The document discusses the complex issue of animal testing. It notes that while animal testing is cruel, it is also currently necessary for testing medicines and products to ensure human safety. However, there are ethical concerns around subjecting animals to tests and many advocate for alternative testing methods. The document raises questions about humanity's role in protecting animals and whether sufficient efforts have been made to find alternatives to animal testing. Research from organizations like PETA and government regulations are presented to explore different perspectives on the controversial issue.
This document discusses the debate around animal testing. While some argue animal testing is necessary to develop cures and ensure product safety, others believe it is cruel and unfair to animals. The document notes that over 27 species of animals are used in experiments, including monkeys, rats, mice, dogs and hamsters. Tests are conducted on medicines, cosmetics, tobacco and food. Supporters argue animal testing can save human lives by aiding medical advances, though some disagree due to concerns about animal welfare.
Animal testing is commonly used to test new medicines and cosmetics, but it often causes harm to animals who are kept in small cages. While animal testing can provide some useful data for evaluating products, many tests fail to translate to humans and over 90% of experiments on animals produce results that do not benefit human health, with every 8 seconds an animal dying as a result of testing.
Animal testing has led to the development of vaccines and cures that save human lives, such as treatments for diseases like polio, measles, and cancer. However, hundreds of thousands of animals are killed or harmed each year in testing for cosmetics, household products, and other goods. While some argue animal testing benefits humans and other animals through medical advances, others believe it is unethical to cause harm or death to animals for product testing. There is ongoing debate around how much animal testing is necessary and humane.
The document discusses animal testing and argues that it is cruel and should not be allowed. It notes that millions of animals suffer and die in testing each year and describes some of the types of tests conducted on animals, including poisoning and physical injury. Alternatives to animal testing are presented, and several organizations opposed to animal testing are mentioned.
The document argues that animal testing for cosmetic and household products is cruel and unnecessary. It notes that over 25 million animals are used in testing each year, including cats, dogs, primates, and rabbits, and subjected to mutilation and death for products like nail polish, laundry detergent, and cleaning supplies. However, the document claims that animal testing is flawed and ineffective at predicting human responses, and that alternative testing methods exist that do not require harming animals. The overall message is that animal testing should be prevented and alternatives adopted in order to avoid inflicting cruelty on defenseless animals.
There are three main types of animal testing: product testing to ensure safety after consumption, research performed for medical and scientific advancements like new drug experiments, and education and training from high school dissections to medical student training. Animal testing in Australia is legal but regulated by state and territory laws requiring approval from an authority. The National Health and Medical Research Council's Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes provides the basis for practices and ensures testing is valid, humane, justifiable, and considerate. However, arguments against animal testing say it is cruel to animals as many tests result in pain, suffering, and death, and alternatives now exist.
Animal experiments are commonly used to develop new medicines and test product safety. In 2005 in Europe, over 12 million animals were used in testing. While animal experiments have led to treatments for diseases, they cause suffering and reduce animal quality of life. There is debate around the necessity, usefulness, costs, and morality of animal testing when alternatives may be available such as non-animal models, clinical research, and epidemiological studies. Reducing animal use, refining techniques to minimize suffering, and replacing animals when possible are advocated approaches known as the Three Rs.
The document discusses the complex issue of animal testing. It notes that while animal testing is cruel, it is also currently necessary for testing medicines and products to ensure human safety. However, there are ethical concerns around subjecting animals to tests and many advocate for alternative testing methods. The document raises questions about humanity's role in protecting animals and whether sufficient efforts have been made to find alternatives to animal testing. Research from organizations like PETA and government regulations are presented to explore different perspectives on the controversial issue.
This document discusses the debate around animal testing. While some argue animal testing is necessary to develop cures and ensure product safety, others believe it is cruel and unfair to animals. The document notes that over 27 species of animals are used in experiments, including monkeys, rats, mice, dogs and hamsters. Tests are conducted on medicines, cosmetics, tobacco and food. Supporters argue animal testing can save human lives by aiding medical advances, though some disagree due to concerns about animal welfare.
