1.
Problems in 20th Century
Global
Pollution
No Control
over
Emissions
Unchecked
Fuel
Consumption

2.
21st Century Shipping
• Goal is to make an
Ultimate Green Ship1.
• To Comply with IMO
Regulations2.
• Least Carbon Footprint.3.

3.
Hi-FIN
Propellers
Sandwich
Plate System
Hull Air
Lubrication
Nose Job
Speed or
Kort Nozzle
Waste Heat
Recovery
System

4.
The Technologies for Future Purpose
• Bucky paper Ships1.
• No Ballast Ships2.
• Solar Powered Ships3.

5.
 Introduced by HYUNDAI HEAVY
INDUSTRIES
 Energy saving device attached at the hub of
the propeller.
 Offsets the swirls generated by the propeller.
 The Fins counteracts the swirls to Improve
both thrust and efficiency.
 Hi-FIN can save up to 2.5 % of fuel in
comparison with the same type of vessels
without Hi-FIN.

6.
ADVANTAGES
Improves Thrust and
Propeller Efficiency.
Fuel Savings up to
2.5%.
DISADVANTAGE
Generation of Noise.

7.
Sandwich Plate System in Ship Building.
 SPS is a structural composite material.
 Composed of steel and polyurethane elastomer.
 Replaces conventional metal plates and avoids usage of
steel which requires additional stiffening.
 In 1990, MV Golden Bell bulk carrier became the first
vessel to utilize this system.

8.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Reduces welding and removes
the sources of stress
concentration.
• Overlaying process is long.
• Less weight and low cost. • Requires specialized naval
architects for overlaying
process.
• Vibrations are damped by the
elastomers.
• Sustains extreme loads and
has fire resistance
properties.

9.
Ship speed
Drag Resistance
How to reduce the
resistance

10.
Drag
Resistance
Pressure
drag
Viscous
drag

11.
1
• AIR BUBBLE LAYER
2
• AIR CAVITY METHOD
3
• WATER REPELLANT PAINT

12.
1. Smoothness of the Hull
2. Shape of the Hull
3. Power needed to produce air pressure
4. System to produce and transport pressurized air

13.
4. NOSE JOB

14.
Conventional Bow Types…

15.
Optimization of Bulbous Bow.
Made using polymer or
thermosetting plastic.
since a ship’s bulb is not
exposed to high heat in
normal working conditions
and such materials are
easier to work with than
steel.
The bulb shape is modified
to a ‘reverse pear-shaped’
section that works well for
working drafts below
design drafts. .

16.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Reduced CO2 emissions by
23%.
More prone to damage since
they are the first point of
contact with an obstacle.
Savings in bunker
consumption up to 20%.
May dig into the waves in
rough seas rather than
lifting the hull.
Reduces drag and wave
making resistance.

17.
5. SPEED NOZZLE OR KORT NOZZLE

18.
Accelerating ducts
Propeller fitted with a
non-rotating nozzle is
known as a Ducted
Propeller.
The inflow velocity is
increased by reducing the
pressure resulting in
increase in inflow velocity
& efficiency of the
propeller.
Decelerating Ducts-
inflow velocity is reduced
and pressure is increased,
reducing the cavitation.

19.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• More efficient at low
speeds.
• The additional shrouding
results in drag.
• Most beneficial for slow
moving vessel.
• They lose their advantage
over conventional
propellers at about ten
knots.
• Increased propeller
efficiency with
accelerating ducts.
• Unsuitable for propellers
with larger diameters.

20.
WASTE
HEAT
RECOVERY
SYSTEM
EMISSION
REDUCTION
LOWER
FUEL
COSTS
IMO
EEDI
LOW
OPERATING
COSTS

21.
MAIN ENGINE
EXHAUST
 PRIMARY SOURCE
OF WASTE HEAT
APRROXIMATELY
25% OF FUEL
ENERGY
HEAT FLOW AND
TEMPERATURE

22.
UTILISATION
POSSIBLE TO PRODUCE
ELECTRICITY FROM A GAS
AN ELECTRICAL OUTPUT OF
UPTO 11% OF MAIN ENGINE
POWER
INCREASE IN TOTAL
EFFICIENCY TO ABOUT 55%
FOR A SLIGHT REDUCTION
IN MAIN ENGINE EFFICIENCY

23.
OVERVIEW

24.
TYPES
• Power turbine stand alone unit: PTG –
Power Turbine Generator Unit
• Steam turbine stand alone unit: STG –
Steam Turbine Generator Unit
• Combined turbines unit: ST–PT – Steam
Turbine & Power Turbine Generator Unit

25.
POWER TURBINE GENERATOR UNIT
(PTG)

26.
Parameters
Exhaust gas bypass, approx. 8 to 12%
Reduction of total exhaust gas
amount, approx.
-13%
Total increase of mixed exhaust
gas temperature after bypass,
up to
+50°C
Increased fuel consumption 1.2% i.e. 2 g/kWh

27.
STEAM TURBINE GENERATOR UNIT
(STG)

28.
Parameters
Exhaust gas bypass, approx. 8 to 12%
Reduction of total exhaust gas
amount, approx.
-13%
Total increase of mixed exhaust
gas temperature after bypass,
up to
+65°C
Increased fuel consumption 1.2% i.e. 2 g/kWh

29.
STEAM TURBINE – POWER TURBINE
GENERATOR UNIT (ST-PT)

30.
RECOMMENDATIONS
 Main engine power > 25,000 kw – ST-PT
 Main Engine Power < 25,000 kw – PTG or STG
 Main engine power < 15,000 kw – PTG

31.
CONTROL & POWER MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
The control system for an engine with a WHRS
will involve:
1. The main engine control
2. The WHRS control
Both these control systems must work as an
integral part of a total control system of the ship.
The control parameters are based on the overall
power requirement of the ship and the fuel
consumption.

32.
The ship power management system thus
formed will carry out the following tasks:
• To achieve minimum fuel consumption at
different sailing conditions
• Maintain a strong balance between waste
heat recovery system and main engine
because the power turbine and steam turbine
use the exhaust to recover the energy.

33.
FUNDAMENTAL BASICS
1. To be able to protect the engine against
unacceptable conditions e.g. high
backpressure
2. To ensure maximum available power for the
WHRS

34.
CONTROL STRATEGY

35.
PMS PRIORITIES
The power management system of the ship is
configured to prioritize the power sources in the
following way:
1. WHRS Generator
2. PTO generator (if installed)
3. Auxiliary diesel generators
4. PTI motor (if installed)

36.
INSTALLATION ASPECTS
As discussed before for the selection of the right
WHRS unit the installation aspects taken into
account are:
 Size of the system
 Complexity of piping and cabling
 Finding space in machinery room, near the
main engine installation, for foundation and
piping and cabling between the main
components.

37.
PTG
• Inlet and outlet exhaust gas pipe for power
turbine
• Nearness to engine

38.
STG
• The size of exhaust gas
boiler may increase
• Pipe connections to
steam turbine
• Condenser ( may be as
large as generator or
steam turbine)
• Condenser piping for
recirculation to boiler
• Condenser cooling
water piping

39.
ST–PT
• Installation aspects of both the STG & PTG
units will be considered.
• Distance between steam turbine and exhaust
gas boiler and distance between power
turbine and exhaust manifold.

40.
EXHAUST SYSTEM

41.
SINGLE & DUAL STEAM PRESSURE
SYSTEM

42.
NOSCOP SAVINGS & EFFECT
ON SHIP’S EEDI
Based on a HFO fuel saving of 3,555 tons per year
(with 3% sulphur content), the installation of a
WHRS on a large container ship will save the
environment for the following emission amounts:
• CO2 emission saving per year: 11,260 tons
• NOx emission saving per year: 319 tons
• SOx emission saving per year: 214 tons
• Particulates saving per year: 29 tons
EEDI=
𝐶𝑂2 𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 [
𝑔
ℎ
]
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛 × 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 [
𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
ℎ
]

43.
The Technologies for
Future Purpose

44.
1. BUCKY PAPER SHIPS

45.
A thin sheet made up of carbon nanotubes (CNT).
Each CNT is 50,000 times thinner than human hair.
1/10th the weight of steel but potentially 500 times stronger
in strength and 2 times harder than diamond when its sheets
are compiled to form a composite.
The vessel built from this lighter material would require less
fuel.
A research has already been initiated for the use of bucky
paper as a construction material of a future ship.

46.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
• Reduces weight of the
ship.
• Very High capital cost
approximately 200$ per
gram of CNT.
• Corrosion resistant ship
shell.
• Less chances of fire since
flame retardant.

47.
2. NO BALLAST SHIP

48.
 A constant flow of local seawater through a network of
large pipes, called trunks.
The trunks runs from the bow to the stern, below the
waterline.
Ship continuously sweeps water through the ship and
out.
Ship is always filled with local sea water rather than
hauling seawater.
Reduces the harmful effects on the marine
environment.

49.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Provides a significant
savings in power as much
as 7.3%.
• Difficulties in running at
rough seas.
• Construction costs are
much low.
• Difficult to maintain safe
draught while loading.
• No filtration system and
ballast tanks.

50.
3. SOLAR POWERED SHIP
AN INITIATIVE…..

51.
SOLAR POWER:- Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun that is
harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as photovoltaic cells
and battery arrangement.
It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly
characterized as either passive solar or active solar. Active solar depending on
how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into electricity. Active
solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar
power and solar water heating to harness the energy.

