2. TOPICS
1. Introduction
1.1 Layout and Features of Hydraulic Power Plant
2. Advantages of Hydro-electric power plant
3. Disadvantages of Hydro-electric power plant
4. Classification of Turbine
5. Selection of Turbine
7. Design of Turbines- Pelton, Francis, Kaplan
8. Drat Tube
4. 1. It is reliable, clean and sustainable. ...
2. It is a very flexible resource. ...
3. It renewable, non-radioactive & Non-polluting source of energy.
4. Low cost of power generation
5. Staff requirement is less.
6. Transportation is less
7. Plant has large life.
8. It reduces the risk of flooding. ...
9. It helps reclaim marshy areas. ...
10. It enhances tourist areas and water sports. ...
11. It protects biodiversity. ...
12. Water carries huge amounts of energy.
Advantages of Hydraulic Power Plant
5. Disadvantages of Hydraulic Power Plant
1. It Has an Environmental Impact. Perhaps the largest disadvantage
of hydroelectric energy is the impact it can have on the
environment. ...
2. It Displaces People. ...
3. It's Expensive. ...
4. There are Limited Reservoirs. ...
5. There are Droughts. ...
6. It's Not Always Safe.
15. Selection of Turbine
i) Large quantity of water available at high heads
ii) Small quantity of water available at high heads
iii) Large quantity of water available at low heads
iv) Small quantity of water available at low heads
2. Selection of type of Turbine based on of Head & Discharge
i) For Minimum discharge & high Head – Pelton wheel
ii) For Moderate discharge & Medium Head – Frances Turbine
iii) For Maximum discharge & Low Head – Kaplan Turbine
iv) For Maximum discharge & Very Low Head – Propeller Turbine
v) For Medium discharge & High Head – Kaplan Turbine
1. Selection of Turbine on the basis of Head & Discharge
17. Main Parts of Pelton Turbines
1. Nozzle with flow regulating
arrangement (spear)
2. Runner and buckets
3. Casing
4. Breaking jet
18. Specifications
Type of Turbine - Impulse (Free jet) turbine
Type of Flow - Tangential Flow
Head Available – More than 250m
Runner shaft – generally Horizontal
Specific speed – 10 to 60rpm
Working speed of Turbine - 60 to 10000rpm
Discharge – Low
Water power developed
Diameter of wheel/Runner
Number of buckets
Number of Jet
Number of breaking jet
19. β< 900, Slow Runner
Vw2 is negative
β = 900, Medium Runner
Vw2 = 0 is negative
β > 900, Fast Runner
Vw2 Positive
Velocity triangles for Pelton Wheel
20. Advantages of Pelton Wheel Turbine
1. Simple Design and Construction
2. Minimal Wear
3. Easy Overhaul and Inspection
4. Low Risk of Cavitations
5. Absence of Water Hammer Effect
6. High Overall Efficiency
7. No Draft Tube Required
8. Suitable for Low Flow Rates
21. Disadvantages of Pelton Wheel Turbine
Limited Operating Head Control: Controlling the variation in operating head is
challenging in Pelton turbines, especially since they operate at high heads.
Limited Head Range: The ratio between maximum and minimum operating
heads can be relatively narrow, limiting the turbine's adaptability to varying water
conditions.
Challenges in Utilizing Operating Head: When there is significant variation in
the tail water level compared to the total head, effectively utilising the operating
head becomes difficult.
Decreased Mechanical Efficiency: The mechanical efficiency of the Pelton wheel
decreases faster in comparison to the Francis turbine, potentially impacting overall
performance.
Larger Size Requirements:
