Hwn dictionary
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This document provides guidance on how to effectively use a Hawaiian dictionary to look up and understand Hawaiian words. It emphasizes the importance of reading the preface and abbreviations section to understand how the dictionary is organized. It also stresses reading all definitions fully and checking multiple sources to identify the appropriate word meaning and context, as Hawaiian words do not always directly translate to English.
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The document discusses the Hawaiian grammar pattern "Hiki" which expresses ability or possibility. It provides examples of using "Hiki" with different types of verbs - hamani/hehele verbs which describe actions/emotions/sounds, and a'ano stative verbs which describe traits/states of being. It demonstrates constructing sentences with "Hiki" using different subject pronouns and particles like ka'i and i oa. Special contractions for i+au and i+oia are also covered, along with forming questions and negative sentences.
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1Unit ILesson 6 Grammar and StyleAdjectives and Adverbs.docx
1
Unit I
Lesson 6: Grammar and Style
Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives
Adjectives are modifiers: Modifiers include words, phrases, and clauses.
Adjectives modify or say something about a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives can tell what color, how many, how big or small, in fact just about anything about the words they modify.
There are several very specific things about adjectives that we have to be aware of as we write and speak:
1. One common error in slang, low diction, and conversational English is to misuse an adjective to modify another adjective.
For example:
He is real tall.
Here the word real is an adjective, but it cannot modify another adjective, tall.
The correct form would be, “He is really tall.” In this case, really, an adverb, can modify the adjective tall.
Another example:
Yesterday I was real sick the whole time at school
Here real attempts to modify the adjective sick. As above, an adjective can never modify another adjective.
The correct form would be, “Yesterday I was really sick the whole time at school.”
2. Adjectives conform to particular and traditional positions, in English usually immediately before what they modify.
Most of the time, adjectives come directly in front of the word they are modifying.
For example:
She drove a new pink Mercedes.
The hot, roaring fire engulfed the house.
In both cases here, there are two adjectives in front of the words they modify.
Another common position for the adjective is at the end of the sentence. This common structure takes the form of subject + linking verb + adjective. Many of these structures, as you will see, are common everyday expressions.
For example:
The quarterback for the opposing team is extremely tall.
Here the adjective tall modifies the subject of the sentence, quarterback.
Sharks in these waters have been known to be very aggressive.
Here the adjective aggressive modifies the subject, sharks.
Food in this part of New Orleans is generally accepted to be very expensive.
Here the adjective expensive modifies the subject, food.
3. Adjectives also normally appear in three different forms, depending on what they are modifying and the context. These are called the positive, what you might call the normal or typical form of the adjective; the comparative, used when you are comparing two items; and the superlative, used when you are comparing one item to three or more other similar items.
For example:
Positive Comparative Superlative
fast faster fastest
good better best
smooth smoother smoothest
Note that adjectives of multiple syllables have to use more and most to make their comparative and superlative forms:
Positive Comparative Superlative
Redolent more redolent most redolent
Note that you could not say redolenter or redolentest.
Fragrant more fragrant most fragrant
Again, there are no such words as fragranter or fragrantest.
Also note that you cannot mix the two forms—that is, add more or most to a form that is made by ...
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