52.
NEED OF SOLAR SHIP:-

53.
INSTALLATION OF SOLAR PANEL ONBOARD FOR
COST EFFICIENCY:
As we know, these days everything
from rooftop to cellphones comes
equipped with solar power.
Now huge cargo ships are the latest
entities to join the solar power fray
THE M/V AURIGA LEADER organized
by PORT OF LONG BEACH,TOKYO
constructed by NYK SHIPPING LINES
R&D DEPARTMENT
That will power the ship’s main
electrical grid making First Ocean
going ship propelled by sun’s ray.
The project aims to reduce
dependency on diesel and heavy
fuel oil. Solar power has been used
from decades to generate power for
auxiliary machineries, deck lighting
and electronic equipment

54.
THE M/V AURIGA LEADER (NYK SHIPPING LINES
R&D DEPARTMENT)

55.
AURIGA LEADER’S SPECIFICATION:
• Auriga Leader, a RoRo Ship,
is the world’s first partially
propelled cargo carrier
ship fitted with over 300
solar arrays that generate
around 10 percent of its
required operating power.
• The solar powered ship
measures almost 200
meters lengthwise with a
width of slightly over 32
meters
• With a depth of over 34
meters, the Auriga Leader
has a DWT of almost
19,000 tonnes and a GRT
of around 60,000 tonnes.
• . The vessel’s owners, the
Nippon Yusen and the
Nippon Oil companies
have invested almost US $
2 million in order to ensure
the successful working of
the Auriga Leader RoRo
Ship.

56.
POWER PRODUCED BY AURIGA
LEADER:
• M/V AURIGA LEADER
consist 300 panels is
helping to power the
ship’s thruster, hydraulics
and steering gears that
provides sufficient energy
to run machineries. It
produces 400kwatt
energy to run auxiliary
and electronic equipment
like.
• POWER CONSUME BY:-
1. ENGINE ROOM
EQIPMENT
2. BRIDGE EQIPMENT
3. GALLEY &
ACCOMODATION
EQUIPMENT

57.
POWER CONSUME BY EQUPMENTS:-
ENGINE ROOM
• Auxiliary sea water pumps
• Diesel oil transfer pump
• Lube oil transfer
• Bilge pump
• alarm ( co2, dead man and fire)
• blowers and air circulating fans
• Air conditioner condenser
pumps
• Fridge pump
• Fire and general service pump
• Fresh water generator ejector
pump
BRIDGE ROOM
• Radar
• Magnetic compass
• ARPA:-AUTOMATIC RADAR
PLOTTING AID
• Speed and distance log device
• Echo sounder
• ICDS:-ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY
INFORMATION
• Rudder angle indicator
• Voyage data recorder
• GPS recorder
• Navigational lights
• Ship whistle
• Etc.

58.
CIRUIT DESIGN AND INSTALLATION
CIRDUIT DESIGN INSTALLATION OF SOLAR SET

59.
COST & MAINTENANCE OF PHOTOVOLTIC
CELLS
• COSTY OF SOLAR PANELS:-
Currently solar cells for a very wide range of prices,
with most marine grade panels priced from
around £200 to well over £500 per 100 watts. It
depends upon the quality of solar plates is been
order by respected marine company.
• MAINTENACE OF SOALR PANELS ON BOARD:-
Solar panels generally require very little
maintenance since there are no moving parts. A few
times a year, the panels should be inspected for any
dirt or debris that may collect on them.

60.
Advantages and Benefits of Solar Power on Ships:-
• Clean source of power particularly useful when a ship is
in port or near populated areas.
• Can be used as source of power for emergency lighting
which will outlast traditional back-up systems.
• The use of special lightweight & flexible solar panels
allows for more solar to be installed on ships e.g. on
awnings, angled surfaces, areas where access is needed.
• The solution meets Classification Society requirements
and the basic configuration has received acceptance
from Class NK.
• When combined with efficient marine LED lights the
effective output of the system can be increased by a
factor of x5 or more.
• Suitable for retrofitting to existing ships or for inclusion
into new shipbuilding projects.

61.
FUTURE ASPECTS AND INITIATIVES:-
Indian Naval Ship Sarvekshak has
undertaken an innovative project for
provision of electricity onboard using
solar energy. The ship has installed
18 lightweight flexible panels of 300
W each, which are 100% marine
compatible. This power source can
be used at sea as well as in harbor.
This green initiative of the Indian
Navy saves approximately 89.1 kg of
carbon emission per day when
compared with a diesel generator.
The estimated savings in a service
life of 15 years is expected to be
about Rupees One Crore.

62.
ANOTHER EFFORT SHOWEN BY “CUSAT” STUDENTS
AND ITS R&D DEPARTMENT :
1. They constructed ferry named
“ADITYA” powered by 50 solar
panels which produces 40KW
power & attain speed up to 7 knot.
2. The operational cost of the boat,
Aditya, is Rs 163 per day against a
diesel boat’s Rs 7,000 says Shaji
Nair, director of Kerala’s water
transport department.
3. Two electric motors and a lithium
battery is used in the boat. The
boat is 20 meter long and seven
meter wide. It can travel at a
speed of 14km per hour. The
construction of the Rs 1.50-crore
boat took nearly two years. The
boat has a seating capacity of 75.

63.
CONCLUSION:-
With this we conclude that our project “Modern Technologies for
Efficient Propulsion & Fuel Saving” provides a good knowledge
about the current technologies used on-board for emission of
less harmful gases and savings in fuel. The implementation of
these technologies makes the ships and the environment
cleaner. These methods also help to increase the efficiency of
the ships. Researchers are developing more methods to make
the marine environment and the ships clean.