Aquaculture- Opportunities for the 21st century
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Presentation made during an joint event organised by Singapore Institute of Engineering Technologists and Institution of Aquaculture Singapore at siet@scwo waterloo on 21/6/2014
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Coldwater fisheries in India
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Alkalosis in Fish
Alkalosis occurs when the pH of water becomes too basic, increasing above the level fish can tolerate. There are two types of alkalosis - metabolic, caused by losing too much acid or gaining too much base, and respiratory, caused by decreased carbon dioxide levels leading to hyperventilation. Symptoms include ragged fins, gray spots on the head, excited behavior, loss of balance, red spots under the skin, and red/brown gills. Alkalosis is prevented by controlling pH through the addition of alum or cow dung, timely water changes, and using driftwood or almond leaves.
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The document outlines different culture methods for green mussels including bottom culture, intertidal culture using racks, stakes, trays, and poles, as well as deep water culture using rafts and long-lines. It discusses considerations for site selection such as shelter, water quality, and bottom type. The biology of the green mussel is summarized, including its lifecycle, growth rates, and sexual maturity. Overall, the document introduces various techniques for farming green mussels from collection of spat to harvesting.
Basics of aquaculture – definition
This document defines aquaculture as the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic plants. It involves interventions like regular stocking, feeding, and protection from predators to enhance production. India has a long coastline and extensive water resources that are well suited for aquaculture. The purpose of aquaculture includes increasing food production and income, as well as generating employment. There are various types of aquaculture defined by factors like the water system used, type of water, stocking combinations, and integration with other farming systems.
Coldwater fisheries in India
This document discusses cold water fisheries in India. It describes the temperature range for cold water fisheries (5-25°C) and notes that states like Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand are well-suited for cold water fisheries. It identifies important cold water fish species in India like various types of mahseer and trout. Mahseer can grow up to 1.5 meters long and breed from July to September. Trout generally feed on other fish and aquatic invertebrates. Cold water fisheries provide income, employment, and food for local populations and have significant potential to contribute to India's fisheries sector and economy.
Alkalosis in Fish
Alkalosis occurs when the pH of water becomes too basic, increasing above the level fish can tolerate. There are two types of alkalosis - metabolic, caused by losing too much acid or gaining too much base, and respiratory, caused by decreased carbon dioxide levels leading to hyperventilation. Symptoms include ragged fins, gray spots on the head, excited behavior, loss of balance, red spots under the skin, and red/brown gills. Alkalosis is prevented by controlling pH through the addition of alum or cow dung, timely water changes, and using driftwood or almond leaves.
Tagging methods for stock assessment and research in fisheries
This document discusses fish tagging methods used for fisheries research and management. It outlines the objectives of fish tagging programs which include assessing past, present and future uses of tags as well as improving tagging methodology. The document describes various tag and mark types including their advantages and disadvantages. Internal and external tags are discussed. Recommendations are made to improve tagging programs through training, low-cost tags, and electronic tagging. The conclusion states that fish tagging is a fundamental tool that allows biologists to gather various information for fisheries.
Organic aquaponics & organic aquaculture
This document presents information on organic aquaculture and aquaponics from a student presentation. It defines organic aquaculture according to IFOAM standards and discusses the differences between conventional and organic aquaculture systems. Specifically, it notes that organic aquaculture uses closed systems, avoids GMOs and antibiotics, relies on biological pest control, and aims to recycle nutrients and water. It then describes the components and functioning of a recirculating aquaculture system. Additional sections cover organic fish feeds, integrated organic aquaculture methods like aquaponics and fish-paddy culture, and case studies on the economic viability and costs of organic carp farming.
Community based fisheries management in Cambodia.
