UNIT - 05 DISTRIBUTION LINES AND TRANSFORMER CENTREPremanandDesai
Code of practice for Distribution Lines and Transformer centre, types of transformer centres -
Pole mounted, plinth mounted, indoor and outdoor types. Determining the rating of
Distribution Transformer. Write Specifications of the Distribution Transformer. Draw the
SLD of a Transformer centre indicating the size of protective devices, Prepare the schedule of
equipments /Materials with specifications for a 11KV/415V,100 KVA transformer centre and
their estimates, 415 V LT line materials and specifications , method of calculating various LT
line materials (only). Prepare the schedule of materials (only) for 3 phase 4 wire LT line,
11 KV HT Line-materials and their specifications, method of calculating various HT line
materials and tapping structure, TOPO sheet and its use, Concept of combined estimates.
Prepare the schedule of materials (only) for 11 KV single circuit HT line for Rural
Electrification.
(Note: HT lines over head type only)
UNIT - 05 DISTRIBUTION LINES AND TRANSFORMER CENTREPremanandDesai
Code of practice for Distribution Lines and Transformer centre, types of transformer centres -
Pole mounted, plinth mounted, indoor and outdoor types. Determining the rating of
Distribution Transformer. Write Specifications of the Distribution Transformer. Draw the
SLD of a Transformer centre indicating the size of protective devices, Prepare the schedule of
equipments /Materials with specifications for a 11KV/415V,100 KVA transformer centre and
their estimates, 415 V LT line materials and specifications , method of calculating various LT
line materials (only). Prepare the schedule of materials (only) for 3 phase 4 wire LT line,
11 KV HT Line-materials and their specifications, method of calculating various HT line
materials and tapping structure, TOPO sheet and its use, Concept of combined estimates.
Prepare the schedule of materials (only) for 11 KV single circuit HT line for Rural
Electrification.
(Note: HT lines over head type only)
Distributed Generation generally refers to power generation at the point of end user or
customer. Distributed Generation is gaining worldwide acceptance due to it’s a number of benefits.
Distributed Generation eliminates the cost and complexity and reduces the chances of inefficiency
which occur in the transmission and distributed network [1]. Basically electricity produced is
generated at large generating stations which is then send at high voltages through the transmission
lines to the load centers and then through local distribution network distributed to the customers at
distribution level voltage. In present scenario there is an increase in demand which is creating gap
between demand and supply to fulfill this gap distributed generation can plays the significant role.
The main reason for the need of distributed generation is it is clean and continuous. Distributed
generation means generating power on site not centrally. Distributed generation is the best way for
rural electrification. This paper will discuss the importance and benefits of Distributed Generation in
near future
here is some slides about floating solar power plant . it shows how a floating solar power plant works.thought it helpfull to everyone who wheresearching for the working of a solar power plant.also included types and basics and kerelas floating power pants
In hydroelectric power station the kinetic energy developed due to gravity in a falling water from higher to lower head is utilized to rotate a turbine to produce electricity.
Distributed Generation generally refers to power generation at the point of end user or
customer. Distributed Generation is gaining worldwide acceptance due to it’s a number of benefits.
Distributed Generation eliminates the cost and complexity and reduces the chances of inefficiency
which occur in the transmission and distributed network [1]. Basically electricity produced is
generated at large generating stations which is then send at high voltages through the transmission
lines to the load centers and then through local distribution network distributed to the customers at
distribution level voltage. In present scenario there is an increase in demand which is creating gap
between demand and supply to fulfill this gap distributed generation can plays the significant role.
The main reason for the need of distributed generation is it is clean and continuous. Distributed
generation means generating power on site not centrally. Distributed generation is the best way for
rural electrification. This paper will discuss the importance and benefits of Distributed Generation in
near future
here is some slides about floating solar power plant . it shows how a floating solar power plant works.thought it helpfull to everyone who wheresearching for the working of a solar power plant.also included types and basics and kerelas floating power pants
In hydroelectric power station the kinetic energy developed due to gravity in a falling water from higher to lower head is utilized to rotate a turbine to produce electricity.
Industrial training report on dlw varanasi for Main Receiving Substation, Tra...Devendra Kumar
Industrial training report on dlw Varanasi for Main Receiving Substation, Traction assembly shop, Maintenance area 2 and Loco Testing Shop(LTS).The industrial training report of DLW (DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE WORKS) is a different trade. i.e. Electronics and Communication, Electrical, Mechanical, Electrical & Electronics and many engineering holders have participated. The content of my industrial topic Main Receiving Substation, TRACTION ASSEMBLY SHOP, Maintenance area 2 and Loco Testing Shop
Image result for hydro power plant in india
India is the 7th largest producer of hydroelectric power in the world ranking third worldwide in the total number of dams. As of 31 March 2016, India's installed utility-scale hydroelectric capacity was 42,783 MW, or 14.35% of its total utility power generation capacity.
Hydroelectric power is power harnessed from converting the energy coming from running water. The mechanical energy is transferred from a rotating turbine to a generator, which produces energy. Hydro power is a shorthand term that can be used in place of hydroelectric power, both mechanical and electric.
A detail discussion on hydro power plant.
It include
Introduction of Hydro Power plant
Elements require for Hydro Power plant
Working Principle
Layout of hydro power plant
Advantages of hydro power plant
Disadvantages of hydro power plant
Thanks
and please share your experience by reading this
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
1. A
seminar on
Practical Training taken at
RANA PRATAP SAGAR HYDROELECTRIC
POWER STATION
PRESENTED BY:
Hemant Shrivastava
4th year, EE
PCE/2EE/11/039
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
POORNIMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ISI-6 RIICO INSTITUTIONAL AREA,
JAIPUR -302022
SUBMITTED TO:
Mr. Nitin Goel
Dept. Of Electrical Engg.
