This document discusses recent trends in automobile safety technologies. It describes several technologies including airbags, automatic emergency braking (AEB), adaptive cruise control, electronic stability programs, and anti-collision systems. It focuses on describing two technologies in detail: airbag sensors and automatic emergency braking systems. For airbag sensors, it explains the ball and magnet type and spring and roller type sensors. For AEB systems, it outlines the objectives to reduce stopping distance, improve stability, and maintain steerability during emergency braking situations through regulating wheel slip and preventing locking. It also notes that today's AEB systems typically use radar and vision sensors along with sensor fusion technology.

1. Recent trends in
Automobile Industry
By : Asst. Prof. Mr. U.S.Patil

2. Safety in Automobiles
1. Air bags
2. Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB)
3. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
4. Electronic Stability Programme (ESP)
5. Anti-collision System
6. Active Passive Integration System
7. Active Passive Integration

3. 1.Air bags

11. Sensors
Types
1. Ball and Magnet type Sensor
2. Spring and Roller Type Sensor

12. 1. Ball and Magnet type Sensor

13. 2. Spring and Roller Type Sensor

18. 2. Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB)
What are automatic emergency braking systems?
Automatic emergency braking (AEB) systems detect an impending
forward crash with another vehicle in time to avoid or mitigate the
crash. These systems first alert the driver to take corrective action to
avoid the crash. If the driver's response is not sufficient to avoid the
crash, the AEB system may automatically apply the brakes to assist
in preventing or reducing the severity of a crash.

21. OBJECTIVES OF AEB
• To reduce stopping distance
1.The road surface type and conditions can be inferred from
the vehicle's braking pressure, wheel slip measurements,
and deceleration rate comparisons.
2.The wheel slip is regulated so that the road adhesion
coefficient is maximized. By keeping all of the wheels of a
vehicle near the maximum friction coefficient, an antilock
system can attain maximum fictional force
3.In turn, this strategy leads to the minimization of the
vehicle stopping distance.

22. • Stability
1.A locked-up wheel generates a reduced braking force, smaller
than the peak value of the available adhesion between tires and
road. A locked-up wheel will also lose its capability to sustain
any lateral force. This may result in the loss of vehicle
stability.
2.The basic purpose of a conventional ABS system is thus to
prevent any wheel from locking and to keep the longitudinal
slip in an operational range by cycling the braking pressure.

23. • Steer ability
1.Good peak frictional force control is necessary in
order to achieve satisfactory lateral forces and,
therefore, satisfactory steer-ability.
2.If an obstacle appears without warning, emergency
braking may not be sufficient. When the wheels are
locked, car no longer respond to the driver’s steering
intention.
3.With AEB car remains steerable even during
emergency braking, and thus the obstacle can be safely
avoided.

24. Today's AEB systems mostly use radar and
vision sensors to identify potential collision partners ahead
of the ego vehicle (vehicle that contains the sensors that
perceive the environment around the vehicle).
Multiple sensors are often required for accurate, reliable,
and robust detections while minimizing false positives.
That is why sensor fusion technology plays an important
role for the AEB system.