This document discusses ice jet machining, which is a non-abrasive machining process that uses ice particles instead of abrasives. It begins by introducing abrasive water jet machining and describes how ice jet machining is derived from this by substituting ice particles. The document then covers the ice jet machining process, including how ice particles are generated and introduced into the water jet. It discusses the advantages of using ice particles over abrasives, such as eliminating waste water treatment. Finally, it lists some applications for ice jet machining in industries where contamination must be avoided.

1. ICE JET MACHINING
BY: HARSHITH

2. INTRODUCTION
• Abrasives are used for many applications including cleaning,
depainting and cutting operations.
• There are, however, some applications where the use of
abrasives is not possible. These applications include, for
example, the processing of meat products and cleaning of
sensitive surfaces.
• An ice jet is a non-destructive, non-abrasive, residue-free,
and environmentally friendly way of machining.
• In Abrasive water Jet Machining process(AWJM) abrasive
particles like silicon carbide and aluminum oxide are used for
machining

3. • Ice jet machining is Derivative of AWJM machining
process in which ice particles are used in place of
abrasive particles.
• The ice particles can be prepared beforehand using an ice
particle generator, stored in a reservoir and then fed to
the conventional entrainment based jetting head.
• In AWJ, waste of water is very high as water jet contains
abrasive particles. To reuse the water very complicated
water cleaning system has to be employed.
• While in IJ, ice is used instead of Abrasives. So as ice
melts into the water, water treatment gets eliminated
and we can reuse the water.

4. Ice Jet Machining Process
• In ice jet machining (IJM), the abrasives are changed by
ice particles that form the ice jet.
• Since the hardness of the ice particles are fewer than
that of the abrasives, minor material removal rates are
expected, compared to AWJM.
• ice particles are created using either stream freezing
(<500 μm) or ice particles supply (>500 μm) into the
stream.
• In the latter case, ice cubes, supplied from an icemaker,
are fed to a grinder. Solid CO2 is added to prevent the
crushed ice from melting.

5. • The crushed ice is then fed
throughout the machining
nozzle.
• Prior to the nozzle the water is
also cooled by passing through a
coil that is submerged in liquid
nitrogen.

6. Generation of ice
There are 2 approaches:
 Generating the ice in a generator before
mixing it to the water jet.
Forming ice particles during water jet
formation by introducing a cooling gas like
liquid nitrogen.

7. Using Ice Generator
• Figure shows ice
generation by introducing
the liquid nitrogen to the
atomized water droplets.
• Temperature of the liquid
nitrogen is -196°C.As the
water comes into contact
with liquid nitrogen it is
converted into ice
particles. It is collected
into the storage tank and
additionally cooled.

8. By introducing cryogenic gas to water
jet
• Liquid Nitrogen is directly
introduced to the jet of
the ice.
• Due to low temperature
of the LN, ice particles are
formed into the jet of ice.

9. Processes done with use of ice
Dry ICE DEBURRING PROCESS
• Removal of burrs from edges and holes.
• Where burrs could not be removed with any
other means like filing or grinding.
Dry ICE BLASTING PROCESSES
• Used for cleaning purpose Cleaning of engine
block can be done with ice blasting process
effectively Blasting process

10. APPLICATIONS
• The ice jet can be used for either initial or final
cleaning, and for numerous critical and non critical
cleaning applications in the semiconductor, disk
drive, vacuum technologies, surface science, surface
analysis, optical, medical, automotive, analytical
instrument, and manufacturing industries.
• IJM is used in the food, electronic, medical, and
space industries where contamination is impossible.

11. ADVANTAGES
 Environmentally safe
 Cost reduction
 No heat affected zone
 Low cost of operation

12. THANK YOU