Animal testing is commonly used to test new medicines and cosmetics, but it often causes harm to animals who are kept in small cages. While animal testing can provide some useful data for evaluating products, many tests fail to translate to humans and over 90% of experiments on animals produce results that do not benefit human health, with every 8 seconds an animal dying as a result of testing.
Animal testing has led to the development of vaccines and cures that save human lives, such as treatments for diseases like polio, measles, and cancer. However, hundreds of thousands of animals are killed or harmed each year in testing for cosmetics, household products, and other goods. While some argue animal testing benefits humans and other animals through medical advances, others believe it is unethical to cause harm or death to animals for product testing. There is ongoing debate around how much animal testing is necessary and humane.
The document discusses animal testing and argues that it is cruel and should not be allowed. It notes that millions of animals suffer and die in testing each year and describes some of the types of tests conducted on animals, including poisoning and physical injury. Alternatives to animal testing are presented, and several organizations opposed to animal testing are mentioned.
The document argues that animal testing for cosmetic and household products is cruel and unnecessary. It notes that over 25 million animals are used in testing each year, including cats, dogs, primates, and rabbits, and subjected to mutilation and death for products like nail polish, laundry detergent, and cleaning supplies. However, the document claims that animal testing is flawed and ineffective at predicting human responses, and that alternative testing methods exist that do not require harming animals. The overall message is that animal testing should be prevented and alternatives adopted in order to avoid inflicting cruelty on defenseless animals.
There are three main types of animal testing: product testing to ensure safety after consumption, research performed for medical and scientific advancements like new drug experiments, and education and training from high school dissections to medical student training. Animal testing in Australia is legal but regulated by state and territory laws requiring approval from an authority. The National Health and Medical Research Council's Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes provides the basis for practices and ensures testing is valid, humane, justifiable, and considerate. However, arguments against animal testing say it is cruel to animals as many tests result in pain, suffering, and death, and alternatives now exist.
Animal experiments are commonly used to develop new medicines and test product safety. In 2005 in Europe, over 12 million animals were used in testing. While animal experiments have led to treatments for diseases, they cause suffering and reduce animal quality of life. There is debate around the necessity, usefulness, costs, and morality of animal testing when alternatives may be available such as non-animal models, clinical research, and epidemiological studies. Reducing animal use, refining techniques to minimize suffering, and replacing animals when possible are advocated approaches known as the Three Rs.
The document discusses animal testing and argues that it is cruel and should not be allowed. It notes that millions of animals suffer and die in testing each year and describes some of the types of tests conducted on animals, including poisoning and physical injury. Alternatives to animal testing are presented, and several organizations opposed to animal testing are mentioned.
The document discusses the issues with animal testing, describing how millions of animals are killed each year in painful experiments and tests. There are three main types of animal testing - product testing on household items and cosmetics, research testing of drugs and medical procedures, and education/training uses of live animals. Examples are given of cruel tests like putting substances in rabbits' eyes to test irritancy. The document questions the usefulness of animal testing given differences between species.
The document discusses the debate around animal experimentation, presenting arguments on both sides. Proponents argue that medical research using animals is necessary to find cures for diseases affecting humans, and that rats and mice are commonly used. Opponents counter that all animals deserve humane treatment and have rights, and experiments sometimes use dogs, monkeys and rabbits in cruel ways. The local university wants to build an animal experimentation lab, and the author must prepare arguments for or against the proposal at a town council meeting.
Animal testing is commonly used to test the safety of products like cosmetics, household chemicals, and drugs. Animals are often subjected to painful experiments like toxicity tests that can cause bleeding and damage their eyes and skin. While supporters argue it is necessary for scientific research and drug development, critics point out that most medical breakthroughs have not relied on animal testing and that alternative testing methods now exist. Many countries in Europe have imposed restrictions or bans on animal testing and products tested on animals.
The document discusses animal testing, which involves using animals in scientific research and testing, particularly to determine the safety of drugs, foods, and other substances for human use. It notes that while animal testing aims to improve human health and medicine, it raises ethical issues as it involves experimenting on and killing large numbers of animals. Alternative views are presented, with some arguing animal testing is necessary and has advanced medical research, while others believe it is inhumane and the data unreliable due to physiological differences between animals and humans. Statistics are provided on the millions of animals, predominantly rats and mice, that are used annually in testing worldwide.
This document discusses potential issues around the ethics of animal testing. It notes that animals are commonly used for medical and commercial testing, but there is debate around whether this is always ethical. While animal testing has aided medical research, it is important to avoid abusing animals for research or profit. The document outlines questions on this topic, sources of further research, and potential challenges in evaluating the ethics of different types of animal testing.
Experiments And Tests On Animals (Case study)İrfan Meriç
Experiments and tests on animals have occurred for centuries, beginning with ancient Greek physicians dissecting animals. While experimentation has provided medical advances, it causes suffering to animals and raises ethical issues. Today, animal testing is regulated in some places but still widespread, with mice, rats, fish and rabbits most commonly used to develop medicines, study disease and toxicity, and for education and military research. There is ongoing debate around alternatives to animal testing and whether the benefits justify the costs to animal welfare.
There are three main types of animal testing: product testing to ensure safety after consumption, research for medical and scientific advancements like new drug experiments, and education/training from high school dissections to medical student training. In Australia, animal testing is legal but regulated by laws in each state/territory that require approval and ensure animal welfare. The National Health and Medical Research Council's code establishes guidelines for testing to be valid, humane, justifiable, and considerate. However, some argue animal testing is cruel and causes pain/suffering, and alternatives now exist, so it should be stopped.
This document discusses animal experimentation and testing. It begins by defining animal testing as using animals in experiments to test drugs before human trials. It then examines the different types of animal testing including medical, cosmetic, and psychological testing. Reasons why animal testing is done include determining drug toxicity and efficacy. However, animal testing is considered unethical by some as it causes harm, injury, and suffering to animals. The document discusses alternatives to animal testing such as using human tissues and considers whether the reasons for animal testing outweigh the moral issues. In conclusion, the document argues that many animal deaths and injuries could be prevented by exploring alternative testing methods.
Animal testing involves using animals like rats, mice, dogs and primates to test products like foods, drugs and medical treatments. Around 50-100 million vertebrate animals are used annually, with 90% being rats and mice. Supporters argue it has helped develop important medical advances like vaccines, antibiotics, and surgery techniques. Critics believe it is cruel and unnecessary, that some animals are killed as surplus, and that household products are still tested on animals using methods like dripping irritants in rabbits' eyes. There are arguments on both sides of this complex issue.
The document outlines 4 primary reasons why animal experimentation should be allowed. It argues that modern medicine relies on findings from animal research, and that animal research has benefited not only humans but also veterinary medicine. It notes that researchers focus on animals with short lifespans and high reproduction rates like rats, mice and other rodents. Finally, it claims that animal experimentation has cured or treated many human diseases like polio, diabetes, rabies and more, saving millions of human lives.
The document discusses various forms of cruelty against animals, including their killing for food and entertainment purposes. It notes that over 10 billion animals are slaughtered each year for human consumption, often in inhumane conditions, and that animals continue to be used in cruel entertainment like bullfighting and circuses. The document also addresses the use of animals for clothing, experimentation, and other issues. It provides suggestions for how people can help, such as donating to organizations like PETA that work against animal cruelty.
Should animal experimentation is permittedHasnain Ali
Animal testing is used to test cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other products. It involves performing experiments on animals like mice, rats, rabbits and monkeys that cause them pain and injury. While it has led to medical advances like vaccines and heart surgery, it is cruel to animals and does not always translate to accurate human outcomes. Alternatives exist like using leftover human skin, but many argue that animal testing is still needed to develop new drugs and protect humans from disease despite the moral issues raised.
