Today there exists a wide spectrum of views on this subject, ranging from those concerned with animal 'rights' to those who view animals only as a resource to be exploited.
All of thThe five freedoms were originally developed from a UK Government report on livestock husbandry in 1965 (Prof.Roger Brambell) then by Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) In July 1979
Freedom from hunger or thirst by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour .
Freedom from discomfort by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area .
Freedom from pain, injury or disease by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Freedom to express (most) normal behaviour by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animal's own kind.
Freedom from fear and distress by ensuring conditions and treatment which avoid mental suffering.
Research Methods: Ethics II (Animal Research)Brian Piper
lecture 3 from a college level research methods in psychology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Linfield College, includes IACUC, animal welfare act, refinement, reduction, replacement
Should we care about animals? Why? Which ones? Do animals have moral standing? Do we have duties/obligations towards them? Which actions are acceptable/unacceptable? This presentation explores the major philosophical schools of thought about the moral status of animals, and our duties toward them, and examines related topics such as animal consciousness and sentience.
Gardening Proves to Be the Wonder Drug for a Wide Variety of Human Ailments
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Inventors and fathers in veterinary, History of Veterinary scienceRAHUL KATARIA
Hello everyone,
I have tried to compile major role of scientists in various subject of animal husbandry and veterinary science. This presentation include both, lead inventor and the indian inventor of that .particular subject.
Your supporters are the hero of the story. Your job is to call them to adventure and help them on their quest by providing the structure and support they need. Looking at examples and a real world case study, you’ll learn how you can start with story, define success, provide structure and give support to reach more people and raise more money through social fundraising.
Slides from Social Media for Nonprofits- Vancouver | June 25, 2013
Today there exists a wide spectrum of views on this subject, ranging from those concerned with animal 'rights' to those who view animals only as a resource to be exploited.
All of thThe five freedoms were originally developed from a UK Government report on livestock husbandry in 1965 (Prof.Roger Brambell) then by Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) In July 1979
Freedom from hunger or thirst by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour .
Freedom from discomfort by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area .
Freedom from pain, injury or disease by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Freedom to express (most) normal behaviour by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animal's own kind.
Freedom from fear and distress by ensuring conditions and treatment which avoid mental suffering.
Research Methods: Ethics II (Animal Research)Brian Piper
lecture 3 from a college level research methods in psychology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Linfield College, includes IACUC, animal welfare act, refinement, reduction, replacement
Should we care about animals? Why? Which ones? Do animals have moral standing? Do we have duties/obligations towards them? Which actions are acceptable/unacceptable? This presentation explores the major philosophical schools of thought about the moral status of animals, and our duties toward them, and examines related topics such as animal consciousness and sentience.
Gardening Proves to Be the Wonder Drug for a Wide Variety of Human Ailments
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Inventors and fathers in veterinary, History of Veterinary scienceRAHUL KATARIA
Hello everyone,
I have tried to compile major role of scientists in various subject of animal husbandry and veterinary science. This presentation include both, lead inventor and the indian inventor of that .particular subject.
Your supporters are the hero of the story. Your job is to call them to adventure and help them on their quest by providing the structure and support they need. Looking at examples and a real world case study, you’ll learn how you can start with story, define success, provide structure and give support to reach more people and raise more money through social fundraising.
Slides from Social Media for Nonprofits- Vancouver | June 25, 2013
Example of Fund Raising Presentation to InvestorsJeremiah Josey
This is a real example of a presentation for fund raising for Pozilok - a company I founded in 2003. Over AUD1,000,000 was raised in Australia using such presenations - a difficult feat in an environment where investment for start-up companies is very thin indeed.
The Use of Animals in ResearchStudent NameAffi.docxssusera34210
The Use of Animals in Research
Student Name
Affiliate Institution
The Use of Animals in Research
The debate about experimental animal use in research aim to prove weather their usage is a pseudoscience or not. Animals have been used widely in scientific research since the 500 BC. However, the use of experimental animals for research has been a controversial issue and subject of ethical debates. The growing body of animal advocates believes that experimental animal use in research is not necessary for reasons of wasting resources. Industries such as pharmaceutical research companies and cosmetics manufacturers use animals such as rats, rabbits and pigs to test their products. With such usage, the society has persistently called upon the concerned scientific community to find an alternative of experimental animal use especially in the business industries. Despite the fact that animal advocates who stage campaigns against the use of animals in research consider it unethical, pure research scientists have not demonstrated the economic and academic benefits of using these animals where Pound et al., (2004) argue that there is no evidence to show that the use of animals in research has direct human benefits. The animal use has led to a better scientific understanding of disease and drug processes hence leading to proper formulations and medical breakthroughs. Experimental animals have been successful models of disease and drug studies before clinical trials. The use of experimental animals is the basic science established in the research of cognitive science, biology, and medicine.
Organizations that refute the use of animals for research such as PETA and ASPCA consider these traditional scientific activities out of date and that it is morally wrong to use animals solely for the benefit of human beings. These organizations claim that traditional animal experiments are costly, they are expensive and time-consuming, (Ryder, 2005). In addition, animal advocates argue that pure research scientists have not been accountable for those experiments that have failed and their results having no economic or academic benefits in the society. Even worse, there is evidence indicating that experimental animal results can mislead researchers. Animals may die in the process of experimentation due to toxic drug treatment and such results may confuse. The PETA organization indicate that researchers focus on making the animals sick and later cure them, a process that does not happen in human. The PETA and allied organization also argue that best doctors and scientists are misplaced because they are compensated to work with animals in the laboratory instead of working with real patients in the community. Even though using animals in research is undisputedly intellectually seductive, these experiments have not solved the urgent health problems of this era such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, AIDS and birth defects. However, scientists have a good course ...
