This document describes the design and structural analysis of a Pelton wheel turbine blade. It begins with an abstract discussing how Pelton wheels extract energy from moving water using impulse rather than water weight. It then discusses types of turbines and describes Pelton wheels in more detail. The document outlines the design steps, working principle, objectives, literature review, methodology, assumptions, and general procedures for creating parts and assembling the Pelton wheel turbine using CAD software.
Design, Modeling & Analysis of Pelton Wheel Turbine BladeIJSRD
A Pelton-wheel impulse turbine is a hydro mechanical energy conversion device which converts gravitational energy of elevated water into mechanical work. This mechanical work is converted into electrical energy by means of running an electrical generator. The Pelton turbine was performed in high head and low water flow, in establishment of micro-hydroelectric power plant, due to its simple construction and ease of manufacturing. To obtain a Pelton hydraulic turbine with maximum efficiency during various operating conditions, the turbine parameters must be included in the design procedure. Here all design parameters were calculated at maximum efficiency by using MATLAB SOFTWARE. These parameters included turbine power, turbine torque, runner diameter, runner length, runner speed, bucket dimensions, number of buckets, nozzle dimension and turbine specific speed. The main focus was to design a Pelton Turbine bucket and check its suitability for the the pelton turbine. The literature on Pelton turbine design available is scarce; this work exposes the theoretical and experimental aspects in the design and analysis of a Pelton wheel bucket, and hence the designing of Pelton wheel bucket using the standard rules. The bucket is designed for maximum efficiency. The bucket modelling and analysis was done by using SOLIDWORKS 2015. The material used in the manufacture of pelton wheel buckets is studied in detail and these properties are used for analysis. The bucket geometry is analysed by considering the force and also by considering the pressure exerted on different points of the bucket. The bucket was analysed for the static case and the results of Vonmises stress, Static displacement and Factor of safety are obtained.
The turbine capable of working under the high potential head of water is the Pelton Wheel Turbine which works on the head greater than 300 m.
The runner consists of a circular disc with a suitable number of double semi-ellipsoidal cups known as buckets which are evenly spaced around its Periphery.
One or more nozzles are mounted so that, each directs a jet along the tangent to the circle through the centers of the buckets called the Pitch Circle.
For more information, visit https://mechanicalstudents.com/pelton-wheel-turbine/
turbine from the Latin turbo, a vortex, related to the Greek meaning "turbulence is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator.[3] A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor. Early turbine examples are windmills and waterwheels.
Modelling, Fabrication & Analysis of Pelton Turbine for Different Head and Ma...ijceronline
India is a country with huge population and variety of geographical locations. It has many places where high altitude mountains are present and have potential to generate the electricity through Hydro power plants. For high head power projects Pelton turbine is the first choice for the alternators. As he Efficiency is better in the above turbine as the research and the previous study has shown. The material by which the turbine is constructed matters a lot in achieving speed as well as efficiency of the entire system Here an attempt is to model construct the design the Pelton wheel turbine for such high altitude areas on Indian subcontinents especially in north and north east part of the country, some places in Madhya Pradesh may also discovers with such location to create micro hydel power plants. The present work is a combination of mathematical modeling, fabrication of the proposed work, its Drafting and analysis using Creo & ANSY Work bench 12.0 and ultimately forecasting of speed and efficiency using artificial neural network
Design and Analysis of Low Head, Light weight Kaplan Turbine BladeIRJESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- The project deals with the development of the design of low head light weight Kaplan turbine blade. To enhance it's hydrodynamic efficiency by reducing weight, shape alterations, blade angle with combination of materials Aluminium alloy, Structural steel, Titanium alloy Stainless steel. The 3D model of blade is developed using software Solid Works and Analysis of blade is done on Ansys14..