The document discusses animal rights and the mistreatment of animals. It begins by defining animal rights as the principle that animals deserve to live freely without harm or exploitation. It then provides examples of how animals are abused, including being stabbed, suffering from malnutrition, and enduring testing of chemicals. The document advocates for the humane treatment of animals and outlines the history and goals of the animal rights movement, including opposing animal testing and promoting adoption.
Thousands of animals are abused and killed each year through illegal hunting, puppy mills, animal hoarding, and poaching. Puppy mills are large commercial dog breeding operations that keep dogs in unsanitary and overcrowded conditions. Animal hoarding involves taking in more pets than one can properly care for, leaving the animals sick and malnourished. Poaching endangers species by illegally hunting animals for fur or other valuables. If trends continue, white rhinos will be extinct within six years. The document encourages donations to shelters and conservation groups to help address these problems.
The document defines animal abuse as the intentional infliction of suffering or harm by humans on non-human animals. It discusses several ways abuse occurs, including entertainment uses like zoos and circuses where animals are often brutally trained, animal testing in cosmetics and research, overbreeding leading to neglect, and inhumane treatment of animals raised for food. To stop abuse, the document argues that people must become more aware of how common abuse is and take reports of it more seriously, and that organizations like Bangladesh Animal Welfare Society work to end cruelty.
This document discusses various forms of animal cruelty such as factory farming, puppy mills, abandonment of pets, hunting, animal fighting, fur farming, and circuses/aquariums. Factory farming is identified as the largest cause of animal cruelty, involving billions of animals being crammed into small spaces. Animal cruelty causes problems such as disease outbreaks, global warming, antibiotic resistance, water pollution, depletion of water resources, and loss of biodiversity. The document advocates for solutions like reducing meat consumption, educating others, and not wearing fur products which often involve inhumane practices in their production.
This document discusses various types of animal cruelty. It begins by defining animal cruelty as neglect, abuse, combat, and hoarding that endangers animals. Common types of animal cruelty include neglect, hoarding, beating, torture, and animal fighting. Dogs, horses, livestock, alligators and seals are often victims of abuse. Reasons for cruelty include seeking power, control or shock value. The document outlines specific abuses such as neglect of chickens on factory farms, dog fighting, horse starvation, seal clubbing, and alligator wrestling. It concludes by suggesting ways to help such as reporting abuse and donating to animal welfare organizations.
The document discusses animal experimentation. Over 2.7 million live animal experiments were authorized in the UK in 2002, though that number has halved in the last 30 years. Animals are used worldwide to test products from shampoo to cancer drugs. UK regulations require any new drug be tested on at least two mammal species, one being a large non-rodent, and experiments only be conducted if no alternative exists. While animal testing has benefited human medicine, some argue results can be misleading and alternatives like computer models should be explored more.
The United States generates over 230 million tons of trash each year, or 4.6 pounds per person daily. Aluminum cans are highly recyclable, with over 80 billion used annually, and recycling just one can saves enough energy to power a TV for three hours. Increased recycling of materials like aluminum cans would help reduce pollution and conserve natural resources by slowing the filling of landfills.
This document provides information on various isolated tissue preparations that can be used to study the effects of drugs. It discusses the advantages of different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo preparations using tissues from animals like guinea pigs, rabbits, rats, mice, cats, and dogs. Specific tissues that are mentioned include isolated strips of intestine, trachea, atria, fundus, vas deferens, anococcygeus, and more. The document outlines the process for setting up these preparations in an organ bath, applying drugs, and measuring responses. It also lists the typical drugs that different tissues are sensitive to and the receptors involved.
The document discusses animal testing and argues that it is cruel and should not be allowed. It notes that millions of animals suffer and die in testing each year and describes some of the types of tests conducted on animals, including poisoning and physical injury. Alternatives to animal testing are presented, and several organizations opposed to animal testing are mentioned.
