Experiments And Tests On Animals (Case study)

1. EXPERIMENTS AND TESTS ON ANIMALS

2. The earliest references to animal testing are found in the writings of the Greeks in the 2nd and 4th centuries BC

3. Galen, a physician in 2nd-century Rome, dissected pigs and goats, and is known as the "father of vivisection".
Vivisection: cutting up a being while It is awake or not dead.

4. People used «vivisection» for centuries, abused them.
After 1610s, scientist approved that during vivisection, pain causes effects on animal’s
body and It can change results of an experiment or a test.

5. In 1822, the first animal protection law was legalized in the British parliament.

6. And today, there are lots of laws against mistreatments to animals in America and
Europe but many countries in the world «allows» cruelties to animals.
Even in America and Europe, thousands of animals are being used on experiments and
tests. Even though they are not mistreated, they die and get sick because of tests.

7. Why do people do
tests on them?

8. Animal experiments are widely
used to develop new
medicines and to test the
safety of other products.
Many of these experiments
cause pain to the animals
involved or reduce their
quality of life in other ways.

9. If it is morally wrong to
cause animals to suffer then
experimenting on animals
produces serious moral
problems.
Animal experimenters are very
aware of this ethical problem
and acknowledge that
experiments should be made as
humane as possible.

10. And another reason:
Using humans as test subjects is prohibited all over the
World.
With one condition people can be used as test subjects, if
they are volunteers.
Smoke tests

11. Ethical sides of the issue
There are two approaches on animal experiments:

12. In favour of animal experiments:
 Experimenting on animals is acceptable if
(and only if):
 suffering is minimised in all experiments
 There are benefits using animals because
some tests can’t be done with other ways.

13. Against animal experiments:
 Experimenting on animals is always
unacceptable because:
 it causes suffering to animals
 the benefits to human beings are
not proven because we don’t have
the same DNAs.
 any benefits to human beings that
animal testing does provide could
be produced in other ways

15. People use
animals for:

16. Pure researches:
Basic or pure research investigates how organisms behave, develop, and function.

17. Xenotransplantation Researches:
Xenotransplantation research involves transplanting tissues or organs from one species to
another, as a way to overcome the shortage of human organs for use in organ transplants.

18. The Vacanti Mouse
The mouse had been developed by Charles
Vacanti at the University of Massachusetts
in order to see if an implant of artificial
cells would work.
During the ’90s, the photo of the mouse
became viral on the internet. Soon,
people protested the tests.

19. Toxicology Tests
Toxicology testing, also known
as safety testing, is conducted
by pharmaceutical companies.
These companies wants to see
if their products are harmful
for humans.

20. Cosmetics Testing:
Cosmetics are also tested on
animals, especially on rabbits.
These tests cause general
toxicity, eye and skin irritancy,
phototoxicity (toxicity triggered
by ultraviolet light)
The leaping bunny logo:
Products in Europe that are not
tested on animals carry this symbol.

22. Drug Tests:
In every country, drugs must be tested on animals before they
get license and go on sale.
These tests are mostly very harmful for animals.

23. Education: Most universities use animals to educate their students by dissecting animals or
with other techniques.

24. Military Researches:
Soviet Russia did horrible experiments on dogs.
- The two headed dog experiment
- The cut headed dog experiment

25. Thank you for listening

26. What types of animals are used?
Cats
Dogs
Mice
Fish
Rats
Rabbits
Guinea
Pigs Monkeys

27. graph of animals used ın
tests

34. Here is a selection of common animal procedures:
Forced chemical exposure in
toxicity testing,
Ear-notching and tail-clipping for
identification,
Infliction of wounds, burns and
other injuries to study healing,
 Food and water deprivation etc…

36. Alternatives
to animal
testing
İn alternate universes

37. The 3R’s;

38. People for the Ethical Treatment
of Animals
(peta)

39. Can animals be
sacrificed
for the
devolopment on
science?

40. Is It right to
use animals
even when
their
pain is
minimalized?

41. Even when people
are volunteers,
do you think
It is right to use
them
on tests?

42. If you were in
a situation that
you needed a
critical organ to
live, would you
let an animal
die for you?

43. If you were a scientist,
would you spend a long time in
your carreer/life looking
for new
ways instead
of testing
on animals?

44. REFERENCES:
www.nationalgeographic.com
www.wikipedia.org
www.bbc.co.uk
www.neavs.org
www.procon.org
www.hsi.org
newsimg.bbc.co.uk/
static.dezeen.com
www.niehs.nih.gov
www.avvs.org
www.peta.org
www.weirdlife.com
pbs.twimg.com
www.dosomething.org