A powerpoint presentation on Hydro Electric Power Plant. Feel free to use this content with proper credits.

1. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
A Presentation,
by:
Ankit Kumar
EE - A [2014-18]
Roll No.: 016
TICT, Rajarhat.
(ankitkumarjha108@gmail.com)

2. ACKNOWLEDEMENT
 I am very grateful as well as thankful to my teacher
Mr. Saikat Nath for providing me the opportunity to do
this presentation, which has been helpful in increasing
my knowledge and clearing my concepts on this topic.
 I would also like to thank my family members, friends
and teachers for providing valuable help and suggestions.

3. What will We Learn ?
• Basic understanding of Hydro Power
• Generation of Electricity using Hydro Power
• Construction and Working of a Hydro Electric Power Plant
• Generation of power
• Types of Hydro Electric Power Plant
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Hydro Electric Power Production in World and in India

4. HYDROPOWER ENERGY
 Hydropower or Hydel-power is
the power derived from the
energy of falling water or fast
running water, which may be
harnessed for useful purposes.
 It is the form of renewable
energy that uses the potential
energy of water stored in dam
or kinetic energy of water
flowing through a river or a
lake for useful purposes by
converting it into other form of
energy.

5. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
 When the Hydro Power is
harnessed from the source to
produce Electricity, then its
called Hydro Electric Power.
 Through Hydropower, the
energy in falling water or fast
running water is converted
into Electricity, without using
up the water.
 The setup which is
constructed to derive
Electrical Energy from
Hydropower is called Hydro
Electric Power Plant.

6. CONSTRUCTION
 The basic components of a Hydro
Electric Power Plant is:
Primary Element:
 Catchment’s area
 Reservoir
 Dam
 Prime mover
 Powerhouse & Equipments
Safety Devices:
 Spill ways
 Surge tank
 Trash rack
 Switchgears & other protecting
devices

7. WORKING
 The flowing water is directed
at turbines (water wheels),
which causes the turbine to
rotate, converting water’s
kinetic energy into
mechanical energy.
 The mechanical energy
produced by turbine is
converted into Electrical
Energy using a turbine
generator.
 Inside the generator, the shaft
of the turbine spins a magnet
inside coils of copper wire,
which in turn produces
Electric Current.

8. GENERATION OF POWER
 The power of a hydropower
plant is generally dependent
upon the water flow rate and
the drop height of the system,
and on the efficiency of the
water turbine, gear mechanism,
generator and transformer.
 A/c the generating capacity of
power plants, it is mainly
classified into three categories:
 Large [Capacity > 30 MW]
 Small [30 MW > Capacity > 10 MW]
 Micro [Capacity < 10 MW]

9. Types of HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
• Conventional Plants:
Conventional plants use potential energy from dammed water. The energy
extracted depends on the volume and head of the water. The difference between
height of water level in the reservoir and the water outflow level is called as water
head.
• Pumped Storage Plant:
In pumped storage plant, a second reservoir is constructed near the water outflow
from the turbine. When the demand of electricity is low, the water from lower
reservoir is pumped into the upper (main) reservoir. This is to ensure sufficient
amount of water available in the main reservoir to fulfill the peak loads.
• Run-Of-River Plant:
In this type of facility, no dam is constructed and, hence, reservoir is absent. A
portion of river is diverted through a penstock or canal to the turbine. Thus, only
the water flowing from the river is available for the generation. And due to
absence of reservoir, any oversupply of water is passed unused.

10. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANATGES
Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Once a dam is constructed, electricity
can be produced at a constant rate.
• If electricity is not needed, the sluice
gates can be shut, stopping electricity
generation. The water can be saved for
use another time when electricity
demand is high.
• Dams are designed to last many decades
and so can contribute to the generation
of electricity for many years / decades.
• The lake that forms behind the dam can
be used for water sports and leisure /
pleasure activities. Often large dams
become tourist attractions in their own
right.
• The lake's water can be used for
irrigation purposes.
• Dams are extremely expensive to
build and must be built to a very high
standard.
• The high cost of dam construction
means that they must operate for
many decades to become profitable.
• The flooding of large areas of land
means that the natural environment
is destroyed.
• People living in villages and towns
that are in the valley to be flooded,
must move out. This means that they
lose their farms and businesses.
• The building of large dams can cause
serious geological damage.

11. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER Production in World
 In 2016 hydropower generated 16.6% of the world’s total electricity and 70% of
all renewable electricity.
 Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with the Asia-Pacific region generated
32 percent of global hydropower in 2010.
 China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721 terawatt-hours of
production in 2010.
 Paraguay produces 100% of its electricity from hydroelectric dams, and exports
90% of its production to Brazil and to Argentina.
 Brazil, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Austria, Switzerland,
and Venezuela have a majority of the internal electric energy production from
hydroelectric power.
Hydro Electric Power generation by countries in 2016:

12. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER Production in INDIA
 India contributes 4% of total Hydropower Energy produced in
the World.
 In India, 25.31% of total electricity requirement is full-filled
by Hydropower Energy.
 As per records of March-2010, 52,186 MW of electricity was
generated by Hydropower.
 Some institutes, such as National Hydro Power Corporation
Limited are dedicated for researching in Hydropower and
making it more beneficial and easily available for our country.
 India is ranked 7th worldwide in terms of Hydropower
Generation.

13. A Final Note…..
Hydro Electric Power Plant has a major problem associated with it
is complexity in making projects and some other technical
challenges. Such as:
• Variability of the sea conditions
• Matching the generating equipment the wave characteristics
• Equipment construction
• Housing and mooring the equipment
• Energy transmission
• Resistance to storm damage
Despite of having some major drawbacks, Hydropower stands as
the most significant renewable energy source. It uses the single but
very powerful energy force of moving water.
By some comparison, it competes with the energy produced by
fossil fuels and nuclear power, but is considered much cleaner and
more simplistic.
Hydropower remains popular even in third-world countries, which
do not have the resources to build expensive nuclear generating
stations.

14. Thanks For
Your Concentration!!!!