The document discusses the issues with animal testing, describing how millions of animals are killed each year in painful experiments and tests. There are three main types of animal testing - product testing on household items and cosmetics, research testing of drugs and medical procedures, and education/training uses of live animals. Examples are given of cruel tests like putting substances in rabbits' eyes to test irritancy. The document questions the usefulness of animal testing given differences between species.
The document discusses the debate around animal experimentation, presenting arguments on both sides. Proponents argue that medical research using animals is necessary to find cures for diseases affecting humans, and that rats and mice are commonly used. Opponents counter that all animals deserve humane treatment and have rights, and experiments sometimes use dogs, monkeys and rabbits in cruel ways. The local university wants to build an animal experimentation lab, and the author must prepare arguments for or against the proposal at a town council meeting.
Animal testing is commonly used to test the safety of products like cosmetics, household chemicals, and drugs. Animals are often subjected to painful experiments like toxicity tests that can cause bleeding and damage their eyes and skin. While supporters argue it is necessary for scientific research and drug development, critics point out that most medical breakthroughs have not relied on animal testing and that alternative testing methods now exist. Many countries in Europe have imposed restrictions or bans on animal testing and products tested on animals.
The document discusses animal testing, which involves using animals in scientific research and testing, particularly to determine the safety of drugs, foods, and other substances for human use. It notes that while animal testing aims to improve human health and medicine, it raises ethical issues as it involves experimenting on and killing large numbers of animals. Alternative views are presented, with some arguing animal testing is necessary and has advanced medical research, while others believe it is inhumane and the data unreliable due to physiological differences between animals and humans. Statistics are provided on the millions of animals, predominantly rats and mice, that are used annually in testing worldwide.
This document discusses potential issues around the ethics of animal testing. It notes that animals are commonly used for medical and commercial testing, but there is debate around whether this is always ethical. While animal testing has aided medical research, it is important to avoid abusing animals for research or profit. The document outlines questions on this topic, sources of further research, and potential challenges in evaluating the ethics of different types of animal testing.
Experiments And Tests On Animals (Case study)İrfan Meriç
Experiments and tests on animals have occurred for centuries, beginning with ancient Greek physicians dissecting animals. While experimentation has provided medical advances, it causes suffering to animals and raises ethical issues. Today, animal testing is regulated in some places but still widespread, with mice, rats, fish and rabbits most commonly used to develop medicines, study disease and toxicity, and for education and military research. There is ongoing debate around alternatives to animal testing and whether the benefits justify the costs to animal welfare.
There are three main types of animal testing: product testing to ensure safety after consumption, research for medical and scientific advancements like new drug experiments, and education/training from high school dissections to medical student training. In Australia, animal testing is legal but regulated by laws in each state/territory that require approval and ensure animal welfare. The National Health and Medical Research Council's code establishes guidelines for testing to be valid, humane, justifiable, and considerate. However, some argue animal testing is cruel and causes pain/suffering, and alternatives now exist, so it should be stopped.
This document discusses animal experimentation and testing. It begins by defining animal testing as using animals in experiments to test drugs before human trials. It then examines the different types of animal testing including medical, cosmetic, and psychological testing. Reasons why animal testing is done include determining drug toxicity and efficacy. However, animal testing is considered unethical by some as it causes harm, injury, and suffering to animals. The document discusses alternatives to animal testing such as using human tissues and considers whether the reasons for animal testing outweigh the moral issues. In conclusion, the document argues that many animal deaths and injuries could be prevented by exploring alternative testing methods.
Animal testing involves using animals like rats, mice, dogs and primates to test products like foods, drugs and medical treatments. Around 50-100 million vertebrate animals are used annually, with 90% being rats and mice. Supporters argue it has helped develop important medical advances like vaccines, antibiotics, and surgery techniques. Critics believe it is cruel and unnecessary, that some animals are killed as surplus, and that household products are still tested on animals using methods like dripping irritants in rabbits' eyes. There are arguments on both sides of this complex issue.