2014-15
2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Classification
• Single Line Diagram
• Feeders
• How it works
• Cut section of Turbine and generator
• PLCC System
• Advantage
• Disadvantage
• Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION
• Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is built on Chambal River.
• There are 7 feeders connected to the Power Stations.
• There are 4 units of generation.
• Each unit generate 11KV, 43MW.
• It operates only in months from August to April
• The generation is decided by the RLDC(Regional Load Dispatch Centre) at
Jaipur.
• General Electrical, Canada is the company of manufacturing most of the
equipments installed in the Power Station.
NOTE:- Pictures Provided in PPT does not belong to the Power Plant
4. Classification of Hydro electric power station.
• CLASSIFICATION BASED ON HEAD.
A. High head plant ( < 300 m.)
B. Medium head plant. (60m to 300 m.)
C. Low head plant. ( > 60m.)
• CLASSIFICATION BASED ON WATER CONDITION.
A. Flow of water plant.
B. Storage of water plant.
C. Pump storage water plant.
6. • KOTA - I
• KOTA - II
• GANDHI SAGAR – I
• GANDHI SAGAR – II
• BHILWARA – I
• BHILWARA – II
• INDUSTRIAL AREA
7. Element of Hydro power station,
1. Reservoir.
2. Catchments area.
3. Dam.
4. Spill ways.
5. SCADA Screen.
6. Fore bay or Intake.
7. Tunnel.
8. Penstock or pipe line.
9. Surge tank.
10. Draft tube.
11. Tail race.
12. Turbine.
8. How Hydro Electric Power Plant Works!
• Water from the reservoir flows
due to gravity to drive the
turbine.
• Turbine is connected to a
generator.
• Power generated is
transmitted over power lines.
11. Spill Way
During the lifetime of a dam different flow
conditions will be experienced and a dam must be
able to safely accommodate high floods that can
exceed normal flow conditions in the river. For
this reason, carefully passages are corporate in the
dams as a part of structure. These passages are
known as spillways.
Function of Spill Way
Function of spillway is to discharge
the excess amount of water during
floods and keep the level of water to
the head of reservoir.
12. ALTERNATORS
WINDINGS
Name Specification
Model 100780
Volts 11000
KVA 47778
AMP 2515
Class 48-47778-125
ExcitationVolts 250
Form w
RPM 125
KW 43000
TYPE Ati
Cycles 50
AMP Excitation 854
Max stator
55oC
temperature raise
Poles 48
13. NAME SPECIFICATION
Modal 101213
Type EVF-8
KW 250
Speed 125 RPM
Volts no loads 250
AMP 1000
WOUND Shunt
POLES 8
DC EXCITER
Mercury Switches
They operate relay and
alarm when fault occur in
alternator
14. Name Specification
KVA 55000
Cycles 50
Output 132KV(star)
Cooling
i. Water Cooler
ii. Oil Cooler
55000 KVA
60000 KVA
Phase 3
Input 11KV
There are 4 Power Transformers in which only one has buchholz relay and other have PVR for
protection
Transformers have both oil forced and water forced cooling system
Oil is pumped into veins within water for extra cooling by two motors.
15. PLCC SYSTEM
132 KV Line Wave Trap Coupling Capacitor
Line Matching Unit
Co-axial Cable
(10V AC Signal )
Panel
High frequency
interface
Difference between
two communication
line –
3.35Khz(Minimum)
16. Image of installed Guide Bearing
There are two type bearings used in the plant
1. Thrust Bearing:-
1. Alternator is placed over this bearing so
the weight of alternator comes over the
bearing i.e. 418 tons.
2. It is combined by 16 curved parts where
each part have 30 springs for sharing load
and vibrations.
3. It is placed horizontally along with
alternator
2. Guide Bearing:-
1. It is placed along with alternator
2. It allows 8 thou* space for alternator
vibrations
3. It is combined with 16 parts. * 1 thou = thousand part of an inch
17. Kirloskar Electric, Bangalore, India
NAME RATING
POWER 250KVA
RPM 1500
Voltage 415
AMP 347.8A
Power Factor 0.8
Frequency 50Hz
18. Supply is
given to the
plant by this
transformers
when the
plant is in
working
mode or
generating
mode
11KV/440KV 115KVA
19. Advantage of Hydro power station.
1.The plant is simple in construction ,robust and required
low maintenance.
2.It can be put in the service instantly.
3.It can respond to changing loads without any difficulty.
4.There are no stand by losses.
5.The running charges are very small.
6.No fuels is burnt.
7.The plant is quite neat and clean.
8.The water after running the turbine can be used for
irrigation and other purpose.
20. Disadvantage of Hydro power station.
1. The capital cost of generators, civil engineering work etc is
high.
2. Long dry seasons may effect the delivery of power.
3. The loss of land under the reservoir.
4. Interference with the transport of sediment by the dam.
5. Problems associated with the reservoir.
i. Climatic and seismic effects.
ii. Impact on aquatic ecosystems, flora and fauna.
21. Conclusion
I would like to conclude that a practical training has been very useful. To learn
about practical and theoretical differences while working on large machines and
real life problems. It also help to get ready for any problem that may occur at
any place and solving it as soon as possible.