After viewing the slides, click this YouTube link- https://youtu.be/mgxnIherfxg

1. TO (WHOM, WHO,
WHOSE, WHICH, THAT)
IT MAY CONCERN: THE
USE OF APPROPRIATE
RELATIVE PRONOUNS IN
SENTENCES
Prepared by: Teacher Angela May Alvarez

2. LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
01 Define relative pronoun
Identify and differentiate the different relative
pronouns
02
Use relative pronouns appropriately and
meaningfully
03
04 Rewrite sentences using the correct relative
pronouns
05 Appreciate the importance of the correct use of
relative pronouns in effective oral and written
communication

3. WHAT IS A
RELATIVE
PRONOUN?

4. Relative Pronoun
A relative pronoun is a word that introduces a dependent
(or relative) clause and connects it to an independent
clause. A clause beginning with a relative pronoun is
poised to answer questions such as Which one? How
many? or What kind? There are only few relative
pronouns in the English language. The most common are
Who, whom, what, which, and that.
Relative pronouns, like conjunctions, are words that join
clauses—in this case, a relative clause to its main clause.
The type of relative pronoun used depends on what kind
of noun is being described.
Source: https://www.grammarly.com/blog/relative-pronouns/

5. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND THEIR USAGE
Relative Pronoun Usage
WHO Relates to people (Subject)
WHOSE Refers to possession
WHOM Relates to people (Object of the verb)
WHICH Refers to animals and objects
THAT Refers to people, animals, and things

6. RELATIVE PRONOUN: WHO
We use who in relative clauses to refer to people, and sometimes
to animals.
Example:
• She is the one who will represent the school for
the debate.
• I think there’d be a lot of children who’d love to
have a climbing wall in school.
• Neil Armstrong, who was born in 1930, was the
first man to stand on the moon.
Note: The underlined word are the nouns referred by
the relative pronoun, who.

7. RELATIVE PRONOUN: WHOSE
We usually use whose as a relative pronoun to indicate
possession by people and animals. In more formal styles we can
also use it for things. Instead of a possessive expression (my, your,
his, her, its, our, their, x’s), the relative pronoun whose is used.
Example:
• He’s marrying a girl whose family don’t seem to
like him.
• I won't eat in a restaurant whose cook’s smoke.

8. RELATIVE PRONOUN: WHOM
We use whom in formal styles or in writing to refer to people
when the person is the object of the verb. It is much more common
in writing than in speaking.
Example:
• My science teacher is a person whom I like very
much.
• Mrs. Smith is the teacher to whom I was
speaking.
• The agent with whom I spoke was able to help
me.

9. RELATIVE PRONOUN: WHICH
We use which in relative clauses to refer to animals and to things.
We always use which to introduce relative clauses when they
refer to a whole sentence or clause.
Example:
• It was the same picture which I saw at the
National Gallery.
• Lisa wore the shoes which she bought in Italy.
• I’ve never felt close to the community which I
grew up in.

10. RELATIVE PRONOUN: THAT
We use that instead of who, whom or which in relative clauses to
refer to people, animals and things. We use it to introduce
defining clauses only. That is more informal than who,
whom or which.
Example:
• She blamed herself for everything that had
happened.
• It’s the same cooker that my mother has.
• We’ve got some tennis balls that you can
play with.

11. WHO VS. WHOM
Use who if the pronoun is the subject of the
verb in the dependent clause.
•The people who just boarded the plane are
in a rock band.
(The pronoun is subject of the
verb boarded.)
Use whom if the pronoun is the object of
the verb in the dependent clause.
•The cousin whom we met at the family
reunion is coming to visit.
(The pronoun is object of the verb met.)
WHICH VS. THAT
That always indicates a clause that is essential to
the meaning of the sentence because it defines or
identifies the noun it refers to. An essential clause
does not take a comma before it.
•Lisa wore the shoes that she bought in Italy.
(What shoes? The ones that she bought in Italy.
The clause identifies the shoes.)
Which is used in a non-essential clause modifying
an animal or a thing. is separated from its noun
with a comma.
•Lisa wore her best leather shoes, which she
bought in Italy.
(What shoes? Her best leather ones. The clause is
not needed to identify the shoes, so it is non-
essential.)

12. For further discussion about relative
pronoun, click the YouTube link
below:
https://youtu.be/mgxnIherfxg
The link for your worksheets and quiz
are included in that YouTube link
description.


13. References:
http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/relative.htm
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-
grammar/relative-pronouns
https://www.really-learn-english.com/relative-pronouns.html
https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2guides/guides/wrtps/inde
x-
eng.html?lang=eng&lettr=indx_catlog_w&page=9mXNAo90UPlc
.html