This document describes the design of a 40W run-off river generator by a group of 5 students. It includes the objectives, components, schematic diagram, working procedure, coupling methods, and power calculations. The main components are a cross-flow turbine, alternator, pulley system, and frame. Water spins the turbine which drives the alternator via pulleys to generate electricity. The group aims to generate 50-100W from river run-off without storage. Power calculations based on given flow and head show potential output of 176.58W.

2. Design and development of 40W
Run-off river generator

3. Group members
 Jawad Muhammad 12-ee(p)-026
 Mehboob Ahmed 12-ee(p)-036
 Misbah ur Rahman 12-ee(p)-039
 Tauheed Hayat 12-ee(p)-089
 Tamoor Hassan 12-ee(p)-087

4. Table of contents
 Objective
 Introduction
 Components
 Flow chart
 Working procedure
 Methods of coupling
 Power calculations
 Conclusion

5. Objective
 Generation from 50 to 100 watt is the main
consideration of our project as we are dealing with run
off river directly.
 In such cases, the flow of water is not constant .
 The output power will vary with flow of water.

6. Introduction
Literature study
 We are working on run off river and no storage is
required in this.
 It do not have any adverse effect on the environment as
large hydro power have.
 TYPES OF RUNOFF RIVER PLANT:
 Runoff River plants are of two types:
 1) Runoff River plant without pondage.
 2) Runoff River plant with pondage.

7. Our study related to project
 This project may work at the site where we are easily
available with run off river having some velocity.
 This must be provided with a flow rate or discharge.
 No transformer being used in this.

8. Introduction
What is Hydropower?
 Hydropower transforms the potential energy of a mass
of water flowing in a river or steam with a certain
vertical fall(terms as head).
 Hydropower is most commonly used because it is the
cheapest source of energy.

9. Types of Hydropower
 According to the head
 Low head
 High head
 Medium head
 As we are dealing with low head, we use river current
flow to produce energy.
 In low head we do not need any dam or retain water to
create a head.

10. Types according to facility available
 Storage type
 Run-of –river type
 We are working on Run of river type so whole
concentration on it.
 These are hydro power plants that utilize the steam
flow as it comes, without any storage being provided.

11. Advantages of run off river
 Environmental friendly
 Low generation cost
 Easily available
 Disadvantages:
 High initial cost
 Varying water flow

12. Components
The components used in our run-off river hydropower
project are as under:
• Alternator
• Pulley
• Cross-flow turbine
• Belt and gear
• Digital Multi meter
• Thread Rod
• Water guard
• Main frame

13. Schematic diagram

14. Turbine
 Turbine is rotating part which produce mechanical
energy when water strikes the blades of turbine.
 Types
 Impulse
 Reaction
 We are using type of impulse turbine named as cross
flow turbine.

15. Alternator
 Covert mechanical to electrical.
 Ratting of alternator
 Power 500w-1000w
 RPM=1500

16. Thread rod
 Used to control the position of turbine in case the flow
of water changes.
 This is done manually by rotating the thread rod.
 In case the water level increases, the turbine is move
slightly above and vice versa.

17. Water guard
 Used to protect the alternator from the fall of water.
Main frame:
This is the holding structure used to support the
alternator, turbine,pulleys.

18. Flow chart
Normal water flow of
river
Water rotates the
runner of turbine
Runner rotates
the shaft of
turbine
Generator
connected with
shaft by belt
pulley
Generates power

19. Procedure
1. Blades of turbine are moved with the help of water
flow
2. The rotating turbine rotates the pulley with the belt
3. The moving belt rotates the alternator, resulting in
the generation of electricity
4. The electricity generation is measured by DMM
attached or by connectting load.
5. The water guard protects the turbine

20. Simulation

21. Working of turbine without using
governor
 In this project the governor is not use to control the
speed of turbine.
 We are using thread rod to change the position of
turbine according to change in flow.
 This will done manually by rotating the thread rod,in
case the flow vary.

22. Simulation

23. Methods of Coupling
There are three ways to couple Alternator with
Turbine, which include,
 Through Belt
 Through Chain
 Through Gear

24. Advantages and Disadvantages of
coupling through belt
ADVANTAGES:
1. Cheap to use
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Excess flow of water causes the belt to slip, so proper
working isn’t possible.
2. Provides less RPM because more frictional force .

25. Advantages and Disadvantages of
coupling through Chain & Gear
ADVANTAGES:
1. More grip provided by using both
2. More stable system
3. greater RPM produced due to less friction as
compared to belt
DISADVANTAGES:
1. More expensive as compared to belt type

26. Power calculations
 Power= ηρgQH
 ρ= 1000g/cm^3
 Head =1.
 Flow=30liter/sec.
 Efficiency=0.60
 G=9.81m/sec^2
 P=0.60*1000*9.81*0.03*1
 P=176.58watt.

27. Conclusion
• We can get the required output power by doing the
same work as mentioned above.
• The output of the project can be verified by
connecting load at site or by connecting DMM .
• The respective study related to project has been
done.
• Further hardware work is to be performed now in
this semester.

28. thankyou