The community-based fisheries management (CBFM) in Cambodia aims to promote the sustainable fisheries resource management by the empowerment of fisher’s communities to manage their own aquatic resource. This paper describes the challenging of fisheries communities’ implementation: case study in Cambodia and the most important insight in the advocated practical issues that impact on their social livelihood. In addition, this lesson is aimed to gain a better understanding of function in CBFM in Cambodia in general, with particular emphasis the way forward successful of CBFM. The absence of sustainable management and ineffective enforcement of regulation lead to overfishing. The illegal fishing and encroachment of flood plain forest as private possession, other developments still exist including possible accessing of outsider fisher. Mostly CBFM still depends on external support combine with the short budget and no regular incentive resource. The understanding of fishermen and good leadership as well as capacity building initiative which focus on leadership development which is personnel investment and including effort of women involvement. The collaboration between government agencies and community committee are weak including the right of individual participation as co-management actor in community fisheries decision making processes. In addition, CBFM lacks in action plan, and cooperation of competent authority which is essential for the progress of implementation of fisheries management. We need to promote regional, national and sub-nation networking on implement community fisheries (Cfi) activities by their own initiative and self-financial creation. Law on fisheries and sub-degree on Cfi management should amendment for empowerment and promote the right based approached.
Feeding habit in fish
This document discusses the feeding habits of fish. It begins by defining feeding habit as the kind of food an animal habitually consumes during its life or at a particular stage. It then describes different modes of feeding such as herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, and limnivores. The document highlights that understanding the feeding habits of fish is important for polyculture systems. It also discusses the major types of feeding like grazing, predation, straining, sucking, and parasitism. Finally, it provides examples of different mouth structures in fish and how they relate to the fish's diet.
Grey mullet culture
- Mugil cephalus, commonly known as the striped mullet, is an euryhaline fish that is cultured alone or with other fish species like tilapia.
- Grey mullet has been farmed for centuries in extensive and semi-intensive ponds in places like the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Egypt.
- Major producing countries include Italy, Israel, Egypt, Mexico, Peru, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Mullet is found worldwide in coastal waters except for some regions in the Americas.
Biofloc Technology
Biofloc technology (BFT) is a technique used in aquaculture to balance carbon and nitrogen in a system using microbial aggregates called biofloc. The biofloc provides protein, lipids, amino acids, and fatty acids to fish. BFT aims to produce more aquaculture with minimum land and water usage through sustainable, environmentally-friendly systems. It involves limiting water exchange so organic residues accumulate and bacteria thrive, controlling water quality. Fish consume the bacteria while feed is recycled. The process requires high stocking density, aeration, lined ponds, and suitable feeding to develop biofloc over 7-15 days until it reaches the desired density above 10ml/l, at which point fish are introduced
Biofloc Technology in aquaculture
The document discusses biofloc technology (BFT), which uses bacteria to control water quality in aquaculture. BFT balances carbon and nitrogen to form protein-rich flocs that fish and shrimp can eat. BFT allows high stocking densities in a sustainable way by recycling nutrients. It has benefits for nursery, grow-out, and breeding phases of aquaculture and may provide an alternative protein source. BFT also shows potential for controlling disease through quorum sensing disruption and immune stimulation.
Integrated fisheries management i
This document discusses integrated fisheries management. It begins by outlining the importance of fish and fishing throughout human civilization. Fisheries are described as renewable natural resources that are mobile and provide important sources of nutrition, employment, and economic benefits. However, many fisheries are now overexploited due to factors like overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change. The document then discusses the need for fisheries management to sustain fishing livelihoods and resources. Approaches to fisheries management include ecosystem-based management, community-based co-management, and establishing marine protected areas. The goal of integrated fisheries management is to balance the biological, economic, and social aspects of fisheries for long-term sustainability.
The way to sustainable aquaculture
This presentation gives an overview of various aspects relevant to sustainable aquaculture. it consists of 3 sections:
- what is aquaculture
- threats, challenges & opportunities
- conclusions
Fisheries and aquaculture sectors in Bangladesh: an overview of the present s...
