The document discusses the Hawaiian grammar pattern "Hiki" which expresses ability or possibility. It provides examples of using "Hiki" with different types of verbs - hamani/hehele verbs which describe actions/emotions/sounds, and a'ano stative verbs which describe traits/states of being. It demonstrates constructing sentences with "Hiki" using different subject pronouns and particles like ka'i and i oa. Special contractions for i+au and i+oia are also covered, along with forming questions and negative sentences.

1. HIKI
HAW 102

2. • Hiki sentences express the idea of “can” and
“cannot.” Last week, we learned the difference
between hamani, hehele and a ano type words. Itʻ ʻ
is important to remember the differences in each
when using this pattern.
• Hamani words are words that describe an action,
sense, or emotion towards another thing or person (ie:
aloha, inu, lawe, heluhelu, etc.).
• Hehele words are words that describe the creation of a
movement, position, or sound within oneself (ie:
hiamoe, u , lele, etc.).ē
• ‘A ano words are stative verbs that describe aʻ
condition, trait or state of being of someone or
something (ie: melemele, wela, molo , u i, etc.).ā ʻ

3. HIKI I ka i + meme aʻ ʻ KE verb (hamani/hehele)
*The ka/ke rule does not apply to the “ke”
before the verb. The pattern always calls
for “ke.”
HIKI USING KA`I + MEME`A &
HAMANI/HEHELE TYPE WORDS

4. N LA`ANAĀ
HIKI I ka i + meme aʻ ʻ KE verb (hamani/hehele)
• The baby can crawl.
Hiki i ka p p ke kolo.ē ē
• My mom can drive my car.
Hiki i ko u makuahine ke kalaiwa i ko u ka a.ʻ ʻ ʻ
• The dogs can swim at the beach.
Hiki i n lio ke au au ma kahakai.āʻī ʻ ʻ

5. HIKI I ka i + meme aʻ ʻ KE verb (hamani/hehele)
HIKI IĀ papani/i oaʻ KE verb (hamani/hehele)

6. N LA`ANAĀ
HIKI IĀ papani/i oaʻ KE verb (hamani/hehele)
• Kau i can brush her teeth.ʻ
Hiki i Kau i ke palaki niho.ā ʻ
• Mana can cook breakfast.
Hiki i Mana ke kuke i ka aina kakahiaka.ā ʻ

7. N LA`ANAĀ
HIKI IĀ papani/i oaʻ KE verb (hamani/hehele)
• They (2) can play the guitar.
Hiki i l ua ke ho okani i ke k k .ā ā ʻ ī ā
• You can sit down now.
Hiki i oe ke noho i k ia manawa.āʻ ē

8. SPECIAL EXCEPTIONS
• As always, note that the following papani
contract with “i ” to form the following:ā
– I + AU = IA UĀ ʻ
– I + O IA = I IAĀ ʻ Ā
• The other papani stay the same and DO
NOT contract.

9. N LA`ANAĀ
I + AU = IA UĀ ʻ
• I can drive the truck.
Hiki ia`u ke kalaiwa i ke kalaka.
I + O IA = I IAĀ ʻ Ā
• He can sleep on my bed.
Hiki i ia ke hiamoe ma ko`u pela moe.ā

10. QUESTION?
• Note that to make the sentence into a question,
you should simply add a question mark to the end.
• Can I go to the movies?
Hiki ia u ke hele i ke ki i oni oni?ʻ ʻ ʻ ʻ
• Can we go to McDonald’s?
Hiki i k kou ke hele i McDonald’s?ā ā
• Can I leave the table?
Hiki ia u ke ha alele i ke p kaukau?ʻ ʻ ā

11. H `OLEŌ
• To say “cannot,” simply add the word “ A ole” to the beginning ofʻ ʻ
the sentence.
• I can dance. Hiki ia u ke hula.ʻ
• I cannot dance. A ole hiki ia u ke hula.ʻ ʻ ʻ
• Naupaka can eat cake. Hiki i Naupaka ke ai i ka mea ono.ā ʻ ʻ
• Naupaka cannot eat cake. A ole hiki i Naupaka ke ai i ka mea onoʻ ʻ ā ʻ ʻ .
• Her friend can swim. Hiki i kona hoaaloha ke au au.ʻ ʻ
• Her friend cannot swim. ‘A ole hiki i kona hoaaloha ke au au.ʻ ʻ ʻ

12. HIKI w/`A`ANO
• Keep in mind that the examples shown above
are for hamani/hehele type words. The
pattern/concept differs slightly when using
a ano type words.ʻ ʻ
ula ula (red)ʻ ʻ maika i (good)ʻ anuanu (cold)
HIKI KE a anoʻ ʻ who/what (papani/i oa/ka i + meme aʻ ʻ ʻ

13. N LA`ANAĀ
HIKI KE a anoʻ ʻ who/what (papani/i oa/ka i + meme aʻ ʻ ʻ
• Papani: Hiki ke hau oli oe.ʻ ʻ
You can be happy.
• I oa:ʻ Hiki ke hau oli o Leimana.ʻ ʻ
Leimana can be happy.
• Ka i + Meme a:ʻ ʻ Hiki ke hau oli k na wahine.ʻ ā
His wife can be happy.

14. N LA`ANAĀ
HIKI KE a anoʻ ʻ who/what (papani/i oa/ka i + meme aʻ ʻ ʻ
• Papani: Hiki ke hilahila k kou a pau.ā
We can all be embarrassed.
• I oa:ʻ Hiki ke hilahila o Pono.ʻ
Pono can be embarrassed.
• Ka i + Meme a:ʻ ʻ Hiki ke hilahila ke keiki kolohe.
The rascal child can be embarrassed.