The document discusses human development and metrics used to measure it such as the Human Development Index (HDI) and Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). It explains that HDI measures a nation's health, education, and income levels while IHDI adjusts for inequality. According to the document, Norway currently ranks first in HDI while Sierra Leone ranks last. It also notes that Mexico ranks 77th in HDI based on its life expectancy, education, and income metrics.

1. Instituto Tecnologico de Saltillo
Sustainable
Development
“Human Development”
Alejandro Javier Mejía Valdés
September 12th, 2018

2. What is human development
It is referred as a process of giving human beings equal opportunities and
freedom of their decisions and because of that bring well being to their lives.

3. Human Development approach
There are ways to measure a human´s development, with different factors
that researchers take in mind.
• People: it is focused on improving their lives without assuming only that
economic growth will bring them good.
• Opportunities: Develop human abilities of taking their own decisions to
improve their lives.
• Choices: Humans have the right to choose what kind of live they want.

4. What is the Human Development
Index (HDI)
It’s a summary measure of average achievement in
key dimensions of human development.
HDI was created to emphasize that people and their
capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for
assessing the development of a country, not
economic growth alone.

5. Human Development Dimensions
The dimensions for the HDI are:
• Health - Life expectancy at birth
• Education - expected years schooling for school-age children and
average years of schooling in the adult population
• Income - measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (PPP
US$)

6. Number one country
in HDI:
NORWAY
Last country in HDI:
SIERRA LEONE
Gross national
income (GNI) per
capita: 67,614
GDP per capita
(PPP US$) rank
minus HDI rank: -
1

7. What is Gini Index
Used to measure the extent to which the distribution of income among
individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal
distribution.

8. Elements of the Gini index
• Gini coefficent: commonly-used measure of
income inequality that condenses the entire
income distribution for a country into a single
number between 0 and 1: the higher the
number, the greater the degree of income
inequality.
• Gini ratio: a ratio with values between 0 and 1:
the numerator is the area between the Lorenz
curve of the distribution and the uniform
distribution line; the denominator is the area
under the uniform distribution line.

9. What is Inequality-Adjusted
Human Development Index (IHDI)
The IHDI is the HDI adjusted for inequalities in the distribution of achievements
in each of the three dimensions of the HDI.
The IHDI will be equal to the HDI value when there is no inequality, but falls
below the HDI value as inequality rises.

10. Difference between IHDI and HDI
Represents the ‘loss’ in potential human development due to inequality and can
be expressed as a percentage.

11. Mexico in the HDI
Mexico has the 77th position in the list with:
Life
expectancy
at birth
Expected
years of
schooling
Mean years
of schooling
Gross
national
income
(GNI) per
capita
GNI per
capita rank
minus HDI
rank
77 13.3 8.6 16683 -9

12. Mexico in the HDI
In my opinion Mexico is located in a reasonable place on the list, but you
should always think in becoming better and always improving. And I believe
that we have been improving and getting better as a country. Of course we
are many years away of being a first world country, I have lived in a first
world country before and every day you can see things in what we can
become better comparing it with my experience of living in another country,
simple things that you do not even see when you have not left Mexico. But
in many others you can see the difference of the modern Mexico and we
have managed to do that because people is getting tired of the same
lifestyle of always and wants to change and that is what we need, we do not
need presidents and other people that do it for us, this has to start with each
one of us doing things the right way.

13. Bibliography
• https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/si.pov.gini
• Gini coefficient Calculation www3.nccu.edu.tw/~jthuang/Gini.pdf
• Gini Coefficient | tutor2u Economics
https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/gini-coefficient
• Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) | Human ...
hdr.undp.org/en/content/inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi
• http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/HDI