Fisheries sector in Bangladesh represents as one of the most productive and dynamic sectors in the country. This sector plays a significant role in food security, employment, and foreign exchange earnings in the economy. At present agricultural transformation is taking place in Bangladesh. With the changes of farming system, farmers have started to shift their crop land to aquaculture as they considered it more profitable compared to rice production. The production of inland fisheries represents an increasing trend since 1989-90 with a growth rate of around 5-7%. Similarly, marine fisheries have also shown an increasing trend while a fluctuated growth rate has emerged in this sub sector. The fisheries sector in the 21st century is facing the challenges of food security for the increasing population, habitat degradation, urbanization, and industrial development. Development of responsible fisheries management and optimal use of water bodies can address those challenges. Since fishery is a productive growth sector in Bangladesh, it has high potential to contribute in the socioeconomic development of the country.
Food and feeding in fishes
This document discusses the natural food and feeding habits of fishes. It covers different types of plankton, benthos, and detritus that serve as food sources for fishes based on their ecological niche. Various feeding classifications are described, including feeding types, trophic niches, and quantitative analyses of gut content. Structural modifications in fishes related to their different feeding habits are also mentioned.
Role of carbohydrate in fish feed
This document discusses carbohydrates as a nutrient for fish. It begins by defining nutrients and describing the six major nutrient types, including carbohydrates. It then discusses carbohydrate digestion in fish and the factors that affect carbohydrate digestibility. While carbohydrates provide a cheap source of energy for fish feeds, their utilization depends on the fish species. The document concludes by listing the carbohydrate content of various fish feeds and restating that carbohydrates serve as an energy source for fish growth.
Seminar
This document summarizes a presentation on biofloc technology given by Mr. Tarang Kumar Shah for his PhD in Aquaculture. It discusses how biofloc technology works by balancing carbon and nitrogen to form protein-rich flocs that maintain water quality. It also outlines the history and mechanisms of biofloc formation, factors influencing flocs, and applications of biofloc technology in aquaculture including shrimp and fish farming, nursery and grow-out phases, and its potential benefits for aquaponics and breeding.
Recirculating Aquaculture System
A Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System, also known as a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), is a modern and sustainable approach to fish farming that minimizes water usage by continuously recycling and treating the water within a closed system. In this system, water is reused and treated to maintain optimal water quality for fish while reducing the environmental impact associated with traditional aquaculture methods.
The key components of a minimal water exchange aquaculture system include:
1. Fish Tanks: These are the primary units where fish are raised. The tanks are designed to provide suitable conditions for fish growth, such as appropriate water depth, temperature, and oxygen levels.
2. Filtration System: RAS incorporates various filtration components to remove solid waste, excess nutrients, and harmful substances from the water. Mechanical filters remove large particles, while biological filters foster beneficial bacteria that convert toxic ammonia into less harmful substances.
3. Water Treatment: Water treatment technologies, such as UV sterilization or ozonation, are used to control pathogens and maintain water quality within acceptable parameters. These methods help to ensure a healthy environment for the fish.
4. Oxygenation: Adequate oxygen levels are critical for fish health. RAS employs techniques such as aerators, oxygen injectors, or oxygen cones to maintain dissolved oxygen levels throughout the system.
5. Monitoring and Control: RAS relies on advanced monitoring and control systems to continuously measure and regulate parameters such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and water flow. This ensures optimal conditions for fish growth and allows for timely adjustments if any deviations occur.
The benefits of a Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System (RAS) include:
1. Water Conservation: RAS significantly reduces water consumption by recycling and reusing water within the system. It helps conserve this valuable resource and minimizes the environmental impact associated with traditional aquaculture, which often requires large amounts of freshwater usage.
2. Improved Water Quality: The water in a RAS undergoes thorough filtration and treatment, resulting in high-quality water conditions for the fish. By removing waste and controlling water parameters, RAS helps minimize the risk of disease outbreaks and promotes optimal fish health.
3. Reduced Environmental Impact: The closed-loop nature of RAS prevents the release of excess nutrients and waste into the surrounding environment, minimizing the impact on natural ecosystems and reducing the risk of pollution.
4. Increased Production Density: RAS allows for higher stocking densities compared to traditional aquaculture systems. The controlled environment and efficient waste management of RAS enable farmers to maximize production within a smaller footprint.
