This document provides information on inland fisheries in India. It notes that India is the third largest producer of fish globally and second largest in inland fisheries production. Inland fisheries contribute over 60% of India's total fish production. The document outlines India's inland fisheries resources such as rivers, reservoirs, ponds, and tanks. It also discusses strategies to improve inland fisheries production through better management of capture fisheries and increased aquaculture. Challenges facing the inland fisheries sector include environmental degradation, overexploited fish stocks, and socioeconomic issues for fishing communities.

1. SANTOSH KUMAR DR. R.N RAM
ID NO. 52566 H.O.D- FISHERIES RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(COLLEGE OF FISHERIES)
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2. INTRODUCTION
• India has vast and varied inland fisheries resources. Rivers, streams lakes,
reservoirs, tanks, ponds, irrigation canals, multipurpose dams, and paddy
fields provides an immense scope, perhaps richest in the world, for the
propagation and production of fishes.
• India is the third largest producer of fish in the world. However in the case
of inland fisheries, India occupies the second position in the world.
• There were 32 countries among the 150 inland fisheries countries with
production from inland capture fisheries as the sole source of fish from
inland waters.
• The share of Inland fisheries sector to the total fish production has gone
up to over 61.6%at present.
• There are currently about 1400 inland fishing villages in the country.
• Currently ,aquaculture contributes to over 80% of the total inland fish
production.
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3. Indian Fisheries
Global position 3rd in Fisheries 2nd in Aquaculture
Contribution of Fisheries to GDP (%) 1.07
Contribution to Agril. GDP (%) 5.15
Per capita fish availability (Kg.) 9.0
Annual Export earnings (Rs. In Crore) 33,441.61
Employment in sector (million) 14.0
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4. VARIOUS INLAND RESOURCES
RESOURCES LENGTH / AREA
Rivers and Irrigation canal 1,91,024 km(195000)
Ponds and Tanks 2.14 m ha
Reservoirs 3.15 m ha
Upland Lakes 0.72 m ha
Brackish water 1.24 m ha
Flood plain wetland 0.35 m ha
Estuaries 0.3 m ha
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5. INLAND
• Area under Reservoirs -3.15 million ha
• Area under Ponds & Tanks - 2.36 million ha
• Area under Brackish water - 1.24 million ha
• Length of Rivers & Canals - 0.19 million ha
• Length of the Coast Line - 8,118 kms
• Exclusive Economic Zone - 2.02 million Sq.km
• Continental Shelf - 0.53 million Sq.km
• Number of Fisheries Centers - 1537
• Number of Fishing Villages - 3432
MARINE
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6.  The historical scenario of Indian fisheries reveals a paradigm shift
from marine dominated fisheries to a scenario where inland fisheries
has emerged as a major contributor to the overall fish production in
the country. As seen in the following graph, inland fisheries presently
has a share of 66.81% in total fish production of the country.
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Source: FAO Annual report

7. STRATEGIES
CAPTURE FISHERIES
• Management of stocks in reservoirs
• Culture based fisheries
1.Stocking and selection of right species
2.Pen and cage culture technology
• Ecosystem based modeling approaches
• Fisheries co management and community participation
• Fishing regulations that are feasible in Inland
CULTURE FISHERIES
• Increase in the coverage of areas of ponds and tanks for aquaculture practices
• Increasing productivity of existing water bodies
• Diversification and Intensification of culture practices
• Research support for sustainable ,eco-friendly , and techno-economically viable
hatchery and culture systems
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8. World capture production in 2014 and 2015
2014 2015 Variation
million tonnes million tonnes
Inland capture 11.3 11.5 1.1%
Marine capture (excluding
anchoveta)
76.7 76.9 0.2%
Anchoveta 3.1 4.3 37.3%
Marine capture 79.8 81.2 1.7%
World total 91.1 92.6 1.6%
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• Some notes on major changes in the database, this year all on Asian
countries. Although in capture fisheries their share is not as predominant as in
aquaculture (about 90% of the global production), in 2015 Asian countries
produced 53% of global marine catches and 66% of inland catches.

9. Inland waters capture production: major producer countries
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Country 2014 2015 Variation 2014-2015
China 2,295,157 2,277,299 -0.8%
India 1,255,000 1,346,104 7.3%
Bangladesh 995,805 1,023,991 2.8%
Myanmar 852,530 F 863,450 F 1.3%
Cambodia 505,005 487,905 -3.4%
Indonesia 420,190 457,060 8.8%
Uganda 461,196 396,205 -14.1%
Nigeria 354,466 337,874 -4.7%
Tanzania, United Rep. of 278,933 309,924 11.1%
Russian Federation 254,813 285,065 11.9%
Egypt 236,992 241,179 1.8%
Congo, Dem. Rep. of the 225,608 227,700 0.9%
Brazil 235,527 225,000 F -4.5%
Philippines 213,536 203,366 -4.8%
Thailand 181,755 196,600 8.2%
Kenya 159,212 156,468 -1.7%
Mexico 123,688 151,416 22.4%
Total 17 major countries 9,049,413 9,186,606 1.5%
Total other 134 countries 2,287,397 2,279,169 -0.4%
World total 11,336,810 11,465,775 1.1%
Share 17 major countries 79.8% 80.1%
F = FAO estimate
source: FAO Global Capture Production database updated to 2015

10. Key producers and traders
Developing countries:
74% capture
95% aquaculture
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11. Challenges/Issues/Concerns
• Inland Fisheries sector contributes 60% of the fish production of the
country, and involves around 23 lakh HHs in the country, how to
improve the productivity.
• Access to technical support and regular capacity building to the
fisher folk Generate accurate data on the number of fisher folk
depending on the fisheries sector/water bodies and also production
related data.
• Access to quality inputs in time to the communities like fingerlings,
feed, etc.
• Access to basic infrastructure – such as Nets, Ice plants, cold storage
facilities, market place, Vehicles for transport, landing centres, etc.
• Involvement of women in the decision making process.
• Climate change and community preparedness to adopt the adverse
situations /impacts through heavy rains/drought situations.
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12. Issues, constraints, challenges
• Resources and environment
• Environment degradation and habitat destruction
• Loss of biodiversity
• Overexploited fish stocks
• Biosecurity (disease outbreaks)
• Climate changes (El Niño, ocean acidification, stock migration,
severe weather conditions, etc.)
• Socioeconomic and governance
• Overcapacity (fleets and labor)
• IUU fishing
• Bycatchand discards
• Assess to capital and financial services (loans, insurance, etc.)
• Equity (poverty, forced labor, child labor, etc.)
• Public image of fisheries and aquaculture
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13. .
• The relationship between fisheries management policy, allocation of rights
and the economic sustainability of the sector
• Distribution of margins and benefits throughout the fisheries value-chain
• The more stringent rules for quality and safety of food products, including
for imported products, in several countries
• Lack of capacity in post-harvest sector
• The significant increase of ecolabels and their possible effect on market
access, in particular for developing countries
• The requirement for new traceability systems
• The economic crises and the risk of increased import barriers and tariffs
• Tariffs and non-tariffs
• Importance to have trade in fisheries more inclusive and sustainable
• Distortions caused by harmful forms of fish subsidies, including those that
can contribute to overfishing and depletion of fish stocks undermining
sustainable development
Source: WHO
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