This document contains notes from a Hawaiian studies class on chapters 4-10 of the text Mokuna IV - X. It includes summaries and analysis of passages, explanations of cultural concepts like heiau (ancient Hawaiian places of worship) and oli (chants), and definitions and stories related to various Hawaiian place names. The document synthesizes information from the class readings and discussions on traditional Hawaiian literature, culture, and history.

1. KAWELO
MOKUNA IV - X
HWST 104

2. IMPT. NOTES
 Milu
 The underworld; ruler of the underworld
 Like purgatory
 Not a place for being punished for being there
 P.88 The “cold that has entered” Aikanaka is a
metaphor for fear
 P. 88 Kawelo’s chant to Kahakaloa
 Kawelo makes fun of Kahakaloa
 Pun on the word “haka,” meaning long shelf; vacant,
empty, open space, hole, breach

3. OLI
 P. 92 Kahakaloa’s maiming
 A king’s pig was marked for sacrifice by cutting off a part of
his ear
 P. 94 Kawelo’s chant to Kauahoa
 Line 9 – Kawelo is trying to butter up Kauahoa
 Lines 10-14 – Kawelo is naming the warriors that are with
him and where they’re from
 Lines 15-22 – Offers a proposition of postponement even
though he knows it’s inevitable
 Lines 21-22 – Kawelo mentiones what they did for ‘Aikanaka
(string lehua blossoms)
 P. 94 – Kawelo’s chant (3 lines)
 Kawelo is psyching himself up for the fight

4. OLI
 P. 100
 ` lelo No`eauŌ
He ali`i ka moa
Lit. The rooster is a chief
The rooster sleeps on a high perch. His feathers
are used in k hili, which are the symbols ofā chiefs.

5. HEIAU
 A pre-Christian place of worship; some heiau were
elaborately constructed stone platforms, others simple
earth terraces
 From the heiau, the kahuna (priest) communicated
with the gods and advised the ali`i (chief)
 At least 9 types of heiau existed including the
following:
 Luakini: Large heiau where ruling chiefs prayed and
human sacrifices were offered; often referred to as “war
temples”

6. PLACE NAMES
 Nihoa
 The island is the highest of the
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and the
one nearest the main islands. It has a
maximum elevation of 910 feet and an
approximate area of 0.25 square miles.
Lit., firmly set.
 ` lelo No`eauŌ
Ku p k ka pali o Nihoa i ka makaniā ū
Lit: The cliff of Nihoa stands as a
resistance against the wind.
Said of one who stands bravely in the
face of misfortune
As taken from Place Names of Hawai`i (1974) by P ku`i, Elbert & Mo`okiniū

7. PLACE NAMES Lehua
 Island (291 acres, maximum
elevation 710 feet) west of
Ni`ihau, the westernmost
island of the main Hawaiian
chain (not including the
Northwestern Hawaiian
Islands) Lit., lehua flower
 ` lelo No`eauŌ
Aia i ka mole o Lehua
Lit: At the taproot of Lehua
Said of one who is out of
sight for a long time, neither
seen nor heard of
As taken from Place Names of Hawai`i (1974) by
P ku`i, Elbert & Mo`okiniū

8. PLACE NAMES
 Kualoa
 Land division, point, Waik neā
qd., O`ahu, an area anciently
considered one of the most
sacred places on the island. A
place of refuge was here. Lit.,
long back.
 `Ewa
 Plantation, quadrangle west of
Pearl Harbor, O`ahu. Lit.,
crooked.
 Honokoa
 Place, Wai`alae, Honolulu.
Lit., brave bay
As taken from Place Names of Hawai`i (1974) by P ku`i, Elbert &ū
Mo`okini
Kualoa

9. PLACE NAMES M malahoaā
 Peak, Hanalei district, Kaua`i.
 Stream, K ne`ohe; place,ā
Nu`uanu, O`ahu.
 Ka`ula
 Rocky islet (540 feet elevation)
22 miles southwest of Ni`ihau.
The island is a tuff cone built on
the submerged eroded remnant
of an ancient shield volcano. It
abounds with seabirds and is
said to be named for one –
which one is not known.
As taken from Place Names of Hawai`i (1974) by P ku`i, Elbert &ū
Mo`okini
Ka`ulaKa`ula

10. PLACE NAMES
 Hanap pē ē
 Land section, town, bay, ditch,
falls, stream, valley, and ancient
surfing place, southern Waimea
district, Kaua`i. Lit., crushed bay
(due to landslides)
 K `ulaō
 Valley and stream, Waimea and
K loa districts, Kaua`i. The tyrantō
`Aikanaka, frightened of the hero
Kawelo, fled here from Nounou
Hill.
As taken from Place Names of Hawai`i (1974) by P ku`i, Elbert & Mo`okiniū
Hanap pē ē

11. PLACE NAMES
 Polihale
 State park, beach, ridge,
heiau, and land division,
Waimea district, Kaua`i,
famous for its seaweed
(pahapaha) used in leis, a
practice said to have been
introduced by Pele’s older
sister, N makaokaha`i. Lit.,ā
house bosom
As taken from Place Names of Hawai`i (1974) by P ku`i, Elbert &ū
Mo`okini

12. PLACE NAMES
K loaō
Town, park, land division, district, southeast
Kaua`i. According to one account, the
district was named for a steep rock called
Paliok loa. The first successful sugarō
plantation in the islands was started here in
1835.
As taken from Place Names of Hawai`i (1974) by P ku`i, Elbert & Mo`okiniū

13. PLACE NAMES
Wahiawa
Stream and heiau, K loa district, Kaua`i. Lit.,ō
milkfish place.
Luakaha
Street and land section, upper Nu`uanu, Honolulu,
and the site of and name of the country home of
Kamehameha III. Lit., place for relaxation.
As taken from Place Names of Hawai`i (1974) by P ku`i, Elbert & Mo`okiniū

14. Not all characters and place names are listed in this
presentation. As a reminder, you may access the
Hawaiian Dictionary and Place Names of Hawai`i (and
many other books) for free online via a link on the
Resources page.