5. Disease Control: The controlled and isolated environment of RAS helps minimize the risk of disease transmission
Green technology in aquaculture
Dr. P.K. Pandey is the major advisor and Dean of CAU. The document discusses the impacts of aquaculture including antibiotic resistance, habitat degradation, and pollution. It then proposes various green technologies to mitigate these impacts such as environmentally friendly feeds that reduce nitrogen loads, biopesticides and phytotherapies derived from plants as alternatives to chemicals, and biofertilizers using nitrogen-fixing bacteria to replace inorganic fertilizers. The goal is to develop sustainable aquaculture practices that safeguard resources for future generations.
biofloc.pptx
The biofloc is a protein-rich aggregate of organic material and microorganisms that forms in aquaculture systems. Biofloc technology maintains water quality and provides nutrients by balancing carbon and nitrogen through the addition of carbon sources like molasses. It has been successfully used in tilapia and shrimp farming and allows for high stocking densities through natural water treatment. Key factors that must be controlled include carbon to nitrogen ratio, dissolved oxygen, pH, and ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels.
Fish morphology - fish fins
Fins are the most distinctive morphological features of fish and they plays a predominant role for locomotion of fish under the water. It is important to know how many kinds of fins are present and their precise functions.
Culture of mud crab
The document provides information on the culture of mud crabs. It discusses the scientific classification of mud crabs, their biology, hatchery technology, and culture methods. Mud crabs can be cultured through monoculture or polyculture. They reach market size within 6 months when cultured and common diseases include white spot disease and bacterial shell diseases. The document concludes that mud crab farming is becoming popular due to demand and provides alternative livelihood opportunities through crab fattening.
Conventional protein sources for aqua feed
Aquaculture production reached 60 million tonnes in 2010 with a value of $119 billion, contributing 36.9% of total fisheries production. Over 46% of aquaculture depends on external feed inputs which are expensive. Fishmeal is the major protein source but supplies are limited and prices are high, creating an urgent need to find alternative protein sources like animal byproducts, plant proteins from soy, corn and oilseeds, and microbial sources like algae and yeast. Sustainable aquaculture feed development must consider economics, local ingredients, research, and small farmers.
FISH REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
Fish reproduction typically involves external fertilization of eggs and sperm. There are three main modes of sexual reproduction: egg-laying, live-bearing with no maternal nourishment, and live-bearing with maternal nourishment. Development stages include eggs, embryos that depend on yolk or maternal nourishment, larvae that are not fully functional, juveniles that are small but functional, and reproductively mature adults. Fish development can be indirect with distinct larval stages, intermediate with embryonic yolk stage and little larval period, or direct with juveniles resembling miniature adults.
Recirculation in fish
The document discusses the application of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in fish farming. RAS filter and recycle water from fish tanks through a treatment process before returning it to the tanks. This allows for high fish stocking densities while using little water. Key components of RAS include fish tanks, mechanical and biological filtration to remove waste, and oxygenation. RAS provide environmental and production benefits over other systems but also have higher capital and operating costs due to the water treatment infrastructure required.
Broodstock And Hatchery Management Of Penaeus Monodon
Shrimp aquaculture is an important and valuable production sector that has been growing rapidly over the past two decades. Success is largely based on the quality of post larvae, particularly their health condition, thus making hatchery production of quality post larvae crucial to the sector’s sustainability. Vietnam is the leading producer of black tiger shrimp in the world with a production of 300,000 tons in 2011, followed by India and Indonesia with a production of 187,900 tons and 126,200 tons respectively.