The document outlines 4 primary reasons why animal experimentation should be allowed. It argues that modern medicine relies on findings from animal research, and that animal research has benefited not only humans but also veterinary medicine. It notes that researchers focus on animals with short lifespans and high reproduction rates like rats, mice and other rodents. Finally, it claims that animal experimentation has cured or treated many human diseases like polio, diabetes, rabies and more, saving millions of human lives.
The document discusses various forms of cruelty against animals, including their killing for food and entertainment purposes. It notes that over 10 billion animals are slaughtered each year for human consumption, often in inhumane conditions, and that animals continue to be used in cruel entertainment like bullfighting and circuses. The document also addresses the use of animals for clothing, experimentation, and other issues. It provides suggestions for how people can help, such as donating to organizations like PETA that work against animal cruelty.
Should animal experimentation is permittedHasnain Ali
Animal testing is used to test cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other products. It involves performing experiments on animals like mice, rats, rabbits and monkeys that cause them pain and injury. While it has led to medical advances like vaccines and heart surgery, it is cruel to animals and does not always translate to accurate human outcomes. Alternatives exist like using leftover human skin, but many argue that animal testing is still needed to develop new drugs and protect humans from disease despite the moral issues raised.
The document discusses animal rights and the mistreatment of animals. It begins by defining animal rights as the principle that animals deserve to live freely without harm or exploitation. It then provides examples of how animals are abused, including being stabbed, suffering from malnutrition, and enduring testing of chemicals. The document advocates for the humane treatment of animals and outlines the history and goals of the animal rights movement, including opposing animal testing and promoting adoption.
Thousands of animals are abused and killed each year through illegal hunting, puppy mills, animal hoarding, and poaching. Puppy mills are large commercial dog breeding operations that keep dogs in unsanitary and overcrowded conditions. Animal hoarding involves taking in more pets than one can properly care for, leaving the animals sick and malnourished. Poaching endangers species by illegally hunting animals for fur or other valuables. If trends continue, white rhinos will be extinct within six years. The document encourages donations to shelters and conservation groups to help address these problems.
The document defines animal abuse as the intentional infliction of suffering or harm by humans on non-human animals. It discusses several ways abuse occurs, including entertainment uses like zoos and circuses where animals are often brutally trained, animal testing in cosmetics and research, overbreeding leading to neglect, and inhumane treatment of animals raised for food. To stop abuse, the document argues that people must become more aware of how common abuse is and take reports of it more seriously, and that organizations like Bangladesh Animal Welfare Society work to end cruelty.
This document discusses various forms of animal cruelty such as factory farming, puppy mills, abandonment of pets, hunting, animal fighting, fur farming, and circuses/aquariums. Factory farming is identified as the largest cause of animal cruelty, involving billions of animals being crammed into small spaces. Animal cruelty causes problems such as disease outbreaks, global warming, antibiotic resistance, water pollution, depletion of water resources, and loss of biodiversity. The document advocates for solutions like reducing meat consumption, educating others, and not wearing fur products which often involve inhumane practices in their production.
This document discusses various types of animal cruelty. It begins by defining animal cruelty as neglect, abuse, combat, and hoarding that endangers animals. Common types of animal cruelty include neglect, hoarding, beating, torture, and animal fighting. Dogs, horses, livestock, alligators and seals are often victims of abuse. Reasons for cruelty include seeking power, control or shock value. The document outlines specific abuses such as neglect of chickens on factory farms, dog fighting, horse starvation, seal clubbing, and alligator wrestling. It concludes by suggesting ways to help such as reporting abuse and donating to animal welfare organizations.
The document discusses animal experimentation. Over 2.7 million live animal experiments were authorized in the UK in 2002, though that number has halved in the last 30 years. Animals are used worldwide to test products from shampoo to cancer drugs. UK regulations require any new drug be tested on at least two mammal species, one being a large non-rodent, and experiments only be conducted if no alternative exists. While animal testing has benefited human medicine, some argue results can be misleading and alternatives like computer models should be explored more.