Design, Modeling & Analysis of Pelton Wheel Turbine BladeIJSRD
A Pelton-wheel impulse turbine is a hydro mechanical energy conversion device which converts gravitational energy of elevated water into mechanical work. This mechanical work is converted into electrical energy by means of running an electrical generator. The Pelton turbine was performed in high head and low water flow, in establishment of micro-hydroelectric power plant, due to its simple construction and ease of manufacturing. To obtain a Pelton hydraulic turbine with maximum efficiency during various operating conditions, the turbine parameters must be included in the design procedure. Here all design parameters were calculated at maximum efficiency by using MATLAB SOFTWARE. These parameters included turbine power, turbine torque, runner diameter, runner length, runner speed, bucket dimensions, number of buckets, nozzle dimension and turbine specific speed. The main focus was to design a Pelton Turbine bucket and check its suitability for the the pelton turbine. The literature on Pelton turbine design available is scarce; this work exposes the theoretical and experimental aspects in the design and analysis of a Pelton wheel bucket, and hence the designing of Pelton wheel bucket using the standard rules. The bucket is designed for maximum efficiency. The bucket modelling and analysis was done by using SOLIDWORKS 2015. The material used in the manufacture of pelton wheel buckets is studied in detail and these properties are used for analysis. The bucket geometry is analysed by considering the force and also by considering the pressure exerted on different points of the bucket. The bucket was analysed for the static case and the results of Vonmises stress, Static displacement and Factor of safety are obtained.
The turbine capable of working under the high potential head of water is the Pelton Wheel Turbine which works on the head greater than 300 m.
The runner consists of a circular disc with a suitable number of double semi-ellipsoidal cups known as buckets which are evenly spaced around its Periphery.
One or more nozzles are mounted so that, each directs a jet along the tangent to the circle through the centers of the buckets called the Pitch Circle.
For more information, visit https://mechanicalstudents.com/pelton-wheel-turbine/
turbine from the Latin turbo, a vortex, related to the Greek meaning "turbulence is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator.[3] A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor. Early turbine examples are windmills and waterwheels.
Modelling, Fabrication & Analysis of Pelton Turbine for Different Head and Ma...ijceronline
India is a country with huge population and variety of geographical locations. It has many places where high altitude mountains are present and have potential to generate the electricity through Hydro power plants. For high head power projects Pelton turbine is the first choice for the alternators. As he Efficiency is better in the above turbine as the research and the previous study has shown. The material by which the turbine is constructed matters a lot in achieving speed as well as efficiency of the entire system Here an attempt is to model construct the design the Pelton wheel turbine for such high altitude areas on Indian subcontinents especially in north and north east part of the country, some places in Madhya Pradesh may also discovers with such location to create micro hydel power plants. The present work is a combination of mathematical modeling, fabrication of the proposed work, its Drafting and analysis using Creo & ANSY Work bench 12.0 and ultimately forecasting of speed and efficiency using artificial neural network
Design and Analysis of Low Head, Light weight Kaplan Turbine BladeIRJESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- The project deals with the development of the design of low head light weight Kaplan turbine blade. To enhance it's hydrodynamic efficiency by reducing weight, shape alterations, blade angle with combination of materials Aluminium alloy, Structural steel, Titanium alloy Stainless steel. The 3D model of blade is developed using software Solid Works and Analysis of blade is done on Ansys14..
Modal 04: Hydraulic Turbines (Question Number 7 a - 7 b & 8a - 8b)
i. Definition
ii. Classification of Hydraulic Turbines
iii. Various efficiencies of Hydraulic Turbines and Various types of Head
iv. Pelton Wheel – Principle of working,
Velocity triangles,
Maximum efficiency
Design parameters,
Numerical problems.
v. Francis turbine – Principle of working
Velocity triangles
Design parameters
Numerical problems
vi. Kaplan and Propeller turbines - Principle of working
Velocity triangles
Design parameters
Numerical Problems.
vii. Theory and types of Draft tubes.