Major contribution of the tiger shrimp to global shrimp production and the economic losses resulting from disease outbreaks, it is essential that the shrimp-farming sector invest in good management practices for the production of healthy and quality seed. The Indian shrimp hatchery industry has established a detailed guidance and protocols for improving the productivity, health management, biosecurity and sustainability of the sector. Following a brief review of shrimp hatchery development in India, the major requirements for hatchery production are discussed under the headings: infrastructure, facility maintenance, inlet water quality and treatment, wastewater treatment, biosecurity, standard operating procedures (SOPS), the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) approach, chemical use during the hatchery production process and health assessment. Pre-spawning procedures include the use of wild, domesticated and specific pathogen free/ specific pathogen resistant (SPF/SPR) broodstock, broodstock selection and holding techniques, transport, utilization, health screening, maturation, nutrition and spawning, egg hatching; nauplius selection, egg/ nauplius disinfection and washing and holding, disease testing and transportation of nauplii. Post-spawning procedures include: larval-rearing unit preparation, larval rearing/health management, larval nutrition and feed management, important larval diseases, quality testing/selection of PL for stocking, PL harvest and transportation, nursery rearing and record keeping.
Informatique Quantique
L’informatique quantique est un domaine qui est encore à ses premiers pas. - L’intrication, la téléportation et la cryptographie semblent être encore de la fiction pour certain. - Ces théorie ont déjà été mise en œuvre expérimentalement, grâce à l’utilisation des photons et de spins nucléaire. - Les recherches poursuivront afin de créer un ordinateur quantique viable.
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Community based fisheries management in Cambodia.
The community-based fisheries management (CBFM) in Cambodia aims to promote the sustainable fisheries resource management by the empowerment of fisher’s communities to manage their own aquatic resource. This paper describes the challenging of fisheries communities’ implementation: case study in Cambodia and the most important insight in the advocated practical issues that impact on their social livelihood. In addition, this lesson is aimed to gain a better understanding of function in CBFM in Cambodia in general, with particular emphasis the way forward successful of CBFM. The absence of sustainable management and ineffective enforcement of regulation lead to overfishing. The illegal fishing and encroachment of flood plain forest as private possession, other developments still exist including possible accessing of outsider fisher. Mostly CBFM still depends on external support combine with the short budget and no regular incentive resource. The understanding of fishermen and good leadership as well as capacity building initiative which focus on leadership development which is personnel investment and including effort of women involvement. The collaboration between government agencies and community committee are weak including the right of individual participation as co-management actor in community fisheries decision making processes. In addition, CBFM lacks in action plan, and cooperation of competent authority which is essential for the progress of implementation of fisheries management. We need to promote regional, national and sub-nation networking on implement community fisheries (Cfi) activities by their own initiative and self-financial creation. Law on fisheries and sub-degree on Cfi management should amendment for empowerment and promote the right based approached.
Feeding habit in fish
This document discusses the feeding habits of fish. It begins by defining feeding habit as the kind of food an animal habitually consumes during its life or at a particular stage. It then describes different modes of feeding such as herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, and limnivores. The document highlights that understanding the feeding habits of fish is important for polyculture systems. It also discusses the major types of feeding like grazing, predation, straining, sucking, and parasitism. Finally, it provides examples of different mouth structures in fish and how they relate to the fish's diet.
Grey mullet culture
- Mugil cephalus, commonly known as the striped mullet, is an euryhaline fish that is cultured alone or with other fish species like tilapia.
- Grey mullet has been farmed for centuries in extensive and semi-intensive ponds in places like the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Egypt.
- Major producing countries include Italy, Israel, Egypt, Mexico, Peru, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Mullet is found worldwide in coastal waters except for some regions in the Americas.
Biofloc Technology
Biofloc technology (BFT) is a technique used in aquaculture to balance carbon and nitrogen in a system using microbial aggregates called biofloc. The biofloc provides protein, lipids, amino acids, and fatty acids to fish. BFT aims to produce more aquaculture with minimum land and water usage through sustainable, environmentally-friendly systems. It involves limiting water exchange so organic residues accumulate and bacteria thrive, controlling water quality. Fish consume the bacteria while feed is recycled. The process requires high stocking density, aeration, lined ponds, and suitable feeding to develop biofloc over 7-15 days until it reaches the desired density above 10ml/l, at which point fish are introduced
Biofloc Technology in aquaculture
The document discusses biofloc technology (BFT), which uses bacteria to control water quality in aquaculture. BFT balances carbon and nitrogen to form protein-rich flocs that fish and shrimp can eat. BFT allows high stocking densities in a sustainable way by recycling nutrients. It has benefits for nursery, grow-out, and breeding phases of aquaculture and may provide an alternative protein source. BFT also shows potential for controlling disease through quorum sensing disruption and immune stimulation.
