rose Bengal Agar (RBA)
Czepek Yeast Extarct
50. Conidiophore : a specialized hyphal branch of some fungi that produces
conidia.
Phialides : a flask-shaped projection from the vesicle/conidiophore (dilated part
of the top of conidiophore) of certain fungi. Conidiogenous cells)
51. Uniserate : Phialides directly
attached with Vesicle
Biseriate : Metulae directly attached
with vesicle & Phialides
attached to Metulae
Aspergillus sp
52. Sporangiophore : a specialized hypha bearing sporangia.
Rhizopus sp
Columella is a sterile dome shaped structure found at
the tip of a sporangiophore
53. Sterigmata are the extensions of spore bearing cells. These consist of a
filament and a slender end with spores attached at the tip. (Metulae+
Phialides)
Penicillum sp
Branches : Unbranched and Branched
69. Conidiomata are fruiting structures (Fruiting body) produced by a fungus .
Acervuli Pycnidia
Coelomyycete
Synnemata (Hyphomycetes)
Synnemata are large, fused conidiophores which form a strand resembling a
stalk of wheat, with spores lining the outside of the structure
73. Two main classes of fungi
1. Hyphomycetes
2. Coelomycetes
Hyphomycetes lack closed fruit bodies ( asexual
reproductive structures produced directly on their
substrate without any kind of enclosing tissue)
Having “Naked” Conidia
Eg : Aspergillus, Peniclllium, Mucor, Rhizopus etc.
74. Coelomycetes :
conidial fungi where the Conidia form in a growing cavity in the host's
tissue. The fruiting structures are spherical with an opening at the
apex (pycnidia) or are disc-shaped (acervuli).
Eg : Colletotrichum sp, Glomerula sp
75.
76. Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage
(morph), typically a fruiting body.
Mushrooms (Basidiomycetes)
Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage
(morph) Aspergillus
Holomorph: the whole fungus, including
anamorphs and teleomorph.
Endomyces geotrichum
78. Isolation of Genomic DNA
Selection of Primers
(Small Subunit RNA 17s & 18s ,
ITS Primers : ITS1, ITS2,ITS3, ITS4,ITS5)
PCR Amplification
Gene Sequence
BLAST (NCBI) analysis
Phylogenetic Tree Construction (Software MEGA 7)
( MEGA : Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis)
79.
80.
81. DNA barcoding
Taxonomic method that uses a short genetic marker in an
organism's DNA to identify it as belonging to a particular
species.
-ITS is short genetic marker for fungi DNA Barcoding.
-16S rRNA gene or 16S rDNA genetic marker for
Bacteria
-RbcL and MatK for Plants.
-COI gene for Animals.
