This document discusses Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) from its origins to the present and future. It covers: - The evolution of IaaS from traditional IT infrastructure (1998-2006) to virtualization (1998-2006) to the current IaaS model (2006-present). - OpenStack emerging as the dominant open source IaaS project, though its community success did not necessarily translate to business success for companies. - ZStack, founded in 2015, aiming to solve problems through a well-designed product with simplicity, stability, flexibility and scalability. - While public cloud computing is growing, the largest opportunities remain in private clouds and traditional enterprise IT, which prefer mature

1. Infrastructure as a Service
The Past, Present and The Future

2. Frank Zhang (Xin Zhang)
Founder of ZStack
Email: xing5820@gmail.com WeChat: zhangxin315866
ZStack QQ group: 410185063

3. Cloud is not
everything

4. IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
• Infrastructure as a Service
• Compute, Storage, Networking
• AWS, Google Cloud Platform, Azure, OpenStack,
ZStack
• Platform as a Service
• MySQL, Mangodb, RabbitMQ, Java, Node.js
• CloudFoundry, OpenShift
• Software as a Service
• Email, IM, Facebook, Twitter
• Almost every application can be SaaS
SERVICE is the key

5. Traditional IT ( the past ~ 1998)
Pre-virtualization Era

6. Enterprise Virtualization( 1998 ~ 2006)
Virtualization Era

7. Infrastructure as a Service( 2006 ~ present)
IaaS Era

8. VMWare is still considered as a virtualization
provider rather than an IaaS provider
• Refuse to embrace
Amazon’s IaaS model
• Fragmented production
line
• Legacy burden

9. IaaS is evolved from
traditional technologies, not
an accidental invention

11. Public Cloud
Private Cloud
Public clouds have gotten huge success, private
clouds are still struggling for the market
• Public clouds creates a new
ecosystem and a new business
model
• Private clouds are trying to
replace a well-established
ecosystem
• Public clouds can’t dominate
the world

12. Formed in 2009. Acquired by
HP in 2014 with ~100 million.
Sad story 
Formed in 2008. Sponsored by
OpenNebula System. Silently
alive
Formed in 2008. Acquired by
Citrix in 2010 with ~ 200 million.
Citrix embraces OpenStack again
in 2015. Sad story 
Formed in 2010. Endorsed by
~ 200 companies. The most
successful IaaS project
OpenStack is the winner and lone player in the open source IaaS Field

13. • The community contains almost all
big IT company names you can think
• More than ~3400 code developers
• More than ~4600 mailing-list
participants
• More than ~19,000 IRC participants
• More than ~51,000 twitter followers
• More than ~17,000 registered
community members in OpenStack
foundation
• More than ~4500 attendees in
Atlanta summit
• About ~2 million lines of code
OpenStack is viewed as the most successful open source project

14. • Rackspace, the founder of OpenStack, quitted public IaaS area in
2014
• HP, contributing the most codes to OpenStack, quitted public
IaaS area in 2015
• Nebula, the famous OpenStack startup, shutdown in 2015 after
exhausting ~ 40 million funding
• CloudScaling, Piston, BlueBox, and MetaCloud get acquired
• Gartner said:
 Don’t be blinded by OpenStack marketing hype (2012)
 Why vendors can’t sell OpenStack to enterprises (2013)
 Reflections on the OpenStack Atlanta summit (2014)
 Is OpenStack a Success? (2015)
 OpenStack is a science project (2015)
No OpenStack based products really get success

15. Community success is not
a business success

16. Simple Stable
Flexible Scalable
All customers want is a real product
But that is not easy …
Product

17. Service Providers Enterprises
• Infrastructure is similar to
public cloud
• Run by experienced DevOps
team
• Applications are cloud-friendly
and cloud-aware
• Willing to adopt premature
open-source projects
• Strong ability to customize the
product for own business
• Infrastructure is similar to
enterprise virtualization
• Run by regular IT operators
• Application are legacy and
highly replying on the
underlying infrastructure
• Want mature commercial
products
• Need cloud-provider to
provide an entire solution
Key to a success product: understanding customers’ requirements

18. • Simply copy the AWS model
• Don’t embrace the traditional IT
ecosystem
• Don’t know how to make a complex,
distributed integration system
• Architecture reset is not easy
• Distracted by hardware manufactories
• Committed too many unreasonable
features
• Product is developer-driven, not
customer-driven
• The market is not ready
Pioneers failed not because they lack talents, but because they lack experiences

19. People usually think
technique doesn’t matter,
but it does matter

20. • Founded by Frank Zhang(Xin Zhang) and
YongKang You in 2015
• The first release was on April 6th, 2015
ZStack aims to solve problems by a well-designed product

21. • One-installation in 5 minutes
• Seamless upgrade in 3 minutes
• Full-API delivery
• SQL-like query in APIs with
more than 4 million query
conditions
• Self-managed, not external HA
or monitoring methods needed
Simplicity: the first step to get you customers

22. • Stability is guaranteed by the architecture
• Adding or removing features won’t impact
existing code
• Rollbackable workflows guarantee the
system consistency
• Test-driven development
 ~ 700 integration test cases
 ~ 200 system test cases
 ~ 8 model-based test cases
Stability: the only way to keep your customers

23. • Full-pluggable architecture
• Configurable workflows
• Language independent out-of-process
plugin
• Key-value database exposed by APIs
Flexibility: key to win the future

24. • Asynchronous architecture
• Stateless-services architecture
• Lock-free architecture
• Able to server tens of thousands of
concurrent APIs
• Manage millions of VMs by a single
management node
• Tested with 30K concurrent APIs creating
one million VMs with simulator
• Tested with 1K concurrent APIs creating 1K
VMs on 3 physical machines, completed in
~4 minutes
Scalability: what all clouds will ask for

25. Checkout 16 blogs for the architecture details on http://zstack.org/blog

26. The question you still need
to answer: where is the
market? How large is it?

27. Enterprise IT
3.4 trillion
Cloud Computing
127 billion
IaaS 34
billion
• Cloud computing is still a small portion of
the global enterprise market
• Gartner: IaaS as the fastest-growing
segment of the market: 47.3% (2013),
32.8% (2014), 29.1% (expected, 2015 ~
2019)
• ReportsnReports.com: 42.91% (expected,
2015 ~ 2019)
• Private clouds will be the new engine of
IaaS growth
We all know the opportunity is huge, but you need to find an entry point

28. • Container is not a new technique, but a new usage
model
• Container is considered as PaaS rather than IaaS
• Container blurs the boundary between IaaS and PaaS
• Users of container are different people from users of
IaaS
• The emergency of container is not for the traditional
enterprise IT but for web giants and service providers
• It’s hard to anticipate how it will impact the traditional
enterprise IT
Containers are not replacing IaaS

29. Traditional way of application deployment is installing
applications into operating systems

30. The future is all about enterprise-application store and datacenter
operating system

31. Missing this opportunity will
miss the next 20 years of
enterprise IT

32. Thank you!
Questions?