Integrated fisheries management i
This document discusses integrated fisheries management. It begins by outlining the importance of fish and fishing throughout human civilization. Fisheries are described as renewable natural resources that are mobile and provide important sources of nutrition, employment, and economic benefits. However, many fisheries are now overexploited due to factors like overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change. The document then discusses the need for fisheries management to sustain fishing livelihoods and resources. Approaches to fisheries management include ecosystem-based management, community-based co-management, and establishing marine protected areas. The goal of integrated fisheries management is to balance the biological, economic, and social aspects of fisheries for long-term sustainability.
The way to sustainable aquaculture
This presentation gives an overview of various aspects relevant to sustainable aquaculture. it consists of 3 sections:
- what is aquaculture
- threats, challenges & opportunities
- conclusions
Fisheries and aquaculture sectors in Bangladesh: an overview of the present s...
Fisheries sector in Bangladesh represents as one of the most productive and dynamic sectors in the country. This sector plays a significant role in food security, employment, and foreign exchange earnings in the economy. At present agricultural transformation is taking place in Bangladesh. With the changes of farming system, farmers have started to shift their crop land to aquaculture as they considered it more profitable compared to rice production. The production of inland fisheries represents an increasing trend since 1989-90 with a growth rate of around 5-7%. Similarly, marine fisheries have also shown an increasing trend while a fluctuated growth rate has emerged in this sub sector. The fisheries sector in the 21st century is facing the challenges of food security for the increasing population, habitat degradation, urbanization, and industrial development. Development of responsible fisheries management and optimal use of water bodies can address those challenges. Since fishery is a productive growth sector in Bangladesh, it has high potential to contribute in the socioeconomic development of the country.
Food and feeding in fishes
This document discusses the natural food and feeding habits of fishes. It covers different types of plankton, benthos, and detritus that serve as food sources for fishes based on their ecological niche. Various feeding classifications are described, including feeding types, trophic niches, and quantitative analyses of gut content. Structural modifications in fishes related to their different feeding habits are also mentioned.
Role of carbohydrate in fish feed
This document discusses carbohydrates as a nutrient for fish. It begins by defining nutrients and describing the six major nutrient types, including carbohydrates. It then discusses carbohydrate digestion in fish and the factors that affect carbohydrate digestibility. While carbohydrates provide a cheap source of energy for fish feeds, their utilization depends on the fish species. The document concludes by listing the carbohydrate content of various fish feeds and restating that carbohydrates serve as an energy source for fish growth.
Seminar
This document summarizes a presentation on biofloc technology given by Mr. Tarang Kumar Shah for his PhD in Aquaculture. It discusses how biofloc technology works by balancing carbon and nitrogen to form protein-rich flocs that maintain water quality. It also outlines the history and mechanisms of biofloc formation, factors influencing flocs, and applications of biofloc technology in aquaculture including shrimp and fish farming, nursery and grow-out phases, and its potential benefits for aquaponics and breeding.
Recirculating Aquaculture System
A Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System, also known as a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), is a modern and sustainable approach to fish farming that minimizes water usage by continuously recycling and treating the water within a closed system. In this system, water is reused and treated to maintain optimal water quality for fish while reducing the environmental impact associated with traditional aquaculture methods.
The key components of a minimal water exchange aquaculture system include:
1. Fish Tanks: These are the primary units where fish are raised. The tanks are designed to provide suitable conditions for fish growth, such as appropriate water depth, temperature, and oxygen levels.
2. Filtration System: RAS incorporates various filtration components to remove solid waste, excess nutrients, and harmful substances from the water. Mechanical filters remove large particles, while biological filters foster beneficial bacteria that convert toxic ammonia into less harmful substances.
