Hydropower energy is generated from the kinetic energy of flowing water, which is harnessed through a hydroelectric system consisting of a nozzle, turbine, rectifier, and transformer. Dam construction allows for the consistent generation of electricity and the management of water for irrigation, while also avoiding greenhouse gas emissions. However, building dams is costly, can lead to environmental destruction, and may cause geological issues, as evidenced by the Hoover Dam.

1. Presented By :
Digvijay Singh

2. Hydropower energy is ultimately derived
from the sun, which drives the water cycle. In
the water cycle, rivers are recharged in a
continuous cycle. Because of the force of
gravity, water flows from high points to low
points. There is kinetic energy embodied in
the flow of water.

3. Flowing water is directed
at a turbine (remember
turbines are just advanced
waterwheels). The flowing
water causes the turbine to
rotate, converting the
water’s kinetic energy into
mechanical energy.

4. How a Hydroelectric Power System Works

6. It consists of the following :
1. Nozzle : Nozzle is required for high velocity
of water.
2. Turbine : Generally, Kaplan and Francis
turbines are used .
3. Rectifier : Converts AC to DC.
4. Transformer : Used to vary voltage supplied.

7. It works on the principle that when the high velocity of
water is applied with a force on the blades of turbine it will
rotate along with the main shaft. An alternator is mounted on
the main shaft which used to converts rotary motion to
electrical energy.
A rectifier is connected to it which helps to convert AC
supply to DC supply.
Thus , electricity is generated with the help of water
turbine.

8. 1. Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced
at a constant rate.
2. If electricity is not needed, the sluice gates can be
shut, stopping electricity generation. The water can be
saved for use another time when electricity demand is
high.
3. The lake's water can be used for irrigation purposes.
4. When in use, electricity produced by dam systems do
not produce green house gases. They do not pollute the
atmosphere.

9. 1. Dams are extremely expensive to build and must be built to a very
high standard.
2. The high cost of dam construction means that they must operate
for many decades to become profitable.
3. The flooding of large areas of land means that the natural
environment is destroyed.
4. The building of large dams can cause serious geological damage.
For example, the building of the Hoover Dam in the USA triggered a
number of earth quakes and has depressed the earth’s surface at its
location.

10. Thank You