The United States generates over 230 million tons of trash each year, or 4.6 pounds per person daily. Aluminum cans are highly recyclable, with over 80 billion used annually, and recycling just one can saves enough energy to power a TV for three hours. Increased recycling of materials like aluminum cans would help reduce pollution and conserve natural resources by slowing the filling of landfills.
This document provides information on various isolated tissue preparations that can be used to study the effects of drugs. It discusses the advantages of different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo preparations using tissues from animals like guinea pigs, rabbits, rats, mice, cats, and dogs. Specific tissues that are mentioned include isolated strips of intestine, trachea, atria, fundus, vas deferens, anococcygeus, and more. The document outlines the process for setting up these preparations in an organ bath, applying drugs, and measuring responses. It also lists the typical drugs that different tissues are sensitive to and the receptors involved.
Experimental pharmacology deals with studying the reactions of living organisms to drugs. It involves pre-clinical and clinical studies as well as various types of research like behavioral, developmental, and functional research. Some techniques used in experimental pharmacology include cell culture, immunostaining, computational genomics, transfection, stem cell culture, DNA sequencing, gene knockdown, polymerase chain reaction, and more. Pharmacological research is important for developing life-saving treatments and better understanding traditional medicines like Ayurveda.
This document provides an overview of bioassay procedures. It defines bioassay as the comparative assessment of the potency of a test compound to a standard compound using a living biological system. The basic bioassay procedure involves preparing tissues, attaching them to an organ bath, constructing dose-response curves for standard and test compounds, and calculating the potency of the test compound based on its curve's position relative to the standard. Sources of error include biological variation between tissues and methodological errors in experimental design or implementation.
1. Plants have developed three main adaptations to salinity stress: osmotic stress tolerance, sodium exclusion from leaves, and tissue tolerance to accumulated sodium and chloride in leaves.
2. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance include compartmentalization of ions, osmotic adjustment through compatible solutes, and exclusion of sodium from leaves.
3. Breeding efforts have developed salt tolerant varieties of crops like rice, wheat, mustard, and chickpeas through marker-assisted selection and identifying favorable quantitative trait loci.
This document provides background information on common laboratory animals used in drug development. It discusses how rodents like rats, mice, and guinea pigs are widely used due to their low cost, ease of handling, and physiological similarities to humans. Rats and mice are used in toxicity, cancer, and genetic studies. Guinea pigs were important in developing vaccines and studying respiratory diseases. Rabbits, dogs, cats, and monkeys are also used as they resemble humans in size or have similar organ systems. Other animals discussed include frogs, zebrafish, chickens, and pigeons which provide models for specific research areas. While animal testing has advanced medical knowledge, it unfortunately requires animals to be killed or kept in captivity.
Animal testing is conducted to test products like cosmetics, medicines, and hygiene products for human safety. While it has benefits like advancing medical treatments, animal testing causes animals pain and distress. Many major religions allow animal testing only when necessary and cause as little suffering as possible, since animals have feelings and are also God's creations deserving compassion. However, certain practices like the Draize eye test are considered cruel by some. Over 100 million animals are used in experiments annually in the US alone.
1. basics of experimental pharmacologyMBBS IMS MSU
Experimental pharmacology involves studying the effects of pharmacological agents on different animal species. The aims are to identify suitable therapeutic agents for human use, study drug toxicity and mechanisms of action. Common laboratory animals used include mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. Rats are commonly used due to their small size and low drug requirements. Wistar rats are a commonly used strain. Mice are also used for toxicology and drug screening studies due to their small size. Guinea pigs are sensitive to histamine and antibiotics, making them useful for studies in these areas. Rabbits are docile and used for pyrogen testing and studies of drugs affecting capillary permeability. Frogs are commonly used for isolated tissue studies and studies of drugs acting on
This document discusses the history and types of animal experimentation. It notes that Aristotle and Erasistratus were among the first to use living animals in experiments. It outlines the types of animal research including basic research, applied research, toxicology testing, and xenotransplantation. Common animal models used are rats, mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs. The document also discusses the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments and the ethical requirements for conducting such research.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.