3. Water Treatment: Water treatment technologies, such as UV sterilization or ozonation, are used to control pathogens and maintain water quality within acceptable parameters. These methods help to ensure a healthy environment for the fish.
4. Oxygenation: Adequate oxygen levels are critical for fish health. RAS employs techniques such as aerators, oxygen injectors, or oxygen cones to maintain dissolved oxygen levels throughout the system.
5. Monitoring and Control: RAS relies on advanced monitoring and control systems to continuously measure and regulate parameters such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and water flow. This ensures optimal conditions for fish growth and allows for timely adjustments if any deviations occur.
The benefits of a Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System (RAS) include:
1. Water Conservation: RAS significantly reduces water consumption by recycling and reusing water within the system. It helps conserve this valuable resource and minimizes the environmental impact associated with traditional aquaculture, which often requires large amounts of freshwater usage.
2. Improved Water Quality: The water in a RAS undergoes thorough filtration and treatment, resulting in high-quality water conditions for the fish. By removing waste and controlling water parameters, RAS helps minimize the risk of disease outbreaks and promotes optimal fish health.
3. Reduced Environmental Impact: The closed-loop nature of RAS prevents the release of excess nutrients and waste into the surrounding environment, minimizing the impact on natural ecosystems and reducing the risk of pollution.
4. Increased Production Density: RAS allows for higher stocking densities compared to traditional aquaculture systems. The controlled environment and efficient waste management of RAS enable farmers to maximize production within a smaller footprint.
5. Disease Control: The controlled and isolated environment of RAS helps minimize the risk of disease transmission
Green technology in aquaculture
Dr. P.K. Pandey is the major advisor and Dean of CAU. The document discusses the impacts of aquaculture including antibiotic resistance, habitat degradation, and pollution. It then proposes various green technologies to mitigate these impacts such as environmentally friendly feeds that reduce nitrogen loads, biopesticides and phytotherapies derived from plants as alternatives to chemicals, and biofertilizers using nitrogen-fixing bacteria to replace inorganic fertilizers. The goal is to develop sustainable aquaculture practices that safeguard resources for future generations.
biofloc.pptx
The biofloc is a protein-rich aggregate of organic material and microorganisms that forms in aquaculture systems. Biofloc technology maintains water quality and provides nutrients by balancing carbon and nitrogen through the addition of carbon sources like molasses. It has been successfully used in tilapia and shrimp farming and allows for high stocking densities through natural water treatment. Key factors that must be controlled include carbon to nitrogen ratio, dissolved oxygen, pH, and ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels.
Fish morphology - fish fins
Fins are the most distinctive morphological features of fish and they plays a predominant role for locomotion of fish under the water. It is important to know how many kinds of fins are present and their precise functions.
Culture of mud crab
The document provides information on the culture of mud crabs. It discusses the scientific classification of mud crabs, their biology, hatchery technology, and culture methods. Mud crabs can be cultured through monoculture or polyculture. They reach market size within 6 months when cultured and common diseases include white spot disease and bacterial shell diseases. The document concludes that mud crab farming is becoming popular due to demand and provides alternative livelihood opportunities through crab fattening.
Conventional protein sources for aqua feed
Aquaculture production reached 60 million tonnes in 2010 with a value of $119 billion, contributing 36.9% of total fisheries production. Over 46% of aquaculture depends on external feed inputs which are expensive. Fishmeal is the major protein source but supplies are limited and prices are high, creating an urgent need to find alternative protein sources like animal byproducts, plant proteins from soy, corn and oilseeds, and microbial sources like algae and yeast. Sustainable aquaculture feed development must consider economics, local ingredients, research, and small farmers.