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
2. VIVISECTION
Vivus – latin meaning for “alive”
Sectio – latin meaning for “cutting”
“The cutting of or operation on a living animal
usually for physiological or pathological
investigation; broadly : animal
experimentation especially if considered to
cause distress or result in injury or death to
the subject”
3. An estimated 115 to 127 million animals are currently used in experimental
research worldwide. But a growing number of scientists believe that animal
experimentation is scientifically flawed for physiological, genetic, and
procedural reasons. Answers to the most pressing human health
problems—heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and others—lie in understanding
human cells, human genes, and, in some cases, human habits.
“…the reality of experiments on animals is largely hidden from the
public and that many would consider what routinely happens to cats,
dogs and monkeys in labs to be torture. I explained that many current
experiments on animals have a tenuous link to improving human health.
I also offered that an oversight system in which animal experimenters
are charged with reviewing and approving the work of other animal
experimenters is seriously flawed.” Dr. Lawrence Hansen - professor in
the departments of neurosciences and pathology at the University of
California-San Diego School of Medicine in La Jolla, Calif.
UCSD’s Dr. Larry Hansen helped put an end to mandatory dog labs in
freshman physiology classes at the medical school in 2003
4. The question is not, ‘Can they reason?’
nor, ‘Can they talk?’ but, ‘Can they suffer?’
– Jeremy Bentham, British Philosopher 1823
5. “Mechanisms for fetal hepatic
programming in the non-human
primate”
Charity that funds animal research
pays for this study:
Female monkeys are artificially
inseminated. During pregnancy
they are fed a high fat diet and
develop type 2 diabetes. In the
third trimester they are switched
to a low fat diet. The fetus is
aborted and studied to see if
switching to a low fat diet effects
the fetus in pregnant females.
Charity that does not fund animal research
pays for this study:
“Better diet quality and decreased
mortality among myocardial infarction
survivors”
Researchers assessed the diets of 4,098
women using the Alternative Healthy Eating
Index—a tool developed to determine
chronic disease risk based on diet—before
and after a heart attack. The results showed
that after a nine years of follow-up, a diet
lowest in red and processed meat products
and sugar and highest in whole grains,
fruits, and vegetables lowered the risk of
death from heart disease by 40 percent,
compared with no dietary changes.
6. “Even when basic welfare conditions are met, this baseline is grossly
inadequate when considered alongside the overwhelming evidence that
animals have the capacity for rich emotional and social lives. Even in
cases when we can completely anaesthetize the physical pain, no
amount of anesthetic erases the terror, loneliness, emotional
deprivation, destruction of social bonds, and various other forms of
psychological stress and trauma that animals in labs endure.” Jonathan
Balcome Scientist - has three biology degrees, including a PhD in ethology (the
study of animal behavior) from the University of Tennessee, where he studied
communication in bats. He has published over 45 scientific papers on animal
behavior and animal protection.
Aren’t there rules about how the animals are cared
for? What about Animal Care and Use committees?
7. In “Sound Localization” experiments, Double Trouble was subjected to invasive
surgeries at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, on her ears, skull, and brain. In
the first operation, a stainless steel post was screwed to her skull so that her head
could be immobilized during experiments. In the next surgery, experimenters cut
into her head and skull and then applied a toxic substance to her inner ears in
order to deafen her. Experimenters also implanted electrical devices deep inside
both of her ears during this surgery.
To allow the scientists to correlate neuronal activity with actual cat behavior,
scientists used an awake cat system. This model requires the surgical implanting
of stainless steel head posts and eye coils onto the cats to, respectively, stabilize
the head during experiments and monitor eye movements to measure the cats’
ability to localize sounds. NO ANESTHESIA WAS USED!
8. The biological findings from these studies have allowed engineers
to develop a computer model of sound localization in the auditory
system. Placed on a chip and inserted into a cell phone, this
technology turns cell phones into “binaural” devices, using two
microphone receivers to filter out background noise.
U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) official inspected this laboratory and
found that there was "a pattern of recurring infections" and that all the cats
profiled had been "diagnosed with chronic infections" after having steel posts
screwed into open wounds on their heads and metal coils implanted in their
eyes. During this investigation, the USDA also cited UW for violating the Animal
Welfare Act because a cat named Broc was burned so badly with a heating pad
that she required surgery.
This study was approved by the
animal care and use committee
as necessary for advancing
science. Benefit from the study
written by the scientist…..to
make a better cell phone…
9. From the USDA regulations for care of laboratory animals: “Primary
enclosures shall be constructed and maintained so as to provide
sufficient space for the animal to make normal postural adjustments
with adequate freedom of movement.” For example, a laboratory
rabbit is required to have at least 180 square inches of space –
about the size of two 8.5x11 pieces of paper- to live on, for its entire
life.
10. But if we don’t use animals, how will we find
cures to diseases?
In Vitro Research – conducted in an external, controlled environment, such as a
test tube. Two to three times more accurate than tests on rats or mice. Penicillin,
which is toxic to guinea pigs, would not have passed a toxicity test if it had only
been tested on animals.
Epidemiology – the study and control of diseases within a human population. Has
linked diet to heart disease, smoking to lung disease, and has identified all known
environmental poisons.
Genetic Research – reveals which genes cause humans to be predisposed to
hereditary problems such as birth defects, cancer, and heart disease. Results of
DNA studies in animals are inapplicable to the treatment of humans.
Autopsies – the cause of virtually every disease has either been discovered or
clarified by performing autopsies on diseased patients.
Computer and Mathematical Modeling – have recently led to new treatments
for breast cancer, AIDS, and high blood pressure. They also allow scientists to
predict toxicity and analyze toxic chemicals.
These are just a few alternatives to using animals in research!