Design Calculation of Penstock and Nozzle for 5kW Pelton Turbine Micro Hydrop...ijtsrd
This paper provides to design penstock and nozzle for 5kW Pelton turbine micro hydropower plant for household applications. The other objective of this paper is to develop the life inhabitant living in rural areas by the supply of required electricity from the natural resources of water to provide the development of design calculation of penstock, to reduce the environmental fuel. Water from the storage reservoir is flow through penstock to the power house. Penstocks carry the water under pressure from the storage reservoir to the turbine. When the turbine is operating without a correct penstock, the required power cannot be produced efficiency since water coming from penstock is not capable to reach into the runner in full amount due to splash sideways due to friction. Therefore selection of material of penstock is necessary to install in the turbine. In this paper, the basic theory of hydropower penstock and nozzle are calculated. Zin Mar Chan "Design Calculation of Penstock and Nozzle for 5kW Pelton Turbine Micro Hydropower Plant" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26552.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26552/design-calculation-of-penstock-and-nozzle-for-5kw-pelton-turbine-micro-hydropower-plant/zin-mar-chan
Modal 04: Hydraulic Turbines (Question Number 7 a - 7 b & 8a - 8b)
i. Definition
ii. Classification of Hydraulic Turbines
iii. Various efficiencies of Hydraulic Turbines and Various types of Head
iv. Pelton Wheel – Principle of working,
Velocity triangles,
Maximum efficiency
Design parameters,
Numerical problems.
v. Francis turbine – Principle of working
Velocity triangles
Design parameters
Numerical problems
vi. Kaplan and Propeller turbines - Principle of working
Velocity triangles
Design parameters
Numerical Problems.
vii. Theory and types of Draft tubes.
Design Calculation of Penstock and Nozzle for 5kW Pelton Turbine Micro Hydrop...ijtsrd
This paper provides to design penstock and nozzle for 5kW Pelton turbine micro hydropower plant for household applications. The other objective of this paper is to develop the life inhabitant living in rural areas by the supply of required electricity from the natural resources of water to provide the development of design calculation of penstock, to reduce the environmental fuel. Water from the storage reservoir is flow through penstock to the power house. Penstocks carry the water under pressure from the storage reservoir to the turbine. When the turbine is operating without a correct penstock, the required power cannot be produced efficiency since water coming from penstock is not capable to reach into the runner in full amount due to splash sideways due to friction. Therefore selection of material of penstock is necessary to install in the turbine. In this paper, the basic theory of hydropower penstock and nozzle are calculated. Zin Mar Chan "Design Calculation of Penstock and Nozzle for 5kW Pelton Turbine Micro Hydropower Plant" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26552.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26552/design-calculation-of-penstock-and-nozzle-for-5kw-pelton-turbine-micro-hydropower-plant/zin-mar-chan
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1. Guided By
Mr. R. K. NIVENDRAN, M.E.,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering,
Udaya School of Engineering
Vellamodi
PRESENTED BY,
SHAMLA PHILIP
962620402008
M.E- CAD/CAM ENGINEERING
UDAYA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DESIGN AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF
PELTON WHEEL TURBINE BLADE
2. ABSTRACT
The Pelton wheel extracts energy from the impulse of moving water, as
opposed to water's dead weight like the traditional overshot water
wheel. Many earlier variations of impulse turbines existed, but they
were less efficient than Pelton's design.
Water leaving those wheels typically still had high speed, carrying
away much of the dynamic energy brought to the wheels. Pelton's
paddle geometry was designed so that when the rim ran at half the
speed of the water jet, the water left the wheel with very little speed;
thus his design extracted almost all of the water's impulse energy
which made for a very efficient turbine.
3. TYPES OF TURBINE
Turbines are also divided by their principle of operation and can be either impulse
turbines or reaction turbines.
Reaction Turbine
The reaction turbine's rotating part is completely immersed in water and is enclosed in a
pressure casing. The runner and casing are deliberately crafted so that they reduce the
clearance between them. The runner blades are profiled so that pressure differences across
them impose lift forces that cause the runner to rotate, similar to those on aircraft wings.
Impulse Turbine
An impulse turbine runner works in the air in the contest, powered by a water jet (or jets).
And before and after making contact with the runner wheels, the water stays at ambient
pressure. In this case, the pressurised low-velocity water is converted into a high-speed jet
by a nozzle.
4. PELTON WHEEL TURBINE
The Pelton wheel extracts energy from the impulse of moving water, as opposed to water's
dead weight like the traditional overshot water wheel. Many variations of impulse turbines
existed prior to Pelton's design, but they were less efficient than Pelton's design. Water
leaving those wheels typically still had high speed, carrying away much of the dynamic
energy brought to the wheels.