FISH REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
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◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
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4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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Aquaculture- Opportunities for the 21st century
- 1. AQUACULTURE OPPORTUNITY FOR THE 21ST CENTURY Jimmy Lim President Institution of Aquaculture Singapore
- 2. Peter Drucker, Management Guru & Economist, Nobel laureate “Aquaculture, not the Internet, represents the most promising investment opportunity of the 21st Century.” 6/22/2014IAS-SIET TALK
- 3. WHY AQUACULTURE • On the ocean – men are hunters and gatherers • 20 years ago all salmon and shrimps consumed were wild: Today 60%are farmed • The oceans are overfished and yield steadily decreasing returns • At the Global Ocean Summit April 2014, action plan on to navigate the oceans and fisheries management - set AQUACULTURE on a clearer route to resolve the depletion of fish stocks – Árni M. Mathiesen Assistant Director-General of the FAO • “…. The future of our food security hinge on how we treat the blue world” - FAO Director-General José Graziano da Silva 6/22/2014IAS-SIET TALK
- 4. 6/22/2014IAS-SIET TALK By 2011 29% marine fish stocks were overfished, 61% fully fished & 10% under fished
- 6. FACTS 6/22/2014IAS-SIET TALK World population will be 9 billion by 2030 By 2030 total seafood demand estimated to be over 200 million tons (over $1000 billion) As early 2015, Aquaculture is expected to surpass fisheries as main producer of fish By 2030 Aquaculture will supply 63% of the demand compared with 2012 at 42% China’s middle class is expected to reach 375 million by 2025 – greater than the current U.S. population – China is now net importer of seafood Global consumption is 19kg per capita/year (2012) – Singapore 22kg (2010)
- 8. FACTS 2 6/22/2014IAS-SIET TALK Fish now accounts for almost 17 percent of the global population’s intake of protein Fisheries and aquaculture support the livelihoods of 10–12 percent of the world’s population In 2012 provided jobs for some 60 million people engaged in capture fisheries and aquaculture. Of this 84 percent were employed in Asia In order to be sustainable, Aquaculture need to be less dependent on wild fish for feeds There is greater need to introduce diversity in farmed cultured species and good practices
- 9. Global Aquaculture Perspectives Total world production over 65 million tonnes in 2012 Total world value of aquaculture above $130 billion Asia-Pacific dominates aquaculture with 89.1% production. China share is 60% or more 11 of top 15 aquaculture producing countries are Asian Global aquaculture grew 60% between 2000 & 2008 50% of world food fish production is from aquaculture Global aquaculture growth rate is 8.3% 6/22/2014IAS-SIET TALK
- 14. 6/22/2014IAS-SIET TALK http://www.fao.org/resources/infographics/infographics-details/en/c/231544/
- 15. SINGAPORE AQUACULTURE 2012 6/22/2014IAS-SIET TALK o 120 Coastal Farms & 9 Land based farms o Local production 5128 MT o 2 Fishery ports - Jurong and Senoko handling 68,000 MT o Fish consumption 82,140 MT. Imports 103,859 MT o Seafood consumption per capita is 22 kg (15 kg for fish only) o Population : 5.3 million (2012) o Target is to produce 15% of consumption annually (12,321tonnes) o Average price of fish is $10 per kg o Production of fish: Farm Gate at $7.00 could be viable ? o Vertical Farming in Land scarce Singapore?
- 16. Future of Aquaculture OPPORTUNITIES Expanding population Expanding Markets Buy local – Buy Fresh Biosecurity Products Safe Nutritious Healthy Sustainable 6/22/2014IAS-SIET TALK
- 17. Future of Aquaculture 6/22/2014 IAS-SIET TALK OBSTACLES Regulations Technology Capital Sources Global Competition Support for Aquaculture Public misunderstanding Wild vs Farm Raised Environmental Assault Government acknowledgement of importance
- 18. Tilapia ( O. Niloticus) 6/22/2014IAS-SIET TALK Known as Saint Peter’s fish ( Book of Matthew Book of Mathew (17:27) the fish which St. Peter caught was a tilapia. Most important farmed fish of the 21st century Farmed in almost 140 countries globally Second only to carp as a farmed food fish Exceed 3.5 million MT global production in 2012 China produces more than 50% of global production
- 21. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 6/22/2014IAS-SIET TALK