5. Pelton Bucket
If Pelton wheel buckets are held stationary, there will be a huge impulse force produced. But
power extraction will be zero since buckets are not moving. Bucket Speed Same as Jest Speed If
buckets are moving with same speed of jet, water jet won't be able to hit the bucket. This will lead to
zero impulse force. Again power extraction will be zero.
6. DESIGN STEPS OF A PELTON BUCKET
Considering the basic working state of the turbine; the sprinter holder is
stationary at beginning stage. The water plane departs the gush at a quick
and hits the bucket with high unique speed. In the midst of the normal
running of a Pelton turbine a consistent fly of water at different speed is
kept up for the endless upheaval of the sprinter. In any case it is the
essential stream of water that strikes the holder which has the best impact
on the can profile, this is by goodness of the primary water fly needs to
pulverize the inactivity powers of the sprinter. Truth be told it is the key
water plane fly which passes on the rotational essentialness and torque
required for the turn of the sprinter. This work bargains the improvement of
a Pelton bucket for considering first effect power of water fly.
8. he main pressure driven turbine of the drive sort in like manner
utilization, is named after an American engineer Laster A Pelton, who
contributed much to its advancement around the year 1880. In this way
this machine is known as Pelton turbine or Pelton wheel. It is a proficient
machine especially suited to high heads. The rotor comprises of an
expansive round plate or wheel on which a number (at times under 15) of
spoon formed basins are divided consistently round is fringe as indicated.
The wheel is driven by planes of water being released at environmental
weight from weight spouts. The spouts are mounted so that each guides
a plane along a digression to the circle through the focuses of the pails.
9. OBJECTIVE
The main purpose of this thesis work is to prepare a model under some
standard and its parameter which is also depends on standard. The thesis
includes the change in design parameter such as the change in discharge
of water by which the velocity of jet change due to changing of this term
directly affect on the force exerted by the jet on the bucket which is
responsible for the movement or motion of bucket its means the changing in
the speed of runner with respect to the change in the jet velocity. The speed
of runner is change by two methods the first one is to change the discharge
as well as the jet velocity and the second on is the modification in the
runner. Here the modification is done by the changing of density of runner
plate. The density is change by changing of material.
10. LITERATURE REVIEW
Mr. Uvaraj V Mane, “Design And Structural Analysis Of Pelton Wheel
Turbine Blade” International Journal Of Advance Scientific Research
And Engineering Trends, Volume 5 || Issue 12 || December 2020, et al, A
hydro-mechanical energy conversion system is a Pelton-wheel impulse
turbine that transforms elevated water's gravitational energy into mechanical
operation. Using an electrical generator, this mechanical work is transformed
into electrical energy. In the high head and low water flows, the Pelton turbine
was used to set up a micro-hydroelectric power plant due to its easy design
and ease of development. The turbine parameters must be included in the
design procedure in order to achieve a Pelton hydraulic turbine with optimum
efficiency under different operating conditions.
11. Bonthu Mallikarjuna Rao, “Design And Structural Analysis Of Pelton
Wheel Turbine Blade” International Journal Of Advance Scientific
Research And Engineering Trends, Volume 6 || Issue 4 || April 2021, et
al, In this project we have checked newly develop design known as hooped
runner or advanced pelton wheel in which there are two hoops which
supports the bucket from back side and giving it to rest on it. The new
design is based on redistribution of the function of different parts of pelton
wheel. In conventional runner the jet of water is directly strike to splitter of
the bucket and transfers the force to it than buckets convert it into
momentum by which the shaft is rotate and giving us power. Whereas in
advanced pelton wheel bucket does not directly transport the force to the
runner but transfer the force via these hoops and these hoops is connected
to shaft and by that producing the power so due to hooped runner bucket act
as simply supported beam comparing to simple pelton wheel so stress
developed in hooped pelton is less due to this construction.
12. METHODOLOGY
Input gathering from literature
Analytical design and calculations for components
Material Selection for components
CAD design
FEA Validation
13. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Improper material leads the failure and damage due to excessive forces
at that time need proper material of pelton wheel bucket, grey cast iron
formed corrosion, cracks, generally using steel and alluminium materials we
are choosing the inconel material because of high stiffness, low stresses,
deformation Inconel is a family of austenitic nickel-chromium-based
superalloys. These alloys are oxidation- and corrosion-resistant materials
well suited for service in extreme environments subjected to pressure and
heat. When heated, it forms a thick, stable, passivating oxide layer
protecting the surface from further attack. This material retains strength over
a wide temperature range, attractive for high temperature applications.
14. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Following assumptions or considerations are made in the design
process using design guides and literature:
1. As per general exhaust gas temperature, it is assumed that working fluid
(toluene) is heated to 300 °C and 10 bar pressure by exhaust gases
2. Flow across the nozzle is considered to be adiabatic.
3. As per standard nozzle and tubing dimensions, inlet diameter of nozzle
(d1) is taken as 12 mm
4. Inlet angle of nozzle, α is taken as 0°
5. Maximum flow rate through the turbine, Q is taken as 0.5 Kg/s due to
material considerations.
15. Assumptions
Net head is taken as 45 m,
Rotational speed is taken as 1200 rpm
Flow rate is taken to be 6 liters per second
The bucket is stationary
The bucket is designed at maximum efficiency.
16. GENERAL PROCEDURE
To Create Parts and Assembly of Pelton Wheel Turbine The sequence
of procedures employed to generate the parts of turbine are as follows:-
1. Set up the geometric parameters for bucket.
1 Volume of bucket 170 mm3
2 Bucket axial width 100 mm
3 Bucket radial length 90 mm
4 Bucket depth 36 mm
5 No. of bucket 20
17. Volume of bucket
Bucket axial width
Bucket radial length
Bucket depth
2. Create the basic geometry such as the bucket axial width and radial width.
3. Create two ellipse of that size and merge it using extrude command extrude it to create
the modeling of bucket.
4. Set up the geometric parameter for flange.
Outside Diameter of Flange
Thickness of Flange
Length of Hub
5. Create the basic geometry using sketch command and revolve it around the central line
axis.
18. 6. Setup the geometric parameter for runner plate
Diameter of runner
Diameter of pitch circle of bolt
7. Create the plate using diameter of runner and make hole of 10mm for bolt
using pitch circle diameter of hole.
8. Finally using pattern command for hole. Solid model of runner for pelton
wheel turbine using Solidworks software.
9. Assembly all parts to make assembly of it.
23. CONCLUSION
The new design is based on redistribution of the function of different
parts of pelton wheel. In conventional runner the jet of water is directly
strike to splitter of the bucket and transfers the force to it than buckets
convert it into momentum by which the shaft is rotate and giving us
power. The project is directed towards the modeling of both traditional
and advanced bucket pelton wheel in a 3D Cad tool called Solidworks.
24. FUTURE SCOPE
The scopes of this proposed project are:
1. To generate 3-dimensional geometry model in Solidworks of the pelton
wheel bucket.
2. To perform structural analysis on the model to determine the stress,
deformation, shear stress of the component under the static load
conditions
3. To compare analysis between four different materials of pelton wheel
turbine bucket
25. REFERENCES
[1]. Bilal Abdullah Nasir. ―Design of High Efficiency Pelton Turbine for Micro
Hydro Power Plant‖ IJET, Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), pp. 171-
183.
[2]. Nikhil Jacob George, SebinSabu, Kevin Raju Joseph, AshwinChandy Alex.
―Static Analysis on Pelton Wheel Bucket‖ IJERT, Vol. 3 Issue 3, March - 2014
[3]. Bryan R. Cobb, Kendra V. Sharp ―Impulse (Turgo and Pelton) turbine
performance characteristics and their impact on pico-hydro installations‖
ELSEVIER, 7 August 2012
[4]. Chukwuneke J. L, Achebe C. H., Nwosu M. C., Sinebe J. E. ―Analysis and
Simulation on Effect of Head and Bucket Splitter Angle on the Power Output of a
Pelton Turbine‖ EAAS, Volume 5, No. 03, Aug. 2014.
[5]. I.U. Atthanayake―Analytical Study On Flow Through a Pelton Turbine Bucket
Using Boundary Layer Theory‖ IJET-IJENS, Volume 9, No. 9.